初中英语语法资料(含讲义与练习题)资料讲解

第一讲名词和冠词

一名词：

世界上由万事万物构成的，这些事物各有名称，表示这些名称的名词叫作名词。名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词

专有名词：表示具体的人名，事物，地名，机构和节日等名称的词称为专有名词。

（专有名词开头第一个字母必须大写）

①表示人：Yang Liwei 杨利伟Alice 爱丽丝

②表示事物：the Changjiang River 长江December 十二月

③表示地名：Macao 澳门New York 纽约

④表示节日: Christmas Day 圣诞节Children’s Day 儿童节

⑤表示机构：WTO 世界贸易组织the University of London 伦敦大学

普通名词：指一类人，事物，物质或抽象概念的名称。

（一）名词的单复数形式：可数名词的单复数形式

⑴名词复数的特殊形式

man—men, woman—women, policeman—policemen, Englishman—Englishmen,

foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children, German—Germans

⑵有些名词的单复数形式同形

Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish

⑶合成名词，只将其主题词变为复数形式

girl student—girl students pencil-box—pencil-boxes

⑷由man和woman构成的合成词，全部变成复数

man doctor—men doctors woman teacher ---women teachers

⑸只有复数的名词

trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, goods, compasses, stairs, people, scissors, chopsticks

⑹不可数名词的数量表达

a piece of bread/meat; five drops of water; six bags of rice; seven pairs of shoes;

eight basketball of apples; nine piece of news

课堂练习：

A组：选择最佳答案

1. Mrs. Lenny gave us ______________ on how to learn English well.

A) some advices B) many advices C) some advice D) an advice

2. If these trousers are too big, buy a small _______________

A) set B) one C) pair D) copy

3. A group of __________ are talking about two ______________

A) Frenchmans; Germen B) Germans; Frenchmans

C) Frenchmen; Germans D) German; Frenchmen

4. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---______________, please.

A) two cup of coffee B) two cups of coffee

C) two cups of coffees D) two cup of coffees

5. My mother and my sister are both _____________________

A) woman teachers B)women teacher C) woman teacher D) women teachers

6. We needn’t buy any __________. There are many in the fridge.

A) fruit B) milk C) meat D) eggs

7. How many ___________ can you see?

A) milks B) a glass of milk C) glasses of milks D) glasses of milk

8. I think maths ______________ very useful.

A) is B) are C) am D) be

9. The little baby has two __________ already.

A) tooth B) tooths C) teeth D) teeths

10. I’m thirsty, please make _________ for me.

A) a tea B) a cup of tea C) teas D) a cup of teas

B组：用所给词的正确形式填空

1. I have two _________________(knife).

2. They come from different _________________(country).

3. The _________(meet) begins at 2:00 in the afternoon.

4. We have quite lots of nice ___________(photo). Let me show you some of them.