动词不定式和ing形式

动词不定式和ing形式
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1.常跟不定式作宾语的动词有want(想、要)，love(喜欢)，begin(开始)，need(需)，learn(学会)，agree(同意)，decide(决定)，hope(希望)，start(开始)，refuse(拒绝)等。

I…m learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。

[特别提醒]
(1)不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。

He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现难以入睡。

(2)begin(开始)，start(开始)，like(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，love(喜爱)可以接动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语，意思一般没有区别。

但like后接-ing形式指经常性的动作; 接不定式，指一时间、一次性的动作。

I like having a twin sister. 我喜欢有个孪生姐妹。

I like to have a twin sister. 我现在想有个孪生姐妹。

(3)stop(停止)，forget(忘记)，remember(记得)，try(试)，go on(继续)等动词接不定式和-ing形式意义有区别。

试比较：
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止(正在)做某事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做)
remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还未做)
remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事
try to do sth.试图要做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(已做完一件)
go on doing sth.继续做(原来未做完的)某件事
She stopped crying and listened to the music. = She stopped to listen to the music. 她停止哭闹，听音乐了。

Don…t forget to tell him about it. = Remember to tell him about it. 别忘了(记住)告诉他这件事。

I…ll try not to be late again. 我将争取不再迟到。

She didn…t pull the door and tried pushing it. 她没有拉开门，便试着推一下。

2.动词不定式常用作目的状语。

He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。

Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生。

in order to作“为了”解，用作目的状语。

In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. 为了通过这次考试，他学习非常刻苦。

不定式短语可以在一些作表语的形容词后作状语，表示原因或结果。

I…m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。

(原因)
Some of the apples are hard to reach. 有些苹果难以够着。

(结果)
3.动词tell (叫，让)，ask (请求)，want(希望)，order(命令)，get(使)，wish(希望)，warn(警告)，teach(教)，invite(邀请)等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ask. sb. to do sth. “叫/请……某人做某事”句型。

Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？
[特别提醒] 使役动词let(让)，make(使)，have(使)等; 感官动词see(看见)，hear(听见)，feel(感到)，watch(观看)，notice(注意到)，look at(看)，listen to(听)等跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

What makes you think I…m a farmer? 你凭什么说我是农民？
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到(它掉下)的。

We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们时常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带to也可以不带to。

She helped her parents clean the house. 她帮助父母打扫房屋。

We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.
我们也能用卫星帮助我们和外国通电话
[特别提醒] 在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to。

He was made to do it.他被迫做这件事。

She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

4.不定式短语作定语须放在被修饰的词语之后。

I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。

The doctor said he could do nothing to help him. 医生说他无能为力。

5.不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。

It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。

6.作表语
To him, the first important thing was to save lives. 对他来说，最重
要的事情就是抢救生命。

His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。

7. 动词不定式用在疑问词how, when, where, what, which等之后，作宾语或宾语补足语。

He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。

I don…t know where to go? 我不知道去哪里？
Could you tell me which to choose? 请告诉我选择哪一个？
why或why not后常跟不带to的不定式表示一种建议。

Why not have a cup of tea? 喝一杯茶，好吗？
常用不定式的句型
(1)It‘s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. “是做……的时候了”
It‘s time to have supper. = It’s time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。

(2)There‘s no (time ) to do sth. “没有(时间)做某事”There was no time to open it. 没有时间去打开它。

(3)It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事”
It took me half an hour to do the problem. 我花了半小时做这个题目。

(4)be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够……做某事”The girl is old enough to go to school. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。

(5)be + too +形容词+ to do sth. “太……不能做某事”The boy was too frightened to move. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。

(6)be ready + to do sth. “乐意做某事”
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是乐于助人。

(7)It‘s + 形容词+for sb. + to do sth.
It‘s important for the twins to help each other. 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。

(8)be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事”
He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。

(9)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿……也不愿……”
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。

(10)would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth.常用于口语中，表示“喜欢……”
I‘d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

I would love to go. 我想去。

(11) had better +不带to的不定式表示“最好……”
You‘d better put on your coat. It’s very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。

外面很冷。

You‘d better not go.你最好不要去。

(12)Will you please+不带to的不定式，表示请求。

Will you please ask her to come to the teacher‘s office? 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？
[特别提醒] enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep (on ) (坚持/一直……)，be busy(忙于……)，can‘t help(情不自禁)等常跟-ing形式作宾语。

He enjoyed living there. 他喜欢住在那里。

Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在五分钟之内画出一匹好看的马吗？
I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在考虑下午的比赛。

Keep passing the ball to each other, and you‘ll be OK! 坚持互相传球，你们就会赢！
By the time the bell rang, every member of the class was busy reading. 铃响以前，班上每个同学都忙着念书。