_资源诅咒_现象分析及其对策_高吉喜
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生态与农村环境学报2013,29(1):1-7Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
“资源诅咒”现象分析及其对策
高吉喜1①,栗忠飞2
(1.环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042; 2.西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,
云南昆明650224)
摘要:作为发展经济学领域的一个重要命题,“资源诅咒”现象自提出以来受到了广泛关注。大量研究证实了“资源诅咒”现象的存在性,并对其传导机制进行分析,但也有研究对此提出质疑,认为其存在具有条件性。产生“资源诅咒”现象的原因因地而异,尤其是不平等的资源开发利用体系导致资源输出地区受到严重“剥削”,自然资源的生态价值远远没有得到体现。为消除“资源诅咒”这一怪象,在深入分析“资源诅咒”现象及其传导机制的基础上,从内部途径和外部机制两个方面阐述了消除“资源诅咒”现象、促进资源枯竭型城市转型的对策和建议,强调建立生态补偿机制的重要性,从而为消除“资源诅咒”现象、实现资源丰裕地区的可持续发展和区域共同发展提供科学基础。
关键词:资源诅咒;生态补偿;机制;对策中图分类号:F062.1
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1673-4831(2013)01-0001-07
Analysis of Phenomenon of "Resource Curse"and the Countermeasures.GAO Ji-xi 1,LI Zhong-fei 2(1.Nanjing Insti-tute of Environmental Sciences ,Ministry of Environmental Protection ,Nanjing 210042,China ;2.College of Environment Science and Engineering ,Southwest Forestry University ,Kunming 650224,China )
Abstract :As an important proposition in the field of development economics ,"resource curse"has received wide atten-tion since it was put forward.Large volumes of studies have demonstrated that the phenomenon of "resource curse"does exist ,and analyzed mechanisms of its transmission.However ,some studies question its existence ,holding that its exist-ence is conditional.The cause of the "resource curse"phenomenon is site-specific.Especially unequal resources develop-ment and utilization systems subject resource exporting regions to serious "exploitation",and ecological values of the natu-ral resources fall far from being reflected.After in-depth analysis of the phenomenon and its transmission mechanism ,countermeasures and suggestions are elaborated for eliminating "resource curse"phenomenon and for promoting the re-structuring of resource exhausted areas from the aspects of internal approaches ,such as upgrading of industrial structure ,investment in human capital ,tax reform and institutional management ,and from external mechanism such as social respon-sibility ,regional coordination mechanism ,carbon trading ,ecological safety ,green tax ,consumption and pay ,etc.,while stressing the importance of establishing ecological compensation mechanism ,which may serve as a scientific basis for elim-inating the "resource curse"phenomenon and realizing the sustainable development of the resources-rich area and collabo-rative development of the regions.
Key words :resource curse ;ecological compensation ;mechanism ;countermeasure
收稿日期:2012-11-09
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B00)①通信作者E-
mail :gjx@nies.org 传统的经济学观点认为,丰裕的自然资源是经
济发展的引擎[1]105-115,[2]
。然而,自20世纪60年代
以来,
世界上许多自然资源丰裕的国家或地区的经济发展最终走向了恶化,呈现“富饶的贫困”现象,丰裕资源有拖累经济持续增长的嫌疑。为此,研究者们提出了“资源诅咒(resource curse )”概念[3]33-36
,用以解释这一现象。目前,国内外对“资
源诅咒”效应在各级地域单元上的存在性、形成原
因及传导机制等问题已开展了大量研究[4-8]
,然而
对如何消除“资源诅咒”现象仍很困惑。这种现象的存在,不但不利于这些国家或地区的可持续发展,而且也直接或间接地影响了资源的有效利用和
价值体现,
对生态环境保护产生了巨大影响。造成“资源诅咒”现象的原因因地而异,但资源开发利用体系不平等、自然资源内在的生态价值没
有得到体现以及资源拥有地区被“剥削”的现象普遍存在。因此,
为了消除“资源诅咒”这一怪象,需要全世界“有产者”联合起来,共同研究解决这一问题,以期实现生态公平和区域可持续发展。该研究深入分析了“资源诅咒”这一现象及其传导机制,并