中考英语 中考阅读理解分析讲解课件

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词 义 猜
释义法 ： 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、
表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并 加以解释说明。Eg:Make sure yourself and
others are all right aftershocks—after the earthquake. 通过破折号后的after the earthquake, 不难猜出aftershocks 是余震的意思。
A. Strict and hard-working.
B. More critical
C. Friendly and interesting.
D. More successful
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推理判断题的常见的提问形式:
1、The writer tells us_________. 2、From the story we can see/ learn / say_____ 3、According to(根据) the passage, we know that____
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2013 云南
51. The man with his old axe fell into the river.
52. The fairy came out and asked what was wrong with him.
53. The sad man only wanted the gold and silver axes.
B. Lei Feng's Death
C. Lei Feng's Good Neighbors D. University Student Volunteers
（2012云南）65. What's the main idea of the passage'?
A. Never make mistakes.
理 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思 想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态
判 度等。 断 以原文内容为前提，根据作者
的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对
型 文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予 合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 17
推理判断题（做题要领）
既要求学生透过文章表面文字 信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求 学生对作者的态度、意图及文章 细节的发展作正确的推理判断， 力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要 固守自己的看法或观点。
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因此有关阅读理解题目主要 有以下几种:
命
主旨大意型
事实细节型
题
词义猜测 型
类
推理判 断型
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Step Two: How to Deal with the
Problems on Reading Comprehension
一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）
1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
反义法 如 but, while, however, not at all等，
或前句为肯定，后句为否定，转折关系。Eg: He is so
homely,not at all as handsome as his brother. 根据“not at all handsome ”不难推测“homely”的意思是不好看 的。
B. Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he told his name to her.
C, Lei Feng always helped others. "
D. We should learn from Lei Feng,
63. What does the lady want the shops to do?
B. You can make mistakes without thinking.
C. Sometimes it's good to make mistakes.
D. Making mistakes is terrible.
（2014 云南）59. The passage is mainly written for _____.
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词义猜测型的常见的提问形式:
1、What does the underlined word “ ” mean?（新单词考法）
2、What does “it” mean in the passage? What do “ they ” mean in the passage?
3、What does “ it ” refer to? What do “ they ” refer to?(代词考法)
54. The fairy found his lost axe for the man.
2012云南
59. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A, Lei Feng gave his money to another soldier's parents.
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在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特 定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：
1）Which of the following statement is true/not true?
2）Which of the following is mentioned/ not mentioned in the passage?
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事 实 细 节 型
解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及
全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据 或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文 中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节 及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直 接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
in Chinese.
A. 好人 B. 好事 C. 好梦 D. 好主意
（2014云南）62. The underlined words straight A’s in Paragraph
2 mean ___A___ in Chinese.
A. 全优 B.及格
C.中等
D.不及格
（2014云南） 65. When the writer says “my new friend” in the last paragraph, she is talking about__B___.
阅读理解解题技巧
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阅读理解
阅读能力是一项语言综合运用能力，是 对学生综合知识的考查，是英语能力培养 的重点项目，是中考的一个重要题型，分 值高、题量大。主要包括理解程度和阅读 速度。
阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有 关信息的加工能力。
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度 和理解力的正确率。
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阅读基本技能: 1 ．略读skimming（适用于判断短文
64. When you make a mistake, you are closer to_______
• trine
B. money C. success D. everything
60. Sun Hotel is open for ________ months of the year.
A. nine B. ten C. eleven D. twelve
3）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___?
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词 义 猜 测 型
同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词
and或or，顺接关系。Eg：（2012佛山）Mobile
phones can be carried with us wherever we travel. Some phones can even let you take pictures. And these images can be sent to other mobile phones. 49.What does the underlined word “images” mean? A. pictures B. messages C. telephones D. letters
C. The lady fights obesity in students. D. The lady feel worried about the height.
（2012云南）60. What's the best title(标题) of this passage?
A. Lei Feng Spirit
主旨大意及中心思想） 2 ．扫读scanning (适用于细节搜索、
捕捉、提取及理解) 3 ．细读Reading in details
（适用于推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图）
(五个W, who, what, when, where, why)
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阅读理解的命题依据:
1 ﹑理解主旨和要义 2 ﹑理解文中的具体位置 3 ﹑根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 ﹑作出判断和推理 5 ﹑理解文章的基本结构 6 ﹑理解作者的意图﹑观点和态度
A. students at school
B. people who don’t like running
C. students who never have breakfast D. people who want to improve
health
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主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:
1、The title (标题) of the passage can be________. 2、The main idea of this passage is______. 3、The main idea of the first/second/last paragraph is_____. 4、What is this passage about?
A. her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her father’s friend
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做题要领
1）文中找线索或信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词义 判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词 汇在特定句中确切意思。
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推理判断题：着重考查学生归
推 纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
A. To offer gym classes. B. To plant a vegetable garden.
C. To serve meals with less fat. D. To sell healthier foods.
57. Who brought Lei Feng up?
A. His parents B. Chairman Mao C. His neighbors D. Soldiers
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（2013云南） 55. From the story, we know that an honest man may get more.
（2012云南） 55. According to the passage, our life in the future will be better.
（2014云南） 64. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona’? C
此类题型在中考中一般占1题（2分）
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（2013云南） 62. The word “obesity” in the second paragraph
means ________ in Chinese.
A.厌食症 B. 抑郁症 C. 肥胖症 D. 强迫症
（2012云南） 58. The underlined phrase "good deeds" means __
3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案的出处应多读文章的第一段或最
后一段，或每个段落的第一句或最后一
句。
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ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
（2013云南）65. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The lady introduces healthy drinks. B. The lady cares about food cost.
测 型
情景推断法：Eg: If traffic is heavy, the
taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons , there is the “rush hour”. 根据 情景可以推断“rush hour ”为（上下班） 交通高峰时刻的意思。