培养英语口语论文
口语教学之英语口语论文(全文)
口语教学之英语口语论文(全文)1.教师有意识地使用口语教学口语教学可以对学生产生良性的刺激，能有效提高学生的听说译的应用能力，对于那些会听不会说或者会说不会听的学生来说，是纠正这些错误行之有效的办法。
因此，教师使用口语教学能提高学生对英语的综合应用能力，能在传统教学法和现代教学法之间搭起一座桥梁。
2.巧妙运用多媒体教学口语能力的培养是对学生对英语的综合应用能力来进行训练，对学生提出了更高的要求，给学生施加了更大的压力。
而巧妙地利用现代化的教学手段，发挥好多媒体技术在教学上的应用，能够有效缓解学生的这种压力。
多媒体教学具有趣味性、刺激性和内容多样化、个性化的优点，能激发学生的学习兴趣，既满足了他们求知的欲望，又优化了教学环节，节约了课堂时间，增大了课堂容量，把学生的压力变成了趣味，寓教于乐。
3.精心设计分组活动的内容在组织小组活动为主的口语教学时，教师应有意识地要求学生尽可能地使用英语进行交流，充分练习英语口语。
教师要营造进行英语口语交流的模拟环境，灵活运用教材课文中的内容和情景，根据实际情况进行适当的调整，精心设计剧本，科学地进行编排，总的要求是要让学生更容易接受，活动的内容和难易程度要适当。
4.有意识地培养学生的交际策略口语交际一般是在特定的情境和场合，对方要讨论的问题都是随性而发，一般难以事前进行准备，说话者没有计划，没有准备。
由于情景的不可预测，会常常出现尴尬的局面，要幸免这种情况发生，就需要具有一定的交际策略能力，解决随时可能碰到的困难，幸免交际失败。
比如当某个词实在想不起来或者不会说时，可采取转化论题、用同义词代替或借用其他表达方式等策略绕过这个语言障碍，保持良好的交流。
5.重视英语母语文化教学不同的语言母语GJ，都存在着语言文化差异，要想学好该语言口语表达，就必须消除这种表达障碍。
口语学习是了解这种文化差异，特别是日常交流文化差异的最有效的途径，学生通过口语表达的学习，可以学到不同的场合、不同的地点、不同的时间情境下，英语语言的特别的表达方式。
提高英语口语作文
提高英语口语作文Improving Spoken English。
English is a global language and has become anessential tool for communication in today's world. As a result, it is important to have good spoken English skills to communicate effectively with people from different countries and cultures. In this essay, we will discuss some effective ways to improve spoken English.Firstly, it is important to practice speaking English regularly. Speaking English with friends, colleagues or family members who are fluent in the language can help improve vocabulary, pronunciation and fluency. One can also join language exchange programs or conversation clubs to practice speaking with native speakers.Secondly, watching English movies, TV shows, and listening to English songs can help improve spoken English. This can help in understanding different accents, improvingpronunciation and learning new words and phrases. One can also watch English news channels to improve their knowledge of current affairs and improve their spoken English skills.Thirdly, reading English books, newspapers and magazines can help improve spoken English skills. This can help in improving vocabulary, understanding sentence structure and grammar. One can also read aloud to improve pronunciation and fluency.Fourthly, attending English language classes or hiring a tutor can help improve spoken English skills. This can help in getting personalized attention and feedback on areas that need improvement. One can also learn new techniques and strategies to improve their spoken English skills.Lastly, it is important to have confidence while speaking English. Fear of making mistakes can hinder progress. One should not be afraid to make mistakes and should practice speaking English without any inhibitions.In conclusion, improving spoken English skills requires consistent effort and practice. One should practice speaking English regularly, watch English movies and TV shows, read English books, attend language classes and have confidence while speaking. With these effective ways, one can improve their spoken English skills and communicate effectively with people from different countries and cultures.。
初中英语教学中口语能力培养论文
浅谈初中英语教学中口语能力的培养语言是交际的工具。
要彻底改变过去那种“哑巴英语”的教学模式，必须重视“说”的能力的培养。
本文试图在培养学生“说”的能力方面作一些有益的探索：循循善诱鼓励“说”；循序渐进训练“说”；丰富多彩灵活“说”；扎扎实实指导“说”。
一、循循善诱鼓励“说”老师热情的鼓励，是促进学生能动学习的催化剂。
鼓励学生在英语课堂上积极发言，勇于表达，必须注意以下几点：第一，端正学生对“说”的态度有的同学，认为学好英语，会不会说并不重要，只要考试能拿高分就行了，这种态度是非常有害的。
其实“说”的过程，就是把思维变成语言的过程。
在这个过程中，不仅提高了自己的表达能力，而且融会贯通了知识，也训练了思维的敏捷性、灵活性。
在中学生一开始学英语的时候，教师就得纠正学生对于“说”的态度，帮助他们变“不愿说”为“积极说”，变“要我说”为“我要说”。
第二，树立榜样“榜样的力量是无穷的。
”教师可以以名人为榜样，鼓励学生多说，重视口语训练。
许多名人在青少年时期都很注重自己的口头表达能力的培养与训练。
美国总统克林顿在校时就被鉴定为“speak too much”。
世界名人华盛顿、罗斯福、丘吉尔，无一不是在青少年时期就十分注重自身的口语表达能力的训练，正是这些训练，为他们成为饮誉世界的伟人打下了良好的基础。
从这些伟人身上，我们可以引导学生，要做一个有为青年，从小就得培养各方面的能力，尤其是口头表达能力，这样才能适应未来的社会。
第三，诚恳鼓励，改变怯场心理。
有的同学，英语课上不喜欢举手发言，并不是不想说，而是因为内向、胆小。
作为英语教师，我们应该像母亲教小孩呀呀学语一样，多多给予热情的鼓励，即使他们说得并不是很好，也应该诚恳鼓励，从不同的角度进行肯定：比如表扬他们态度积极、声音洪亮、口齿清晰等。
二、循序渐进训练“说”“万丈高楼平地起。
”做任何事都得遵循由浅入深、由易到难的循序渐进的原则，英语“说”的能力的培养也得循序渐进。
提高大学生英语口语能力的策略论文
提高大学生英语口语能力的策略论文毕业论文（设计）Title The Strategy Of How to Improve CollegeStudents’ Oral English题目提高大学生英语口语能力的策略二级学院：英语学院专业：应用英语班级：08应英11班姓名：洪景媛学号：0303081104指导教师：陈文琴摘要在机遇和挑战并存的21世纪，英语作为一种国际性语言，在国际交流中发挥着举足轻重的作用。
随着我国对外开放的不断深入和加入WTO，举办2008北京奥运会，2010世博会，英语已成为中国与世界沟通的重要途径。
对于现在的大学生来说，英语学习已不仅仅是为了通过四、六级考试，更为重要的是提高英语口语交际能力。
在实际生活中，更多学生学的是“哑巴英语”，而且部分学生英语发音带有浓重的地方口音。
英语广泛影响着我们的生活。
如何提高英语口语，说一口流利和纯正的英语已成了一大问题。
对于就业和升学压力越来越大的大学生来说，具有较高的英语水平无疑会为大学生求职、升学增加一个重要的砝码。
为了改善这种情况，教师在英语教学中应充分发挥其主观能动性，努力提高自己的英语口语对话水平，把培养学生的口语能力作为教学的首要任务。
在提高学生英语口语能力方面，教师的教学方法起着极为重要的作用，英语教师只有掌握了一定的教学技能和提高学生英语口语能力的正确策略，才能真正帮助学生切实提高口语表达能力。
同时学生应积极配合教师，多动脑，多动口，练就一口流利的英语。
关键词：英语学习；英语口语；学习方法；英语思维；学习兴趣Abstract21st century is a century of opportunities and challenge, English plays an important role in international communication as an international language. With the constant deepening of China's opening up policy and joined the WTO, hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, World Expo 2010, English has become an important way to communicate with the world.Nowadays, for university students, learning English is not just only to pass the CET4 and CET6, it is more important to improve the oral English communication skills. In real life, most students learn "dumb English", and some students’ pronunce English with a strong local accent.English influence our lives widely. How to improve our spoken English to be fluent and native becomes a big problem. To improve this situation, English teachers should give all their efforts to their initiative, striving to improve their English level of dialogue. What is more, the students’ spoken language ability should be the primary task of teaching. At the same time, students must cooperate with the teachers actively, using their brains and mouths more to gain fluent English.Key words: English learning; spoken English; learning methods; English thinking; interestTable of Contents摘要 .......................................................................................................................... Abstract (I)1 Introduction (1)2 The Significance of Oral English (1)2.1 English generally impacts our life (1)2.2 English generally impacts our production (1)3 The Present Situation of College Students’ Oral English Learning.2 3.1 The present situation (2)3.1.1 Lack of a good English environment (2)3.1.2 Lack of diligence (2)3.1.3 Lack of a good way (3)3.2 College students’ problems in oral English learning (3)4 The Ways to Learn Oral English Well (3)4.1 Through English movies (3)4.2 Practice English with friends (4)4.3 Retelling the texts (4)4.4 Expand vocabulary (4)4.5 Learn how to use the idioms (5)4.6 Listening in English classroom (5)5 Conclusion (7)Bibliography (8)1IntroductionWhat is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words,longer the words the better. That’s wrong. Language is f or the exchange of ideas, for communication.Use all your senses to learn English. You must hear English, read English, touc h English, smell English, and taste English. Feel English with your heart. Immerse y ourself in this language. Begin to think in English.Nowadays, most people know English is very useful. As an international language English is an important tool to communicate with different people in different countries. With developing of the modern society, and the improvement of transportation and communication tools, the world has become a global village in the 21st Century. There is no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign language. People study oral English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness. Paying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming of Chinese English (especially Chinese oral English) is that Chinese students tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral English is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. And most of such phrases are made of small words. Oral English has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing and reading may make oral English precise and accurate.I have not so many chances to practice my oral English in my class so that I should create the environment of learning English by myself. Sometimes I read a novel, after the read I will make a dialogue, although it is really weird. Certainly, I am not crazy about doing that. It is only at some spare time or boring time that I will practice what I mentioned above. I do not belong to that kind of person who is not taking others' opinion into consideration, so I won't speak out in English when there are many people around me just for practicing.At pressure time, reading wonderful novels and some beautiful expressions, sentences structures, and learn from people’s different views toward life is a good method , sometimes reading some not-so-well-written articles not only because we can try our best to find the mistakes which are made in the article. At the same time, we also can make sure that we won't make the same mistakes in the future, alsobecause we can gain some very particular viewpoints toward the society and diverse experience of people’s life.Color words contain a lot of deep meanings, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we take into account the impact of cultural differences, we will have a better understanding of the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable us have a proper way to face with the color words, in order to enhance communication skills and avoid conflict of different cultures.2The Significance of Oral EnglishMaybe people don’t know other languages, but it is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport. If you know English, you can travel all around the world. Many people traveling from one country to another use English to talk with others. A lot of ships on the oceans call for help by radio in it. According to the recent report, about 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail use English. At international sports meets, English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used. With the ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, speaking is the most practical and useful method which one tends to be the weakest one of the majority of English learners. Because the time is limited, learning English at school, either to the students or to other social groups, the improvement of oral English is close-linked to daily life. Apart from theoretical knowledge, English learners should put emphasis on the oral training under the lead of the system. The social need of English language professionals increase greatly. Therefore, how to improve oral English seems to be a big problem that learners need to address.2.1English generally impacts our lifeWith the developing of society, we can see the English words everywhere. Whenever we go there are a lot of billboards are wrote in English. Foe example, we can see the toilet in public which wrote in English use “WC”. In the street, some clothes’ brands wrote by “Nike” “Adidas” and so on. There also have so many shops’ name like “KFC” “XXX Hotel”. With the launch Expo, more and more foreigners come to China, people learn English so that they can express their friendly. So it is very important for us to lean Oral English well. We can talk with foreigners and introduce Chinese history for them.2.2English generally impacts our productionNowadays, a lot of factories produce the goods to seal to the foreign country. They must ask some people who understand the English to search the people in the foreign country want to import their goods. Just like foreign tread. People not do the business in their own country any more. It is a good way to expand their business. And at the same time they can earn the both win.3The Present Situation of College S tudents’ Oral English LearningAs we all know, there are four skills in English study, namely, listening, speaking, reading and writing. And they are so closely related to one another. Now most of the students do better in reading and writing English than in listening and speaking. They can read and write, but most of them have some troubles to communicate. They can hardly express themselves with their own words. The purpose of school English teaching is to improve the students with these four skills. Large vocabulary and good grammar are the base of the necessary phonetics. But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to let students be able to use the language freely.Chinese students study English from primary school, some even from the kinder-garden. Through middle school to university, teachers and students have paid enormous painstaking care, but English teaching just cultivates the students who are suitable to take the exam and written English. At present, the phenomenon of “deaf English, dumb English” is still serious, there are still many university students whose oral English is poor although they have passed CET-4 or CET-6. Some are poor in sp eaking, some in listening, while some in both. They can’t express themselves fluently and they do not know how to.3.1The present situation3.1.1Lack of a good English environmentFor the impatient learners who would like to build Rome over night. Find a native language environment and live in such surroundings for two or three years and your English will naturally improve. But how can this be possible for the mass of learners who have absolutely no such access? Without any question, English environment is very important for the students to learn foreign language, but most Chinese students lack such good environment. They are learning English in a Chinese environment. At the same time, the English that we have learnt is traditional English, but native English speakers, they say Idiomatic English is in their daily life.3.1.2Lack of diligenceSome students don’t like learn English because some of them are not have a good foundation. So they don’t want to listen to the teacher in the class. A lot of English teachers are no t lively when they talk to their students so that they can’t attract them successfully. Of course, the most important reason is that the students are not work heard enough. Some time, they always pick flaws from their teachers, but never find their own mis takes. When they can’t finish the homework they complain their teacher,, they think the homework is so heard that they can’t finishit. They always complain the English words are so long that they can’t remember them.3.1.3Lack of a good wayStudents learn Eng lish in the class and follow the teachers’ methods to learn. It is not enough. We should find a way that is fit for us. Everyone has his own opinion and others’ are not suitable for you necessarily. There are so many ways to lean English well that you can choose some of them which are fit for you.3.2College students’ problems in oral English learningStudents are afraid of speaking out. Everybody hopes he can speak fluently English. But they are afraid of making mistakes when they speak English and being laughed at by the other people. Therefore they have no courage to speak. We need overcome our fear and speak loudly. Don’t worry about the mistakes. Some students repeat single sentences and cannot be process of leaving oral English. For example, if someone be asked: “How are you?” most of students, even some college students will answer: “Fine. Thank you. And you?” In fact, there are many ways to answer this question, just like: “Terrific”, “Good”, “Not bad” and so on. So try to express one meaning in various ways.As a student who has learned English so many years, we have lost a lot of time to remember the words seriously. We just learn them and use them and then we forget them. It is not that they don't know how to use the word to express but they have no idea about which word should be chosen to make their expressions more profound sometimes. The reason is that so many words we have learned and so many means the worlds have. It is self-evident that the process of picking up the ideal word will take some time and another topic will appear, in the other side and certainly the perfect word you choose has no chance of presenting itself. At this rate, the process of picking up the ideal word will repeat all the time. After one round of conversation, you seldom get the chance to practice oral English.4The Ways to Learn Oral English Well4.1Through English moviesMany famous lingual masters put forward that watching original movies is the best way to learn diomatic English. The master who made a deep study of Chinese-English/ translation and the literature of British and U.S mentioned that in order to strengthen the abilities of speaking and listening, he often stays at home watching original movies. The literature who served as professor of foreign languages at Taiwan University, in his diary he wrote that he got a great deal by watching original movies. Their experiences have showed that watching original movies is the most lively and efficient approach to improve oral English.But how can the masters improve their oral English though movies? The principles of selecting a suitable film for learning are very important. The movie materials’ selection is significant in English learning. There are also many different kinds of films, like comedy, tragedy, science fiction, thriller, documentary, etc. Although there are various kinds of movies, not everyone can be adopted as learning material, and what kind of films is suitable for learning is the key question for learners. Selecting a suitable film is very important for a learner to improve our oral English. However, some modern campus films, love story films, comedy films are good choice, because movies must be quite close to the modern society, so it is the key of choosing movies. When watching this kind of films, you should pay your attention to the films on what, who, where, when, how, why questions on the film.Certainly, there are different levels of students’ proficiency in college. Generally, according to their level of proficiency of English, students can be divided into three groups: elementary, intermediate, advanced. According to their level, students can choose the films that suit for them. They study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, accuracy, and appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.4.2Practice English with friendsRecently I find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place where we may exchange English study experience. If English partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves. They will come up with your problems when you make the mistakes. And if you can’t understand it you al so can ask them for help.4.3Retelling the textsRetelling the texts is very helpful for improving oral English. It is also can improve students' ability of oral expression. We can do some reading before we have the class, listen carefully and do some marks at the same time. Then we can have a try to repeat the story after the class. We must remember repeat it clearly, confidence and fluency.4.4Expand vocabularyNowadays quite a lot of students still memorize English vocabulary by combing letters, even by marking Chinese pronunciation, which emphasis on spelling isolated letters. Obviously it is useless, also have endless disadvantages. For example, we will reducing passion, killing enthusiasm, etc. As a result, more and more students begin hating English. That is to say, difficulties in memorizing English vocabulary become the biggest barrier in English learning.According to this, since vocabulary is a symbol of the gift of tongues, it is necessary for English learners to grasp the general procedures of memorizing English vocabulary in order to enlarge our English vocabulary efficiently. Thus, we have to raise our awareness of the importance of memorizing vocabulary.So it is necessary for English learners to grasp the general procedures of memorizing English vocabulary in order to enlarge our English vocabulary efficiently. We have a number of choices for encountering new vocabulary. We may find out new vocabulary, either by way of parenthesis or by design. And after coming across and identifying new vocabulary, we usually do not consciously make efforts to recognize them, we may guess or analyze the meanings of the vocabulary through any morphological elements that we have seen before, and associate or create an image of the new vocabulary from sound or form. However, as human beings, our capacity of memory is limited. What is more, our time to memorize vocabulary is limited as well. That is to say, we cannot memorize all the vocabulary that we come across. As a result, we ought to have a selection before we memorize them. Thus, we can classify vocabulary into three levels, and then memorize them according to different situations and demands.4.5Learn how to use the idiomsThe idiom is not easy to learn, easy to understand the confusion . People can properly use English idioms when we communicate with foreigners, they will immediately feel warm and love to communicate with you. So, maybe you know idioms each word, but put them together, you do not know what the meanings of them are.4.6Listening in English classroomHow to improve listening comprehension in a simulative setting has always been a problem which challenged English teachers. Teaching in target language, of course, is the most direct way. In so many ways teachers become the language model for students to learn from. They have to ensure that in class students are given enough authentic materials and practical chances. There are many factors affecting students’ listening comprehension. Listening comprehension is a complicated processing. “Interest is the best teacher”. First of all, teacher should arouse the students’interest in English listening, create an active atmosphere for students. Of course students’ oral English will improve at the same time when we having listening.5ConclusionAs English becomes more and more important in our daily life, oral English is the key to communicate with people who come from different countries. So it is quite important to learn oral English well .People who live in the earth can go to theplace which they can arrive at. With the development of economic, people between different countries communicate widely. English has became the most populous and useful language. But for different people, they use different ways to learn the English. The present situation is difficult. Some of them can’t improve oral English because of cowardly fear, they worried that they will speak wrong. So give yourself some confidence and don’t be shy, please take it easy. Sometimes we should create a good environment for ourselves. Take the better ways to learn Oral English from our friends. Practice English everywhere. When we speak to people, we also can get some valuable experience from them. If you can stick to use this method and do it by you interest, I believe that not before long, the lever of your spoken English will certainly be improved. Generally speaking, English is much more important than any other language. It has become the global language. As a matter of fact, there are more than ten countries speak English, for example, Canada, Australia, England and so on. They’re all developed countries. They lead the world’s development. It’s the main reason that English can make so great effort. I f we don’t have enough English knowledge, we would fall behind others. So we should spend much time on learning English.Whatever your specific goal in English learning may be, please speak out, persistence is always the ultimate key to reaching success. Conquer your loneliness! Conquer your shyness! Conquer your laziness! If you persist long enough you will win!Bibliography[1] Niu, Daosheng. English And China [M ].北京:中国科学社会出版社,2001.[2] Su, Xiulin. English Movie and English Study [A].福建省外国语文学会2002年会论文集[C ], 2002.[3] Ye, Huajing. English Reading Skills and Practice [M]. 上海:高等教育出版,2002.[4] Zhou,Chan. Comprehensive English Movie Scripts (Book1, Book2)[M].广州:中国广州经济出版社，2001.[5] 包延军. 无障碍大学英语阅读理解[M].北京:国际文化出版社,2002.[6] 邓炎昌,刘润清. 语言与文化[M ]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2004.[7] 杜学增. 学习的英语方法和技能[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.[8] 克拉姆契.语言与文化[M ]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2000[9]利特尔伍德.外语与第二语言学习[M ].武汉：外语教学与研究出版社,2000.[10]饶成康.谈英语影视教学[J]. 四川：四川教育学院学报, 2003.。
如何提高中学生的英语口语能力论文
如何提高中学生的英语口语能力论文如何提高中学生的英语口语能力论文摘要：随着英语在国际上的地位越来越重要, 英语口语交际能力和英语口语学习的地位也随之水涨船高。
近年来, 我国在英语教育上进行了很大的变革和发展, 提高了教学质量, 但是中学英语的口语教育仍然在教学过程中存在很多问题和阻碍, 没有得到应有的重视。
关键词：中学英语教学; 中学生; 口语能力培养;一.中学英语教学中学生口语能力提高存在的困难(一) 学习英语的环境不够理想学习语言是人类的本能, 因为人类需要交流, 现在人类对语言的学习已经逐渐习惯了上文提到的规律, 但是却忽略了英语学习也应该遵循规律。
国内学习英语的情况和顺序存在很大的问题, 在我们还不知道怎么读的时候却已经开始学习语法和拼写, 而且我们对英语的使用也仅仅局限于课堂上那几句公式化的句子。
这种违背语言学习规律的方法一定会给我们的英语学习带来很大的障碍和困难, 比如容易遗忘语法, 英语的运用不灵活, 重音和停顿带有明显的地方特色以及单词的拼写不准确。
发音也仅仅局限在常用的单词, 对句子的朗读和使用就更加有问题, 整个句子的语调无法掌握, 不知道该在哪停顿和断句。
中学生学习英语的时候没有他们学习母语的环境, 而且在他们已经习惯于汉语的结构和语法后, 学习英语难免会受到汉语的影响, 同时解除英语的机会也只有学校安排的英语课, 在课外还是继续使用汉语交流, 没有英语学习的气氛, 也不能得到有效的使用和巩固, 英语考试还是更注重书面英语的笔试方式, 这就导致了中学生在英语口语的学习和使用上困难重重。
中学对英语口语的教育采用的是“填鸭式”的传统语法翻译的方法, 听力测试对学生口语的提升十分有限, 这种英语的教学方式无异于“哑巴英语”, 重点仍然集中在书面英语和笔试上, 实际运用能力得不到很好的锻炼, 不能和外国友人进行流畅的交流。
这种现象发生的原因来源于学生背单词的时候采用的方式不对, 他们记的不是单词的读音而是单词的字母是如何排列, 每天使用的都是书面英语而不是口语英语, 我们不难发现在中学中可能学生们的阅读能力都比较好, 但是一旦转移到口语时就力不从心, 这种方式很难让英语学习得到很好的效果。
口语能力培养方法英语作文
口语能力培养方法英语作文英文回答：Oral communication is a vital aspect of human interaction, enabling us to express ourselves, exchange ideas, and build relationships. Developing strong oral communication skills requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses various strategies and techniques.1. Active Listening:Active listening is the foundation of effective oral communication. It involves paying full attention to the speaker, understanding their message, and responding appropriately. Practice active listening by:Maintaining eye contact and nodding to show engagement.Asking clarifying questions to ensure understanding.Summarizing the speaker's points to demonstrate comprehension.2. Clarity and Conciseness:Clear and concise speech is essential for effective communication. Avoid using vague language or excessive jargon. Instead, use specific examples and concise sentences to convey your message. Practice clarity by:Organizing your thoughts and ideas logically.Using simple and straightforward language.Limiting your sentences to a manageable length.3. Vocal Delivery:The way you deliver your speech can significantly impact the effectiveness of your communication. Pay attention to:Volume: Speak at an appropriate volume that can be easily heard.Pace: Maintain a steady and clear pace of speech.Articulation: Pronounce words clearly and distinctly.Intonation: Use appropriate intonation to convey meaning and express emotions.4. Body Language:Body language plays a crucial role in conveying your message. Be aware of:Posture: Stand or sit in an upright and confident position.Gestures: Use gestures to emphasize your points and engage the audience.Eye contact: Maintain eye contact with your listenersto show engagement and connection.5. Skill Development:Developing oral communication skills requires consistent practice and refinement. Join a public speaking club, participate in group discussions, or present to a small audience. These opportunities provide a supportive environment to practice and improve your skills.中文回答：培养口语能力的方法。
初中英语教学中口语能力培养论文
刍议初中英语教学中口语能力的培养口语能力是英语教学中的重要内容，也是衡量学生英语水平的重要指标。
恰当运用英语进行自由流畅的表达是英语学习的目标，更是学生英语能力的重要体现。
因此，英语教学中强化英语口语能力的教学，不仅可以激活学生英语表达思维和语言感知能力，更可培养学生运用语言、学以致用的本领。
本文根据我的教学实践，和同行探讨初中英语教学中口语能力的培养。
一、强化听力，引导以听带说，提高表达能力语言类学科“听”和“说”是学习的前提和基础，特别是英语学科，没有足够的“听”，学生缺少必要的语汇和语感的输入，是不可能学好英语的。
因此在平常的教学中，无论是课内还是课外，教师都应该创造机会，让每一个学生尽可能地接触各种“听”的材料，比如英语原声电影、课文的录音、英语歌曲等，让学生在“听”和“看”的过程中，跟着模仿或者反复诵读，使学生养成良好的发音习惯，语法知识和语汇量同时得到大幅提升。
如在教学七年级上册第一单元“this is me”时，为了激发同学们敞开胸怀，运用英语尽情表达和介绍自己的热情，我在教学中通过播放音乐“auld lang syne”来营造一种亲切友好的气氛，从而激发他们相互了解和表达自我的愿望。
在乐曲播放完毕后，我结合课文内容，要求各位同学以“meeting my new friends”为题，自由表达，在此过程中，特别注意口语中的关联词语、核心词汇等的运用。
此外，针对日常生活中经常用到的一些口语表达，我特地将学生分成若干小组，针对课文内容，让学生模仿“how old is mille？”“what does simon do after school？”“what is amy good at？”等问题再相互提问，不断提高他们的口语能力。
二、用好教材，培养学生的语言交流，创设交际情境相对以往的教材体系，牛津英语注重“话题、任务”的主题。
因此，教材内容的选取应紧密结合社会生活和学生实际。
在平时的教学中，教师应该充分研究教材，挖掘教材本身隐含的语言交流资源，让学生有充分表达的机会。
高中学生英语口语交际能力培养论文
浅谈高中学生英语口语交际能力的培养学生英语的素质,是学生听、说、读、写能力的综合表现。
而现在新课程的要求将“口语表达”与“交际能力”连在一起,这就强调了口语的实用价值和功利性。
当代的中学生今后不可避免地面临激烈的竞争,而竞争中,英语口语交际能力的高低直接影响着自己能否适应新的社会的发展,其作用非同一般。
为了使学生以后在社会中能有一个很好的英语口语交际能力,英语教学中必须将“英语口语交际”凸显出来。
如何培养提高学生的英语口语交际能力呢?笔者认为要从以下几个方面入手:一、采取循序渐进的教学原则从目前中学生总体的情况来看,绝大多数的学生英语口头表达能力极差,要想从根本上改变这种状况,必须从口语表达的基本训练开始。
对很多学生来说,不会发音是防碍他们开口用英语交际的一大障碍,因此,坚持不懈地进行发音训练是英语口语训练的首要任务。
在口语训练的基础上,对于学生进行英语口语交际训练,要结合课本,遵循循近渐进的原则。
我在教学中做了这样的尝试:第一步是朗读,基本上是训练学生对课文进行准确、清晰、流畅地诵读,为以后能够准确、清晰、流畅地进行口语表达打下基础。
第二步是复述、口头评论和交谈。
复述是在理解和记忆的基础上,对原文进行概括并用自己的语言表达出来。
这样一方面训练了学生的概括能力,另一方面可以让学生发表自己的见解,使其逐步摆脱对课本的依赖。
第三步是演讲和辩论。
这是口语交际训练的最高阶段。
它需要在第一、二阶段达下坚实的基础。
事实上,口语交际训练的三步是互相衔街的,一脉相传的,只有循序渐进,方能水到渠成。
二、教师为主导,学生为主体,导学结合俗话说:师傅领进门,修行在个人,英语口语教学目的在于培养和提高学生的英语口头表达能力。
这一能力的获得与否,关键在学生自身,教师无法包办代替。
在这一教学过程中,教师的主导作用在与“领进门”,是“授之以渔”。
学生必须用心消化吸收,使之成为自身的养分,真正“得之以鱼”。
这就要求英语口语训练要采用以教师为主导,学生为主体,导练结合的训练方法。
how to improve students’ oral english ability 如何提高学生的英语口语能力大学论文
How to Improve Students’ Oral English Ability1. IntroductionWith China‟ entry into the WTO and successful bid for the Olympic Games in 2008, Chinese people will inevitably have much more contacts with people all over the world. Therefore, there is clearly a need for learners to speak and interact in various situations through English. As we all know, ever since, or even before the opening-up policy and the reform of China, Chinese students have studied English language for a considerable long time, and great achievements for teaching and learning English have been seen everywhere in schools, but for some reason or another, the oral English ability of the Chinese students is always an inferiority to their other abilities and skills. From many teachers‟ p ractice, we have discovered that the majority of students, equipped with large vocabulary and adequate grammatical knowledge, still cannot communicate appropriately and fluently with native English speakers or non-native English speakers. Therefore, how can we help students enhance their oral English ability to a higher degree? In which way can we achieve a better effectiveness in oral English course for students?In modern society English teaching in China usually starts in the junior middle school; in many large cities it begins in the upper elementary school, even earlier in the nursery. However, even the most diligent students with the most responsible teachers often can‟t achieve correct pronunciation, stress and intonation, let alone the ability to speak and understand English in their life and things. Why is the situation that serious? That is because: first, most teachers in the classroom use their mother tongue to explain grammar and vocabulary in the text and then translate the whole text in Chinese; second, the students are asked to spend a lot of time listening to detailed explanations of the structure of language in the text, and engaging in dull and de-contextualized pattern drills. Most of them are rather passive in their study and having been used to being fed with various kinds of language knowledge, and few of them have ever had an opportunity to practice oral English. Furthermore, most of the students know little about western cultures. English language learning in Chinese environment becomes a rather daunting and tedious task. This kind of teaching method is very useful for passing written exams and translation work, but in a long run it is less useful for students to speak it in daily life. The old-fashioned translation and grammar-rule methods are extremely wasteful and inefficient, for students are actually encouraged to make mistakes: they are asked to perform skills before they are adequately prepared. Teachers who use such methods unwittingly create the very problems they seek to avoid. At some point in the course their students inevitably become incapable of going on: they have to go back. They have become remedial students and teachers are faced with the problem of remedying what has been incorrectly learnt. No approach could be more ineffective, wasteful and inefficient.In order to know better about the condition of oral English abilities using by school students, the writer performed an investigation on that. The survey was carried out in a middle school. All together 60 students answered the questions and all the questionnaires were taken back successfully.Table: self-evaluation of the strongest and poorest English skillsstrongest among the four aspects and 30% of them evaluate their skills, and speaking and writing are considered as productive skills. Students don‟t have an optimistic attitude towards their productive skills. And it reflects the teaching focus is still put on reading ability.From the questionnaire, we can draw conclusions as follows:First, students should pay more attention to their oral English ability. A majority of them have a poor speaking ability. They must recognize that spoken English is essential for communication.Second, students have a strong ability of reading. So the teaching focus should be put on speaking ability.Above all, teachers are required not only to help students become efficient readers but also to improve their oral English ability. So the first step is to get some ideas about how students study it and find put the problems they meet.2. Deficiencies in the Students‟ Oral English Learning2.1 Problems on the Teachers2.1.1 Teachers‟ Lack of StrategiesWith the growing importance of English as an international language of communication, English teaching, esp. oral English teaching has drawn more and more attention from the society. But for many years in China, most middle school student desire to go to the university. So in many classroom courses most teachers emphasize wholly on the students‟ reading and writing ability, lots of students cannot even achieve correct pronunciation, stress and intonation, let alone express themselves clearly and fluently in English after spending three years in English classroom. “Deaf and mute English” has become the popular phenomenon in China‟s English language teaching. The traditional teacher-centered, examination-oriented, grammar-based, vocabulary- based classroom teaching and learning can be seen everywhere in China. Teachers are very skillful in explaining grammar rules, sentence structures and words in details, while the students are very passive in taking down notes and memorizing what their teachers ask them to recite. Few opportunities have been given to thestudents for meaningful practice. As a result, students are clear with the usage of grammar rules and words isolatingly, but are weak in using then in real communication, which is deviated far away from the goal of learning English.So far, most Chinese students learn English from their teachers in the classroom. That is to say, the teachers and the classroom play a very important role in the process of English teaching-and-learning. So in order to change the present situation of learning English in school, the teachers must apply some effective teaching strategies into their classroom in order to encourage the students to talk.Here are some useful strategies the teachers can use in the classroom:Advice-offering teaching strategy: which means, teachers don‟t criticize students‟ incomplete, awkward or even incorrect answers, but give good advice while they are speaking.Discussion teaching strategy: which means to ask some students to talk a topic in or after class to foster the personality of challenge and adventure and precise thinking.Question-asking teaching strategy: which is inevitable and frequently used by teachers in the process of teaching.Above all, t he major reason why the students‟ oral English ability is poor is because the language teachers lack teaching strategies. If teachers can use at least one or two strategies noted above, the students‟ oral English ability would be improved a lot.2.1.2 Teacher-centered ClassroomWe all know that teacher-centered activities used to dominate most of the class time in the oral English teaching and learning class. During the whole class, the teachers occupied most of the class time who did most of the work for their students: the students followed whatever the teachers read, copied whatever the teachers write, and recited whatever they were required to. This put the students in a very passive condition and they were not given any chance to perform orally what they had learnt from their teachers and the textbook in the class. So the teachers just focused on what they should teach according to the school curriculum without paying attention to the needs of the students. As a result, the students could only remember whatever the teacher said in the class, but couldn‟t use them properly in real conditions.2.1.3 Teachers‟ Roughly Tuned TalkRoughly tuned talk is language, which the teacher exposes to the students, and the students can more or less understand even though it is above their own productive level. The students cannot receive sufficient input since they do not live in English-speaking environment and most of them attend schools where English is taught as a curricular subject. So the teacher is a major source of roughly tuned input. The English teacher should provide a large amount of roughly-tuned information for the students according to the content of teaching in order to enlarge the amount ofinput, e.g. when teaching the text about shopping, the teacher should supplement some more words the students need in their daily life except the words in the text. Such as microwave ovens, VCD machines, digital cameras, tennis shoes, MP3 players, CD players, micro radios, mini-discs, computers, etc. When teaching the lesson about Christmas. E.g. how to decorate the Christmas tree, how to get ready for Christmas, who is Jesus Christ and who is Santa Claus. The supplementary language and cultural knowledge will make the class more interesting and lively. But it is worth pointing out that roughly tuned talk can only be presented at slightly beyond the students‟ current level and cannot lead to the students‟ frustration.2.2 Problems on the Students ThemselvesThe students and the teacher are two very important factors in the organizer. The teaching cannot success without their great efforts and the problems cannot arouse from one side. So the students also have some problems need to be solved. Here I just list two problems:2. 2. 1 Students‟ Lack of MotivationMany factors need to be taken into account, when we consider the qualities of a good learner, such as attitude, motivation, personality, anxiety, empathy and confidence. Among these, motivation is a decisive factor that cannot be neglected in English learning.Motivation is divided into two parts: extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation concerns factors from the external influences, such as, pressure, encouragement, rewards, teachers and parents, the learning atmosphere and punishment, etc, whi le intrinsic motivation refers to one‟s positive attitude, desire for learning, interest.In my opinion, most of the students are lacking in intrinsic motivation to speak their oral English because ever since the reform in China, Chinese students have learned English for a considerably long time, and great achievements can be seen everywhere in consequence. But for a long time, under the pressure of entering university examination, school students only take English as one of the major subjects for entering the university, thus they overlook the real goal for learning a foreign language. In order to become a university student, both teachers and students are busy doing a lot of everyday examinations. They have no time, no energy, no environment and even no motivation and interest to practice their oral English. They depend too much on the teacher. They pay too much attention to the examinations, or to getting teachers‟ and parents‟ praise, to avoiding failures or losing face. Many students don‟t know the other use of learning a language. That is why they just follow the teachers‟ directions without their own goal.According to this view, motivation involves the interest and maintenance of curiosity. Therefore, for these students, the major role of the teacher is to arouse and maintain their curiosity and interest, which can push them to get involved in the classroom interaction.2.2.2 Students‟ Shyness and Negative Self-imageA prominent characteristic of some English learners is shyness and negative self-image. These students seldom initiate a conversation or discussion with the teacher or other students, because they don‟t like to take risks, which is crucial to rapid progress in language learning. According to Goffman, it seems that one of their major concer ns for them is not to lose face in class, either the “positive face”, that is “their need to be appreciated by others”, or, the “negative face”, that is, “their freedom from interference by others”. For them, not being able to continue speaking fluently is a threat to one‟s positive face, but asking for help may be viewed as a threat to one‟s negative face. Shyness deprives students of their opportunities to practice speaking English in class. Furthermore, it leads to increased inhibition. Thus students tend to obtain less input and to make less effective use of the input they do obtain. Shyness and inhibition do have a negative effect on improving oral English ability. For these students, if the teacher is too eager to push them into classroom interaction when they are not ready yet, they will be even shyer and refuse to participate in class activities. What‟s worse, some students will be on guard against the teacher. So the teacher should instill “willingness to communication” into students step by step, help them to realize they can get more if they open their mouths and encourage them to express themselves without being frustrated by the mistakes they make.In some cases, some students are not successful in language learning due to their negative self-image. Once a student forms a certain self-image of himself, he will act upon it just as if it were true. For example, if he conceives himself to be a “failure language learner”, he will lose confidence in himself, and he will find some way to fail, in spite of all his good intentions. And his failure will further strengthen his negative self-image. Thus, he is involved in a various cycle. The students with unsuccessful self-image are passive and difficult to inspire. Therefore, the teacher should shoulder the responsibility of helping build up their self-confidence and form passive self-image. If the teacher could change these students‟ self-image, their attitude toward the language learning would change accordingly. They will become active in classroom, even if they have difficulty expressing their ideas, they won‟t give up and will try again.2.2.3 Students‟ Lack of StrategiesLearning strategies are the specific procedures that learners use with individual learning tasks. When confronted with a classroom-learning task, students can choose several different ways of completing the task. Each of these choices or strategies offers particular advantages or disadvantages, and the use of an appropriate learning strategy can enhance success with the learning task. Therefore, an important aspect of teaching is to promote learners‟ awareness and control of effective learning strategies and discourage the use of ineffective one.Oxford defines learning strategies as “specific actions used by the learners to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, and moretransferable to new situations.” She suggests that language-learning strategies have the following features:a. They contribute to the main goal, oral English ability.b. They allow learners to become more self-directed.c. They involve many aspects of the learner, not just the cognitive.d. They support learning both directly and indirectly.e. They are specific actions taken by the learner.f. They are often conscious.She also suggests that there are three major styles of strategies used by learners, which can contribute directly or indirectly to language learning. The first style is memory strategies, which help students to store and retrieve information including creating mental linkages (for example, placing new words into a context), applying images and sound (for example, representing sounds in memory), reviewing well (for example, structured reviewing) and employing action (for example, using physical response or sensation).The second is cognitive strategies. These include practicing (for example, using formulas and patterns), receiving and sending messages (for example, focusing on the main idea of a message), analyzing and reasoning (for example, analyzing expressions) , creating structure for input and output ( for example , taking notes ) .The third is social strategies. These refer to the activities that learners use in an attempt to increase their exposure to the language, such as, asking questions (for example, asking for clarification or verification), cooperating with others (for example, cooperating with proficient users of the new language) and empathizing with others (for example, developing cultural understanding)Study of successful and unsuccessful learners shows that people who succeed in learning have developed a range of strategies form which they are able to select those that are most appropriate for a particular problem, to adapt level of success. Obviously, to improve the students‟ oral En glish ability, at least we should teach the students to use certain strategies in the classroom learning.2.3 Other Negative Factors2.3.1 Large Number of Students in One ClassroomBesides the teachers‟ focus on the entry examination, large number of stud ents in one classroom is another obstacle to hinder the students from practicing oral English well. The ultimate goal of most English language classes would be enable the students can speak fluently in oral English in class, they will communicate effectively outside the classroom. In order to reach this goal, the students need a lot of time and opportunities to practice in the class, and if with a group of 15-20motivated students, you can easily work towards that goal, but today in many language classes, the largenumber of students (often over 60, or even reach 80) in one class makes this goal; to be very difficult or impossible to reach, and the teachers‟ have no power to change the situation.2.3.4 Time LimitationTime limitation is another problem in gai ning and developing the students‟ oral English ability. According to the junior school English course syllabus, the students only have 45 hours English classes, with heavy tasks such as language points, grammar rules, sentence structures, words, and heavier tasks such as homework, test papers, and compositions to finish after class. Time is really insufficient both in and outside the class. So they have no time to practice their oral English.2.3.3 Focus on Some Kinds of ExaminationOral English ability in most schools has been neglected because English is learned in order to pass all kinds of examinations and oral text is not a must in the national exams. So under the pressure and the challenge of entry examination, most language teachers have to focus on the examination. The teachers and students focus too much on reading and writing, and too little on speaking and listening. What‟s more, up to now, there is not a way found to test learners‟ reading ability to use English orally. Thus they have no motivation, no interests, and no time to do that. Thus they overlook, or even give up their trying of developing the students‟ oral English ability.2.3.4 Cultural ProblemsCulture is a mental construct, a conceptual network that evolves within a group to provide a manageable organization of reality. It will involve ideas, beliefs, customs, and skills and so forth, so it is inevitable to language. It is absolutely necessary for the language teacher to introduce cultural knowledge of the target language to students to let them learn more about the tradition and cultural background as well as linguistic features. Only in this way can students‟ oral English ability be really enhanced and can they express their ideas more idiomatically and appropriately. True cultural understanding means an appreciation of basically different attitudes and values, which are reflected in things people do. Therefore, every time the textbook or the teacher mentions a word or describes or refers to something that the Chinese student does not understand culturally or misunderstands because its cultural content differ from his native patterns, there is immediate need to deal with the cultural difference involved. In the process of teaching or learning oral English, understanding cultural contents is much more important.3. Suggestions for Improving and Developing the Students‟ Oral English Ability3.1 Teachers‟ Roles in the Oral English LearningThough it is ultimately up to the learners, whether they participate willingly, reluctantly, or not at all and though whether or not an activity is experienced an activity communicatively by the students depends on the attitudes each individualparticipant adopts as learners, the role of the teacher can‟t be ignored as far as the nature of the oral participation is concerned. Because teachers can provide the necessary conditions, that is, they can arrange for native speakers to visit the class, they can create access to the target language milieu, or they can offer other opportunities for language use. In the most general terms, he is, as in any other classrooms, to provide the best conditions for language learning.The role of the teacher in the most general terms is a means to an end; it is an instrument to see that learning takes place. But actually language teachers have their specific roles to play at different stages of the learning process.a. The presentation stage, the teacher as an informantAt this stage, the teacher‟s main job is to serve as a kind of informant. He knows the language; he selects the new material to be learnt and presents it in such a way as to make its meaning as clear as possible. The students listen and try to understand. They do little talking, perhaps, though they are by no means passive. At this point, then, the teacher holds the stage, as it is. It is, unfortunately, a role that teachers sometimes prolong unduly in their lessons, so that the students do not get enough time to practice the language themselves.b. The practice stage, the teacher as a conductorAt this stage, it is the turn of the students to do most of the talking while the teacher‟s main function is to provide them with the maximum amount of practice, which must at the same time be both meaningful and memorable. The teacher‟s role is now radically different from that at the presentation stage: He does the minimum amount of talking himself. He becomes more like the skilful conductor of an orchestra, drawing the music out of the performers, giving each a chance to participate.c. The production stage, the teacher as a guideIt is a pity that many teachers often ignore this stage. They feel that they have done their job well if they have presented the new material effectively and given their students adequate, though perhaps controlled practice in it. All the same, no real learning can be assumed to have taken place until the students are able to use the language for themselves. At any level of attainment they need to be given regular and frequent opportunities to use the language freely, even if they sometimes make mistakes as a result. It is not that mistakes do not matter, but rather that free expression matters much more, and the greatest mistake the teacher can make is to hold this student back. For it is through these opportunities to use the language as they wish, to try to express their own ideas, that the students become aware that they learn something useful to them, and are encouraged to go on learning—— perhaps the most vital factor of all in keeping learning alive. In providing the students with activities for free expression and in discreetly watching over them as they carry them out, the teacher takes on the role of guide and adviser.3.2 Teachers‟ Responsibilities3.2.1 The Teacher Should Have Good Knowledge of Certain LanguageIn the classroom, students may ask many questions on the language and beyond the language. A teacher must improve his language level constantly so as to meet the demands of the students and the society.The objective of language teaching is not only to let students master the language expressions, but also to let them understand the connotations of each language unit, especially the differences between the two countries so as to improve students‟ cultural awareness and competence in cross-cultural communication. All these requirea language teacher to have more knowledge in the language field.3.2.2 The Teacher Should Provide Proper Condition for Students‟ Learning and Stimulating Students‟ Interest in Learning“Motivation” says Jeremy Harmer, “is some kind of internal drive that encourages somebody to pursue a course of action. If we perceive a goal and that goal is sufficiently attractive, we will be strongly motivated to do whatever is necessary to reach that goal ”(Harmer, 1983). Teachers who want to be successful in teac hing should have this quotation in mind when planning lessons to encourage themselves and their students.The first thing is to find out what students‟ interests are and what motivate them to choose English as a second language to study .We can still encourage them to learn English if we offer them attractive goals and if they are aware they are improving their English. The teacher must provide the proper conditions for learning and must stimulate the students‟ interest in learning. It is important that the students know from the very beginning what the teacher wants them to achieve by the end of the course. The teacher and students together must have the same goal and work toward its accomplishment.3.2.3 The Teacher Should Build a Good Relationship with StudentsAll the students prefer good relationship between students and the teacher. Good teacher-student relationship can promote classroom interaction and classroom communication. It can bring into full play the initiative of students. So the teacher should exchange with the students after class, asking for advisable suggestions to the oral English class. Once the students establish agreeable relationship with the teacher, they will show great enthusiasm and give full cooperation in class.3.2.4 The Teacher Should Help Students Establish Their Confidence in ClassBecause oral English is spontaneous and natural, only confident students will respond actively and participate enthusiastically. So the teacher should take every opportunity to give encouragement and praise to students who are making a real effort and not just to those who are most successful, because teacher‟s praise and encouragement will enable the students to be more confident and more active in class3.2.5 The Teacher Should Create a Good Classroom AtmosphereAll the students hope the teacher can create a warm and friendly classroom atmosphere under which learning can better take place. In a light, warm and friendly classroom atmosphere, the students will feel more relaxed, because they feel they are in such a natural environment that participation in the classroom interaction is just like involvement in everyday communication with their classmates or the teacher. And whatever promotes students‟ participation in a relaxed and enthusiastic atmosphere will advance the classroom interaction that is essential to successful language learning, especially for oral English improving. For interaction, there must be a warm, light and friendly atmosphere, which gives a sense of security and encourages active participation. So the students can be expected to speak more in class. Otherwise, students will be troubled by uneasiness, anxiety, inhibition and frustration, so they only contribute very little in the classroom interaction.3.3 Good Students‟ Character istics in the Oral English LearningMany factors need to be taken into account when considering the qualities of good learners. For example, what are their backgrounds and their past learning experiences? Why is one teaching method appropriate for student A but not for student B? Because each student brings a unique personality to the classroom, it is often difficult to assess the factors involved. However, there are still some characteristics they usually have:A willingness to listen: good learners listen to the English that is being used, soaking it up with eagerness and its intelligence.A willingness to experiment: good learners are not afraid to …have a go‟. They are prepared to take risks, to try things out and see how it works, of course, not all successful language learners are extroverts, but the urge to use the language (loudly or quietly) is an important one.A wiliness to ask questions: although some teachers can become irritated by students who are constantly asking difficult (and sometimes irrelevant) questions, good teachers frequently incite students to ask if they don‟t understand something or if they meet any difficulties in language learning.A willingness to think about how to learn: good learners bring or invent their own study skills when they come to lesson (and/or when they study on their own). They think about the best ways to improve their communicative ability. For example, they read books on cultural background, they listen to listening materials from different English accents and they try to talk with English-native speaker actively and so on.A willingness to accept correction: good learners are prepared to be corrected if it helps them. They are able to get feedback from the teacher and act upon what they are told. But this only works where teachers are able to offer constrictive criticism than castigating them for being wrong. Giving feedback involves praising students for things they do well, and offering them the ability to do things better where they are less successful.。
初中英语听说能力培养论文
初中英语听说能力培养论文【摘 要】初中英语的教学中有了许多语法的教学，这就成为一些教师重知识轻能力的理由，他们认为，初中英语不同于小学英语，要主要从知识输入下手，忽略了原本的语言学习的意义【关键词】 初中英语教学 听说能力 培养策略1. 培养听说能力在英语教学中的重要意义如今新课改提出对学生施行素质教育，但素质教育的全面开展需要一定的时间与条件，因此在这种还是应试教育的大环境下，学生的兴趣与学习英语的积极性被大大地扼杀，大部分学生只是在被动的求知，让这种有声语言死板的输入到脑中，只要能应付考试就行，根本就顾不上实际运用，反而认为这样培养只会浪费时间。
以上这种错误的观点当然有社会大环境的原因，但更重要的还是教师本身的认识与理念问题，语言从产生起就是有声语言，口头交际是人类交际活动最基本的形式，放长眼光，以后的国际形势需要的还是灵活运用语言的人才。
因此，在英语学习和教学过程中应以听说能力的培养为主，这对学生的发展有长远的影响。
2. 培养学生听说能力的基本策略2.1教师要重视口语教学教师要想深入提升学生听说能力，首先应从理念上对口语教学提起重视，必须进行简单的全英口语教学，刚开始，教师要放慢速度，声音大而清晰，并适时加以表情手势，努力让每一个学生都能听懂所说，同时用心观察学生反应，随时进行个性指导，并对表述较好或正确的学生进行及时鼓励。
在初中英语单词教学中，比如“black”的发音，可以利用“book，boy”中“b”的发音来引出，再如“hear from”单从单词上理解不对正确意思，这就可以用学过的同义词“receive”或”表达出来，这样学生既明白了意思，又复习了旧“get a letter from词，同时听的能力也随之提高了。
2.2每日口语与free talk英语的学习重点在兴趣，作为一种语言的学习，应在兴趣的引导下进行每天的练习，这样才能达到最好的学习英语的效果，每日英语或free talk的组织在这时就显得愈加重要。
提升口语的英文作文
提升口语的英文作文英文：Improving my spoken English has been a goal of mine for a while now. I believe that being able to speak fluently and confidently in English will open up many opportunities for me, both professionally and personally.To achieve this goal, I have been taking English classes and practicing with native speakers. I also try to watch English movies and TV shows, and listen to English podcasts and music. I find that immersing myself in the language is the best way to improve my speaking skills.One thing that has helped me a lot is learning common idioms and expressions. These are phrases that native speakers use all the time, but may not make sense if translated literally. For example, "break a leg" means "good luck" in English. Learning these idioms not only helps me understand native speakers better, but also makesme sound more natural when speaking.Another tip that I have found useful is to practice speaking in different situations. For example, I might practice ordering food at a restaurant, or asking for directions on the street. This helps me build confidence and prepares me for real-life situations where I need to speak English.Overall, improving my spoken English is a journey that requires consistent effort and practice. But I believe that the benefits are worth it, and I am committed to achieving my goal.中文：提升口语一直是我的目标。
口语能力英文作文
口语能力英文作文英文：Improving my spoken English has always been a goal of mine. I believe that having good oral communication skillsis essential for both personal and professional success. There are a few strategies that I have found helpful in developing my oral English skills.Firstly, I try to practice speaking English as much as possible. This means engaging in conversations with native English speakers, whether it's through language exchange programs, online forums, or even just striking up a conversation with a stranger. I find that the more I speak, the more confident and fluent I become.In addition to speaking with others, I also make aneffort to listen to English as much as possible. This includes watching English movies and TV shows, listening to English music, and even following English-speaking podcasts.By immersing myself in the language, I am able to pick up on the nuances of pronunciation, intonation, and colloquial expressions.Furthermore, I have found that practicing with tongue twisters and reading aloud can also be beneficial. These exercises help me to improve my pronunciation and enunciation, and they also serve as a fun way to challenge myself.Lastly, I try to incorporate idiomatic expressions and slang into my everyday speech. This not only helps me to sound more natural and native-like, but it also allows me to better understand and connect with English speakers on a cultural level.中文：提高口语能力一直以来都是我的一个目标。
如何提高英语口语作文范文
如何提高英语口语作文范文How to Improve English Oral ExpressionImproving English oral expression is a common goal for many learners. Here are some effective ways to enhance your speaking skills:First and foremost, consistent practice is key. Try to find opportunities to speak English as much as possible. This could involve having conversations with native speakers or fellow learners, joining English language clubs or discussion groups, or using language exchange apps.Another important aspect is to immerse yourself in an English-speaking environment. Watch English movies, TV shows, and listen to podcasts or music in English. This helps familiarize yourself with the flow and rhythm of the language.It's also beneficial to work on pronunciation. Focus on correct vowel and consonant sounds, and practice仿照the pronunciation of native speakers. Pay attention to stress, intonation, and rhythm.Reading aloud helps improve both pronunciation and fluency. Choose interesting articles or short stories and read them aloud. This not only enhances your oral skills but also expands your vocabulary.Don't be afraid to make mistakes. Embrace the learning process and be confident in your attempts. With practice and dedication, youcan significantly enhance your English oral expression. Remember, every step counts towards improvement.。
中学英语论文范文推荐(共2篇)
中学英语论文范文推荐（共2篇）篇一：如何提高中学生英语口语能力英语口语能力一直是中学生学习英语的重要部分，但事实上许多中学生在这方面存在较大的困惑。
有的学生虽然在听、写方面表现得不错，但是一到口语，就显得非常尴尬和紧张。
如何提高中学生的英语口语能力，成为一个需要着重研究、反思和探究的问题。
本文将讨论和提出一些可行的策略和方法。
首先，英语口语训练需要注重语言环境和实际应用。
中学生学习英语时，多数情况下是在课程和书本中接触英语。
因此在课外，重点突出实际语言环境帮助中学生习得口语。
例如听英语电影、电视、新闻等，实践英语口语的语言交流、发音、语调等各个方面。
另外，学生需要在日常生活中从英语入手，例如用英语叙述一些日常事物、环境以及感受，增加实践环节，使学生更好的掌握语感并提高口语流畅度。
其次，与英语语言的学习、习得和实际应用相关的学科也应该加强。
比如，让学生了解和学习一些英语国家的文化、历史，同时加强中英文差异的意识，以及英语语言发展历程等等，让学生更加深入的了解和掌握英语。
这不仅能让学生更好地理解英语语言的背景，同时也可以提高学生的语感，加强口语能力。
最后，多样化的口语学习方式可以给中学生带来新的口语学习体验。
这包括创造小组讨论的环境，与同学结伴互相模仿英语口音的训练，练习英语语音乐器的表达能力，以及课堂上加入一些游戏和小故事等方法。
通过多种学习方式，增强学生的兴趣和动机，让学生在轻松、愉快的氛围中提高口语能力。
总之，提高中学生英语口语能力是一个相对复杂的过程，需要依靠多种不同的方法和策略。
这些方法和策略必须与学生的语言环境相结合，并且需要多样化、灵活，充满趣味性、实践性和田野性，以此来保证学生能够在口语训练中取得最佳的效果。
篇二：为什么中学英语文化教育如此重要中学英语课程旨在使学生掌握英语语言基础知识并在交流中应用它们。
然而，中学英语教育不仅仅是语言教育，还包括文化教育，重要性不言自明。
本文将探讨中学英语文化教育的重要性和理由。
中学生英语口语能力培养论文
浅谈中学生英语口语能力的培养学习英语的重要性已是众所皆知。
随着社会生活的信息化和经济生活的全球化，我国对外开放的进程日益加快。
学习和掌握一门外国语，开展对外交流是对21世纪国民素质的基本要求。
但在实际生活中,由于对口语 ,听力训练不够,大部分高中毕业生.口语发音不准,说话不流利且听力太差,无法用英语进行交流。
因此培养好中学阶段学生的英语口语能力势在必行。
作为教师也只有不断地加强学习，提高自身素质，更新观念，掌握现代教育技术，运用灵活的教学方法，才能培养出全面发展的高素质人才。
一、我国中学英语口语教学的现状（一）传统教学环境的影响在传统教学环境中，教学活动仅以教材、教师、教室为重心，教师习惯于套用旧的教学模式——封闭式教学，而忽略了学校与社区的关系，即忽略了学校和社区应相互依托、相互开放资源的紧密联系。
在传统的教学活动中，教师没有担负起扮演社区型、开放型角色的职责，从而使教学的重心偏重于书本知识，而与社区的“真实”活动相脱离，这种封闭的教学环境使学生失去理论联系实际的机会，没有可供练习口语的“真实”语境，进而丧失学习的积极性，从而影响中学生英语口语能力的提高。
（二）教师的影响教师，作为教学活动中重要一环，其教学特点早就存在于“传道，授业，解惑”之中。
因此，教师的作用，重在一个“导”字，也就是发挥教师的组织、指导、启发、鼓励作用，而引导的前提，都必须以教师自身素养和努力程度为条件。
但当前，在我国中学英语口语教学过程中，教师仍存在以下问题：1、传统教学理念（应试教育）的影响应试教育的影响渗透到英语学习的每个阶段，特别是中学英语学习阶段。
中考、高考以及平时的各种考试，英语皆为笔头表达，而往往忽略了口头表达，甚至不要求口头表达，学生应付各类水平或能力测试只是“动手，不动口”，以至于学生的笔头“功夫”甚为了得，能顺利通过各类考试，但口语表达却相形见绌，从而导致了“哑巴英语”的不良现象出现。
学生一旦置身于具体的社会语境，往往想说又说不出口，不知道如何用英语表达个人的看法和观点。
小学三年级英语教学论文范文(三篇)
小学三年级英语教学论文范文(三篇)范文一：增强学生英语口语能力的方法英语口语是小学三年级英语教学中非常重要的一部分。
在这篇论文中，我们将介绍一些增强学生英语口语能力的方法。
首先，教师可以通过带领学生进行角色扮演活动来提高他们的英语口语能力。
通过模拟真实生活中的情景，学生可以更好地理解和运用英语表达。
教师可以设计一些具有挑战性的场景，让学生按照所扮演的角色进行对话练。
这样的活动不仅可以增强学生的口语表达能力，还能激发他们的想象力和创造力。
其次，教师可以组织一些小组讨论活动，让学生通过交流和合作来提高英语口语能力。
教师可以选择一些与学生生活经验相关的话题，让学生在小组内进行自由讨论。
在这个过程中，学生可以互相倾听和回应，锻炼他们听懂并表达自己观点的能力。
教师可以适时给予指导和反馈，帮助学生改进口语表达技巧。
最后，教师可以利用多媒体资源来辅助英语口语教学。
通过播放英语口语教学视频或录音，学生可以模仿和跟读，提高自己的发音和语调。
教师可以选择一些生动有趣的视频和录音，激发学生研究英语口语的兴趣，并且创造愉快的研究氛围。
通过以上方法，我们可以有效地增强小学三年级学生的英语口语能力。
教师可以根据学生的实际情况和需求，选择适合的方法进行教学，提高学生的英语口语水平。
范文二：提高小学三年级学生英语阅读能力的策略英语阅读是培养小学三年级学生语言能力的重要环节。
本文将介绍一些提高学生英语阅读能力的策略。
首先，教师应该帮助学生掌握基础的词汇和语法知识。
学生在阅读过程中常常会遇到生词和句子结构不熟悉的问题。
因此，教师可以通过课堂教学和练活动来帮助学生巩固这些基础知识。
可以利用图片、例句等方式进行教学，让学生理解词汇和语法的用法，提高他们的阅读能力。
其次，教师可以选择合适难度的阅读材料给学生进行阅读练。
材料的选择要符合学生的程度和兴趣。
可以选择一些有趣且内容丰富的故事、童话或科普文章，让学生通过阅读充实自己的知识，并培养阅读的兴趣。
怎样培养小学生英语口语能力论文
浅谈如何培养小学生英语口语能力【摘要】据调查，20世纪90年代毕业的大学生口语能力强的或非常强的仅有5%，差的或非常差的为37%，能胜任或基本胜任参加对外企业谈判的仅为14%。
这个资料令人痛心。
教师应从小教给学生标准的语音语调，并让学生克服说英语的害羞、恐惧心理，增强自信心，创造符合实际的语言环境，让学生能主动开口说英语，真正达到学以致用的目的。
【关键词】信心技能方法环境教师一、引言1、课题研究的内容小学阶段英语课程的目的是：根据小学生的生理和心理特点以及发展需求，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养他们学习英语的积极态度，使他们建立初步学习英语的自信心；培养学生一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础；使他们形成初步用英语进行简单日常交流的能力，为进一步学习打下基础。
教学重点是培养学生用语言进行交流的能力。
小学英语教学不讲解语法概念。
要充分利用教学资源，采用听、做、说、唱、玩、演的方式，鼓励学生积极参与，大胆表达，侧重提高小学生对语言的感受和初步用英语进行听、说、唱、演的能力。
显然，在《课程标准》中，口语被提到了一个非常重要的位置，它包括听和说，当然也包括念书，即朗读。
这就是本次课题研究的主要内容。
2、课题研究的意义其实，口语说白了也就是“说”，“说”是一种复式语言活动，是用母语思维到外语思维的过程，是输出的一个重要环节。
学习这不具备较强的口语能力，就难以胜任将来相关的工作或其他交际活动。
据调查，20世纪90年代毕业的大学生口语能力强的或非常强的仅有5%，差的或非常差的为37%，能胜任或基本胜任参加对外企业谈判的仅为14%。
这个资料不能不令人触目惊心，倘或一种语言的学习不是用来或者不能用来进行交际，那么我们学习的意义何在？学习英语需要开口，会念会说，发音和语调都力求正确，所以入门阶段和初级阶段注重口语是应该的。
一旦有了初步的口语基础，学习才能向纵深发展，转向读和写，特别是与精神相配合的大量泛读。
难怪，我们们英语界老前辈范存忠先生说：“假使我能从头学起，我一定不怕麻烦，首先把英语的基本语音、语调学习好。
如何培养小学生英语口语交际能力论文
浅析如何培养小学生的英语口语交际能力在以信息技术迅速发展为主要标志的当今世界，社会生活的信息化和经济活动的全球化，使外语，特别是英语越来越成为我国对外开放和与各国交往的重要工具。
当今的中国无处不需要英语人才，尤其是交际型的英语人才。
但目前，我国基础教育教学领域里还存在着一些问题，实事求是地说，是不容乐观的。
一、当前学生的口语能力现状分析。
目前的英语教学主要是重知识传授，轻能力培养，重教材灌输，轻教法的改进和学法指导，重理论知识，轻实践环节。
教师讲解多于学生操练；英语课堂教学中,使用英语的比例较低,英语教师对各种教学法的态度以语法翻译法的认同度最大。
以前，我们根据外语学科的特点，一般将一堂课分为三个部分，前十五分钟用于复习检查，第二个十五分钟用于新授课，在这段时间内，教师多用于教单词，讲解语法，讲课文，最后十分钟用于巩固练习。
但是，大多情况都是等教师教完单词，讲完语法知识及课文内容，剩下的时间，学生读了几遍课文，下课铃就响了，根本就没时间让学生练习会话，这样做，既浪费了学生们练习的宝贵时间，又让学生觉得一堂课乏味，使学生觉得上英语课毫无兴趣可言。
大部分小学英语教学的方法基本带有翻译的特点。
教学侧重点是语言本身的知识传授。
尽管学生花了几年的时间学习英语，但他们中绝大部分仍然张不开口,无法将学到的英语应用到实际交流中。
这就是所谓的“哑巴英语”。
因此，在课堂教学中如何培养学生的口语表达能力，使他们“能说会道”，成了各教育界人士关注的问题。
二、提高英语口语交际能力的重要性。
1、口语能力是语言能力的重要组成部分。
众所周知，说是听、说、读、写四项基本技能中最直接，最常用的交流方式。
说能促进听、说能力，也能提高写作能力。
可见口语表达能力在四基中起着举足轻重的作用。
交际是语言教学的本质，学习英语的目的在于借助它加强人与人之间的认知和交流。
语言学家汤姆斯认为：语言能力不仅是指能否造出合乎语法句子的能力，还应包括能否恰当地使用语言的能力，而说话是语言的重要表现形式，也是交际的重要手段。
培养口语技能英文作文
培养口语技能英文作文英文：Speaking English fluently is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. There are many ways to improve your speaking skills, and one of the most effective ways is to practice speaking with native speakers. This not only helps you improve your pronunciation and grammar, but also helps you learn new vocabulary and idioms.Another way to improve your speaking skills is to watch and listen to English media, such as TV shows, movies, and podcasts. This helps you get used to the rhythm and intonation of the language and exposes you to different accents and dialects.It's also important to practice speaking in real-life situations, such as ordering food at a restaurant or asking for directions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are a natural part of the learning process. Just keeppracticing and you will gradually become more confident and fluent.中文：流利地说英语是一项需要时间和练习才能培养的技能。
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浅谈英语教学中的口语培养东山中学袁红英语，是一门语言。
语言，最重要的作用就是交流。
要交流，除了要听得懂，还要能说得出。
所以在学习英语时，口语是非常重要的一环。
而在教学英语时，培养学生的口语交际能力时非常必要的。
一、过好口语三关1.发音关：发音的正确清晰，是口语的第一关。
生活在中文环境里的人，要准确掌握一门外语的发音，需要经过一个刻意追求的过程。
学发音要有一个阶段狠劲地注意口形和部位。
不妨"勉强"一些，"夸大"一些，像京剧道白那样"过分"地咬准。
正确的发音习惯之后，会逐渐变得自然。
我们听外国人说中国话，只会对他们的发音准确而惊叹，而不会对他们不像中国人那样省力而认为不好。
没有经过刻意准确的阶段就追求"自然"，这样发出的音只是一种不三不四，大体上有点像，却谈不上正确的声音。
有的音发得不准确，主要是口形和部位不到位。
如ｔｈ［δ］是英语的一个特殊发音，许多人把它读作［ｓ］，自认为比较接近了，其实是错了。
甚至有的中国老师这样教："读这个音本应该将舌头伸出来，但不伸出来也可以，外国人也能听懂。
"这不是在教学生"中国式英语吗？"如果自己发音不准，就很难分辨别人发音的正确与否。
过发音关必须严格要求，一丝不苟地去练，只想顺顺当当听其自然，常常最后学到的只是模棱两可的声音，谈不上正确。
2.句型关：句型是在自己脑海中建立外语语境的重要一环。
掌握句型的要求是不但在大脑"贮存"足够的句型，而且要在使用时灵活"调取"。
英语中有许多与特定场景、气氛等相应的特定句型。
用这些句型可以表达建议、请求、命令、安慰、指责、兴奋、愤怒等不同要求和情感。
这类句型一般都很短，大都是简单句，却能表达出各种情形下的各种说法。
要做到口语流利，就必须熟悉并掌握各种特定条件下的特定句型，形成对特定场景作出快速的语言反应能力。
掌握句型的方法是背诵和即席发言。
学习外语的人一定要背诵好文章、好句子，一条好句子可以创造出许多好句子。
背诵五十条句子，你的口语会好起来；再背五十条句子，你的口语会上一个台阶；如果再继续背诵五十条句子，你的口语会进入一个新的境界。
不是要求学生细微地捉摸、详尽地分析每一课每一句，而是要求背诵到滚瓜烂熟的程度。
其实并不是完全背诵，常常背到了一定的时候就在脑海中形成了外语的语境，建立了语感。
熟读是说的前题，只要读得通畅，才会说得流利。
古话说，"熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟"，就是这个道理。
熟练句型的第二个方法是即席讲话。
讲话的题目应稍为广一点，不要老是"MyFamily""MySchool"。
比如谈论北京的话题，有的同学只说一句"北京是中国的首都"，下面就不知要谈些什么。
实际上，有许多话题可以谈论。
例如：北京的历史、气候、大学、公园、交通、街道、建筑以及现代化建设等方面，还可以将话题引入自己感兴趣的体育比赛、电视剧、文艺或小说中去谈论一番。
有的学生自尊心较强，害怕出错，不敢张嘴。
即席讲话就是要求学生克服自卑与羞怯，大胆张口，在轻松愉快的气氛中用英语进行交谈，将所学句型用于谈话当中，将话题引入自己所熟悉的话题和表达法中。
3.词汇关：提高口语能力的第三关是"词汇"。
词汇量是解决表达"好不好"的关键。
在掌握句型的基础上扩大词汇才有意义。
在扩大词汇方面，需要记一些常用词、急用词。
按使用频率、使用范围，大约5000左右的词汇就足以进行日常口语交流了。
口语体不同于书面体，口语体中所常用的词汇，大都拼写简单，发音流畅，多是小词、简单词、常用词。
有一些"万能词"，像go，make，do等，这些词在口语中的用法非常活跃，表达生动活泼，简明扼要，内涵异常丰富。
掌握十来个这类词，就能套用各种句型，轻松自如地进行口语交流了。
因此，教师要尽量用一些小词、短句和教过的英语教英语、解释难句和课文意思。
学生用学过的英语学英语，听得清楚，理解得准确，这样学生运用英语的实际能力必将有所提高。
二、从以下两方面加强口语训练。
初中英语的教学目的是使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识，培养学生在交际中初步运用英语的能力。
为了达到这一目的，就要改变教学中以教师为中心，偏重语法结构的分析、讲解，及机械的句型操练的教学模式。
这种教学模式既违背了素质教育的“以学生为主体”的原则，又背离了英语教学的基本规律。
因此，在教师要以学生为中心，加强训练指导，加大学生自学的活动量，从而发挥其“主体”作用。
1、在培养学生讲英语习惯方面加强口语训练在课堂上，为了让学生练好各种句型，教师要创设语言环境，注意情景对话，不孤立教学单词，努力培养学生讲英语的良好习惯。
（１）进行多种训练。
在对学生句型训练时，每学一个句型，都必须通过重复、模仿、替换、转换、扩展等多种训练，达到熟练程度，为培养学生讲英语的习惯奠定基础起先应从很容易的句子着手。
如：“Sitdown，please”、“Goodmorning，Kangkang”、“Howareyou”。
然后进行扮演角色的对话。
教师用清晰的语言介绍给学生们，并告诉这种新结构的意义及语法的形式。
（２）做重复交流活动。
练完句型，如果学生们达到了理解的程度，教师应按照上下文逐渐地创造一些交流活动，如介绍情景活动：“去商店买东西”（goShopprng），让一位学生扮演售货员，让另一位扮演顾客，“CanIhelpyou”“Howmuchare……”让两位学生利用日常交际用语去演或实习买卖东西这一活动。
通过这种交流活动，使学生真正掌握日常交际英语的用法。
这样在学中用，在用中学，会使语言形式与语言运用相联系，是培养学生讲英语习惯的好方法。
2、在鼓励学生用英语对话方面加强口语训练在培养学生讲英语习惯的训练中，总会有一部分学生害羞，产生不敢讲、不愿讲等心理障碍，教师应采用鼓励的办法，帮助学生消除心理障碍。
（１）在面对全体中要有所侧重。
在训练中，教师要把侧重点放在有心理障碍的同学身上，除了鼓励、指导外，应给他们较多的锻炼机会，使他们逐渐由羞怯变为敢说。
同时，教师一方面给他们做示范，一方面对他们要有耐心，态度和蔼，营造一个宽松和谐的课堂气氛。
（２）在训练中多给些有趣的话题。
中学生活泼、好奇、好表现、善模仿、喜欢交际。
鉴此，在训练活动中要多创设一些有趣味的对话内容。
如：talkaboutyourself;“yourfamily，yourparents;favourite;foodsports”等等。
（３）要及时纠正训练中出现的错误。
在练习过程中，特别是口语活动中，错误是不可避免的。
因此，教师要认真、仔细、及时地纠正学生在语言、语调上出现的错误，或让学生间互相纠正。
提高学生的口语能力除以上谈到的几点外，还有许多颇见成效的方法。
例如：组织课外英语演讲会、英语歌曲比赛、英语故事会、英语角、英语诗歌朗诵会等各种形式的活动。
这些活动大大刺激了学生的求知欲，提高了学生学习英语的兴趣，拓展了英语视野。
阅读理解的三个层次2007年10月14日来源:网友供稿作者:未知字体:[大中小] 当今社会知识日新月异，科技突飞猛进。
为了满足社会的发展需要以及学生的兴趣与爱好；为了能直接地、迅速地了解世界科技发展的最新动态，学生必须具备良好的阅读能力，英语教学大纲把培养阅读能力作为目标是符合社会需要的。
学生一旦具备了独立阅读的能力，也就具备了一定的自学能力，为他们今后的大学学习或自学打下坚实的基础。
因此提高阅读能力是每一个学习者必须达到的目标。
一、理解是阅读的要旨阅读是一个积极主动地思考、理解和接受信息的过程，也是一种复杂的智力活动。
从形式上看，阅读似乎是一种单向的言语交际活动，实质上它是作者与读者双方参与的言语交际活动。
作者把自己的思想用文字符号表达出来，这是一个由词组成句子和话语的语言编码过程。
读者阅读书面材料时，从辨认文字符号开始进而对文字、语义、语法、修辞进行译码加工处理，同时凭借自己已有的语言文化背景知识、生活经验并通过联想重建的创造性思维活动，领会文字符号所表达的意义，吸收信息。
可见阅读是一种积极思维的智力活动过程。
它包含两个不同的发展阶段：辨认文字符号的感性认识阶段和理解内容、吸收信息、创造性思维译码的理性认识阶段。
阅读的主要目的是理解作者用文字表达的思想，因此理解能力是阅读中最重要的能力。
阅读理解的程度可由浅入深分为三个层次：表层理解(literalcomprehension)、深层理解(inferentialcomprehension)和评价性理解(criticalcomprehension)。
表层理解只是懂得文章字面的意思；深层理解则要求读者能清楚地理解作者的言外之意；评价性理解则需要读者对作者所表达的内容说出自己的看法。
读者理解一篇文章应包括这三个层次，其中表层理解是深层理解的前提，评价性理解又是在深层理解基础上进行的。
但在教学中我们发现相当一部分学生往往只满足于课文的表层理解，对后两个层次的理解很少问津。
他们误把表层理解看成是阅读理解的全部。
导致这种现象的原因，一方面是由于多年来教师在教学中总是把大部分时间与精力放在解释生词、词语搭配、造句训练上，过多地重视语言形式而忽视了内容的理解，结果课文被肢解得支离破碎，影响学生从整体上把握作者的思想。
另一方面课堂教学往往是教师唱主角，学生没有充分的思考和参与语言实践的活动，学生始终处于被动状态。
教师在设计练习时，又常常局限在对课文的表层理解，设计一些正误题、多项选择题和回忆性问题。
教科书也没有对学生的理解作全面的要求与训练。
要改变这种现状，提高学生高层次阅读理解能力，教师应根据理解课文的三个层次设计教学过程。
这里就JEFC第70课StandingRoomOnly为例，具体谈谈如何通过理解课文内容的三个层次培养学生阅读理解能力。
二、阅读理解的三个层次（一）表层理解表层理解是要求学生掌握文章字面意思。
对学生的要求是机械地重复文中主要内容，使课文内容再现。
教师对该课可提出下列问题，请学生阅读后回答：1)Abouthowmanybabiesareborninoneminute2)Howmanynewbabiesdopeoplehavetofindfoodforinoneday3)Whatmaybethegreatestproblemoftheworldtoday4)Howisthepopulationgrowing5)Whenwasthepopulationover500million6)Whatwillhappeninabout600years由于表层理解是深层理解和评价性理解的基础，为了使学生顺利地理解掌握文章意思，教师在教学中应注意以下两点：1.教师要清楚地了解学生头脑中是否有与文章相适应的语言知识、文化背景等知识。