楚辞英译：屈原《九歌·山鬼》汉译英

【引】]《九歌·山鬼》是战国时期楚国伟大诗人屈原的作品，是一首祭祀山鬼的祭歌，也被认为是楚辞中最优美的爱情诗。这首诗中的“山鬼”究竟是女神还是男神存在争议。宋元以前的楚辞家多据《国语》《左传》所说，定山鬼为“木石之怪”、“魑魅魍魉”，而视之为男性山怪。但元明时期的画家，却依诗中的描摹，颇有绘作“窈窕”动人的女神的。清人顾成天《九歌解》首倡山鬼为“巫山神女”之说，又经游国恩、郭沫若的阐发，“山鬼”当为“女鬼”或“女神”的意见，遂被广泛接受。（据百度词条“九歌·山鬼”）

本译诗采用明白晓畅的现代英语翻译，格律为抑扬格五音步，无韵。译者在追求信、雅、达的基础上，较为注重文意的忠实、自然、顺畅和诗意的最大限度的保留。之所以有格律而不用韵，也是考虑到如果刻意押韵的话，必然会因韵害义，一来可能会歪曲原义，二来会使文意不自然，不通畅，甚至显得拗口。英文和中文毕竟有很大差别，

为了套上一个韵脚，难免要作文意的变换，甚至不得不生搬硬套，牵凿附会。这样就会舍弃最贴切、最合意的词语和句子，得不偿失。对于诗歌来说，语言通顺、文意流畅是最基本的要求，如果连语义都不通畅，即使押韵了，诗意也荡然无存。诗歌是最美的语言，语言拗口的诗句，即使写得巧妙，也是无诗意的。

我的翻译讲究明白、通畅。在追求诗意美的同时，力求浅白易懂。因为诗歌语言精微独特，在用另一种语言翻译后容易变得艰涩不畅，特别是因讲究押韵而刻意雕词琢句的话，就容易使语句、文意不流畅。我认为诗歌翻译应该做到“三畅”：语畅、意畅、情畅。语畅是指语句通畅不拗口，意畅是指意思通畅不艰涩，情畅是指情思通畅不别扭。

本诗译者为本文档上传者，请尊重劳动成果，勿剽窃，引用时请注明译者：罗沐。

The Mountain Ghost山鬼

Qu Yuan

罗沐译屈原

Someone might be there in the mountain nook,若有人兮山之阿，Dressed in fig vines and belted with usneas.被薜荔兮带女萝。With expressive eyes and sweet smiles,既含睇兮又宜笑，

I had that grace and beauty you adored.子慕予兮善窈窕。

By red leopards drawn and striped civets trailed,乘赤豹兮从文狸，

I drove my magnolia coach with cassia flags.辛夷车兮结桂旗。And clad in an orchid dress with asarum girded，被石兰兮带杜衡，

I went to pick flowers for you whom I missed.折芳馨兮遗所思。Deep In the bamboo forest blind to the sky,余处幽篁兮终不见天，The rugged path delayed my lonely trek.路险难兮独后来。

I stood alone on the top of the moutain,表独立兮山之上，Watching the clouds flowing below my feet.云容容兮而在下。

So dim and dark it was as if night had fallen,杳冥冥兮羌昼晦，And the wind drove the rain the goddess made.东风飘兮神灵雨。

I waited for you gladly and forgot to leave,留灵修兮憺忘归，But time was taking away my floral beauty.岁既晏兮孰华予。

To pick magic reishi I went to the valley采三秀兮于山间，Where rocks piled high amid creeping vines.石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓。

I felt so sad for you and forgot to leave,怨公子兮怅忘归，

If you had me in heart but had no time!君思我兮不得闲。The one in the mountain was fragrant as asarum,山中人兮芳杜若，Drinking the spring under pines and cypresses.饮石泉兮荫松柏。

If you had me in heart, I just wondered!君思我兮然疑作。Thunder was booming and rain was pouring,雷填填兮雨冥冥，Apes were roaring and monkeys were crying,猨啾啾兮狖夜鸣，Wind was soughing and trees were rustling,风飒飒兮木萧萧，While I was here, missingyou and suffering.思公子兮徒离忧。

【白话译文】(据百度词条)

好像有人在那山隈经过，是我身披薜荔腰束女萝。含情注视巧笑多么优美，你会羡慕我的姿态婀娜。驾乘赤豹后面跟着花狸，辛夷木车桂花扎起彩旗。是我身披石兰腰束杜衡，折枝鲜花赠你聊表相思。我在幽深竹林不见天日，道路艰险难行独自来迟。孤身一人伫立高高山巅，云雾溶溶脚下浮动舒卷。白昼昏昏暗暗如同黑夜，东风飘旋神灵降下雨点。等待神女怡然忘却归去，年渐老谁让我永如花艳？在山间采摘益寿的芝草，岩石磊磊葛藤四处盘绕。抱怨神女怅然忘却归去，你想我吗难道没空来到。山中人儿就像芬芳杜若，石泉口中饮松柏头上遮，你想我吗心中信疑交错。

雷声滚滚雨势溟溟蒙蒙，猿鸣啾啾穿透夜幕沉沉。风吹飕飕落叶萧萧坠落，思念女神徒然烦恼横生。