新编商务英语阅读教程(第二版)练习参考答案
商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富-UnitThe-Incredible-Shrinking-Europe-课后标准答案
商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富-UnitThe-Incredible-Shrinki ng-Europe-课后答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 4The Incredible Shrinking EuropeExercises1. Answers to the questions on the text:1) What was the dream that the Europhiles were familiar with?Their dream was to make E.U. a newly emboldened world power stepping up to calm trouble spots, using aid and persuasion where it could, but prepared to send in troops when it had to.2) Why does the passage say that Europe is a remarkably good place to live?Because Europe is more stable, safe, green and culturally diverse than most parts of the world and a quality life can be guaranteed in E.U. states.3) Does the good life at home make Europe strong abroad ? Why?No, a good life at home doesn’t mean a strong Europe abroad. Because the E.U.may have all the soft-power credentials in the world, but on the grand stage it has lacked the weight and influence of others on some big issues.4) What do Critics think of the selection of Herman Van Rompuy and Catherine Ashton as Europe's President and Foreign Minister?They consider the selection as symbolic of a lack of vision and it means the grouping will have to reconcile itself to five years of underperformance.5) What can be listed as E.U.’s achievements in the years around 1980s according to the passage?By extending an area of peace and liberal government to the east, the E.U. has done much to calm a part of the world that not long ago was the cockpit for murderous rivalries.6) In what way can Europe realize its own dreams and those of others according to the passage?It has to act as a true single bloc and win others to its side.7) Why does the German government face enormous domestic challenges in admitting its forces in Afghanistan are there to fight, not to be humanitarian workers in uniform ?Because one of modern Europe's most cherished convictions is that the force of arms rarely settles political disputes for long and European public opinion in the 20th century seems unwilling to commit to the war in Afghanistan for the long haul.8) What roles did Germany play in Europe in the 20th century?For the last half of the 20th century, Germany was at the heart of the European experiment. But since the end of the Cold War, it has stepped back from the E.U.and begun strengthening ties with Russia.9 What are the advantages for E.U. to be chosen as the White House’s partner?The advantages are that Europe is rich and democratic, and its values arecloser to those of the U.S. than those of anywhere else.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below. Make changes when necessary.1) China will adhere to the principle of developing high technology and realizingindustrialization to step up the commercialization, industrialization and internationalization of scientific and technological achievements.2) In the recent crisis no banks could manage to bail out the companies in financialpressure.3) In terms of the information from the Universe he is apathetic and sometimesirritable, he is like an ostrich sticking his head in sand.4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipment.6) The plan has already been worked out, and could be put into operation at amoment's notice.7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in thewar.8) His remarks hit home when he said that we did not work enough.9) Some analysts suspected that Toyota had pulled strings to stifle probes into itsauto quality problems.10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have nothing to give back to you.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A ____________________ B_____________________________________1)free market A) Effects on the behavior of individuals causedby observation of the actions of others and theirconsequences. 32) coalition government B) An economic turmoil where companies gobankrupt, people are laid off, and markets aresluggish. There is a lot of panic in bothbusiness and daily lives.93) demonstration effects C) A market in which there is no economicinterventionby the state, except to enforceprivate contracts and the ownership of property.14) health insurance D) A qualified retirement plan set up by acorporation, laborunion, government, orotherorganization for itsemployees. 6E) A form of collectivism by means of whichpeople collectivelypool their risk, in this casethe risk of incurringmedical expenses. 45) national interest F) The ability to obtain what one wants througheconomic or cultural means. It allows nations toexert their influence without using militarymeans or coercion. 86) pension scheme G) A fight or contention for territory, power,control, or resources between tow more partiesin a place or area.. 77) turf war H) Things of great importance to a nation,including itsgoals, visionsand ambitions inpolitical,economic,cultural fields,etc. and actions,circumstances,and decisions toachieve them. 5 8) soft power I) A cabinet of a parliamentary government inwhich severalparties cooperate. 29) economic crunch4. Translate the following into Chinese.有什么能让欧洲振奋起来吗？当然：如果欧洲领导人能像20年前那样抓住时机，欧盟就将繁荣昌盛。
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit8答案及注解
Unit Eight Marketing (I)Part I Pre-reading Questions1.How can businesses attract more customers with similar products and services?答案范例：With similar products and services, businesses can attract more customers by means of high quality, competitive price, diverse channel, and effective marketing.2.Is branding important? Why?答案范例：Yes, branding is important for the following reasons:a)Branding demonstrates a company’s promise to its customers.b)Effective branding promotes recognition.c)Effective branding helps to build trust with customers..d)Branding provides motivation and direction for the staff.3.What makes a successful salesman?答案范例：There are some key ingredients of a successful salesman, such as:a)They aim high.b)They keep close contact with the customers.c)They pay close attention to market changes.d)They collaborate extensively, both internally and externally.e)They are always on the lookout for the opponents.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇Text A1. 主旨归纳本文通过星巴克在遭遇困境时作出运营调整的事例，说明企业要想为股东创造长期价值，就必须为顾客和员工创造长期价值。
商务英语阅读教程1第二版叶兴国课后答案
商务英语阅读教程1第二版叶兴国课后答案1、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that2、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on3、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)4、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat5、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to6、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a7、The book is very _______. I’ve read it twice. [单选题] *A. interestB. interestedC. interesting(正确答案)D. interests8、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost9、What’s your _______ for the coming new year? [单选题] *A. playB. plantC. plan(正确答案)D. plans10、We have ______ homework today. （）[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much11、If you had told me earlier, I _____ to meet you at the hotel. [单选题] *A. had comeB. will have comeC. would comeD. would have come(正确答案)12、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth13、Sorry, I can't accept your invitation. [单选题] *A. 礼物B. 观点C. 邀请(正确答案)D. 好意14、He has grown rich lately. [单选题] *A. 后来B. 以后C. 终于D. 最近(正确答案)15、6．Hi, boys and girls. How are you ________ your posters for the coming English Festival at school? [单选题] *A．getting onB．getting offC．getting with (正确答案)D．getting16、Jeanne's necklace was _____ 500 francs at most. [单选题] *A. worthyB. costC. worth(正确答案)D. valuable17、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days18、22．Will there ________ any schools in the future? [单选题] * A．isB．areC．amD．be(正确答案)19、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out20、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting21、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant22、The house is well decorated _____ the disarrangement of a few photos. [单选题] *A. exceptB. besidesC. except for(正确答案)D. in addition to23、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to24、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)25、How _______ Grace grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. [单选题] *A. cuteB. strongC. fast(正确答案)D. clever26、Alice hopes to _______ more friends at her new school. [单选题] *A. visitB. make(正确答案)C. missD. take27、John is quite _______. He likes to attend activities in?his spare time. [单选题] *A. active(正确答案)B. quietC. lazyD. honest28、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)29、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after30、I paint a lot of pictures. [单选题] *A. 评论B. 注意C. 悬挂D. 画(正确答案)。
新世纪商务英语本科生商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit13答案
新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit13答案Unit13Part I Background Information《国富论》总结了近代初期各国资本主义发展的经验，并在批刘吸收了当时有关重要经济理论的基础上，就整个国民经济运动过程作了较系统、较明白的描述。
本书不但对英国资本主义的发展产生了重大的促进作用，且对世界资本主义的发展来说，恐怕也没有任何其他一-部资产阶级的经济学著作曾产生那么广泛的影响。
难怪当时有些资产阶级学者把它奉为至宝。
《国富论》在今日之意义主要表现在以下两点:首先，承认人在经济生活中的利已性是搞市场经济的前视。
其次，亚当，斯密在(国富论)中提出的依革“看不见的手”管理经济尽量减少政府干预的思想对每个国家的经济改革有重要的指导意义。
Part II Notes to the TextsText A of the Natural Progress of Opulence1. The Wealth of Nations:中文译名为《国富论》或《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》，为影响世界历史进程的10部书之-，影响人类文化进程的100部经典之一，对中国近代社会影响最大的经济学译著。
这是一部将经济学、政治理论、哲学、历史和经济实践活动奇妙结合在一起的书，作者亚当.斯密是英国著名古典政治经济学家、哲学家，被誉为现代西方经济学之父。
2. Adam Smith: 亚当.斯密(1723- -1790)，著名经济学家，经济学的主要创立者。
1723年，亚当.斯密出生于苏格兰法夫郡的魁克卡迪，青年时最早就读于格拉斯哥大学，后转人牛津大学。
1750年到1764年亚当.斯密在格拉斯哥大学担任逻辑学和道德学教授,于1759年出版了第一本著作《道德情操论》，并因此确立了他在知识界的地位。
此后，亚当.斯密在1766年开始着手《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(简称《国富论》)的写作，1773年基本完稿，后又经3年润色，直至1776年3月出版。
商务英语阅读教程答案
商务英语阅读教程答案【篇一：《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)参考答案】廖华点这里，有很多篇《《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案》在线阅读本文：/lhd_84ved1ogad9jajq89mev_1.html《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案unit onei.1. 资产c2. 边际变动e3. 市场势力i4. 劳动生产力（率）j5. 经济学a6. 市场失灵g7. 市场经济f8. 机会成本d9. 通货膨胀k10. 外部性h11. 效率b12. 菲利普斯曲线lii.passage one经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit6答案及注解
Unit Six TravelPart I Pre-reading Questions1.How often do you travel? What’s the purpose of your last travel?答案范例：I usually travel twice every year, once during the summer vacation and once during the winter vacation. My last travel was to visit the Great Pyramid of Gaza.2.Does tourism promote international peace? How?答案范例：Yes, it does. Tourism can promote cultural understanding, mutual respect and peace dialogues at national and international levels.It also creates incredible opportunities for strengthening cross-border relations.3.What do you think contributes to a wonderful destination?答案范例：Many features such as friendly atmosphere, a safe environment, beautiful scenery, charming attractions, delicious food and comfortable accommodation can contribute to a wonderful destination.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇TEXT A1.主旨归纳：文章从经济发展、科技和创新、旅游服务等方面对旅游业的影响，证明旅游消费者和零售商将面临又一个黄金期。
商务英语第二版课后答案
商务英语第二版课后答案【篇一：商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富unit2the_world_economic_forum 课后答案】hanged global realityexercises1. answer the questions on the text:1) what are the features of the two major economies that the world has seen formore than 200 years?one has dominated technological innovation and trade and amassed great wealth. the second—much of it politically under the thumb of the first—has remained poor and technologically dependent.2) how much did low-and-middle-income countries contribute to world growth in 2010?almost half (46%)3) taking a long term view, why is it good news that developing countries are growing fast?as billions of poor people become more prosperous, they will be able to afford comforts their counterparts in the rich world have long considered the normal appurtenances of life.4) what are the worst-case scenarios that europe has so far avoided?a collapse of the euro, a debt crisis that spills from small economies such as greece and ireland to much bigger ones like italy and spain, and bitter social uest in those nations that are having to massage wages down while cutting public budgets.5) why does jim walker think that 2011 will be a “year of reckoning”?because jim walker thinks that the rebound in the us is a mirage created by excessive stimulus. he expects the us to slip into the double dip it dodged in 2010.6) why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into a public-sector debt crisis in 2010-11?it has been the result of the debt and deficits amassed in the process of stimulating economies and bailing out banks during the downturn.7) what are the risks that emerging economies face?a. sharp rise in inflationb. rising oil pricesc. soaring food price8) what did china and india do to cope with inflation and rising food prices? china raised the reserve-requirement ratio;india resorted to diplomatic means when pakistan temporarily cut off some exports of onions to the country.9) how can the disaffection with global capitalism in the developed world be prevented from turning into a backlash against it?it would help if there were mechanisms in place to manage the stresses in the international economy.10) what is the most serious division between countries that policymakers have to contend with?economic disparity2. fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below:1) the search for the child sharply today, with almost a third of the volunteers heading home.2) the former federal reserve chairman says there is a risk that the us coulda recession by year’s end.3) the ceo of the firm said that they would traditional labor-intensive products 4) in the aftermath of the financial crisis the group some of its ambitious regional expansion plans.5) toyota motor corp. is offering widespread job buyouts to its us workers for the first time and cutting the workweek at some of its american plants by 10% to falling sales.6) eventually, it must a system that functions on stability, or it will fail and cause an unstoppable breakdown and widespread hardship.7) unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmly politicians.8) the stock market’s endurance could depend heavily on whether economic and corporate performance remains uncertain, or begins indicating that the economy truly is 9) survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiences to help them 10) other countries—notably australia—have also avoided a bust in their housing markets, and have instead seen prices increases3. match the terms in column a with the explanations in column b:1）double-dip recessiona) a physical substance, such as food, grains, and metals,which is interchangeable with another product of thesame type, and which investors buy or sell, usuallythrough future contracts2) credit ratingb) a measure that examines the weighted average ofprices of foodstuffs, often used as an important factorto assess the cost of living. 3)austerity c) a government policy of deficit-cutting, lower spending,and a reduction in the amount of benefits and publicservices provided, sometimes coupled with increasesreserves each commercial bank must hold to customerdeposits and notes.5）protective tariff e) the part of the economy that is not state controlled,and is run by individuals and companies for profit. 6）beggar thy neighbor f) an expression in economics describing policy thatseeks benefits for one country at the expense of others.such policies attempt to remedy the economicproblems in one country by means which tend toworsen the problems of other countries.7) commodity g) a published ranking based on detailed financialanalysis by a credit bureau, of one’s financi al history, specifically as it relates to one’s ability to meet debtobligations. 8）sovereign-debt crisis h) a crisis in which a national government owes so muchdebt that it is unable to repay or on the edge ofbankruptcy. 9）food-price indexi) a tariff which tries to ban imports to stop themcompeting with local products 10）reserve requirement j) a situation where economic growth slides back tonegative after a short-lived growth and the economymay move into a deeper and longer downturn.4. translate the following into chinese:星期五，世界上20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举行的为期两天的峰会。
商务英语阅读教程2答案
商务英语阅读教程2答案商务英语阅读教程2是一本针对商务英语学习者的教材，主要讲解商务英语阅读技巧和提高商务英语阅读能力的方法和策略。
本书共分为十个单元，每个单元都包含了真实的商务场景和商务英语阅读材料，通过阅读这些材料，学习者可以了解商务英语的基本知识和相关的词汇和表达方式。
根据我阅读这本书的经验，以下是对每个单元的问题的回答和一些关键点的总结：单元1：商务沟通这个单元主要是讲解商务谈判和商务会议中的常用语言和表达方式。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以学习到如何提出建议、表达意见和达成共识。
单元2：商务合作这个单元主要是讲解商务合作中的重要概念和实践。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何制定商务合作计划、寻找合作伙伴和管理合作关系。
单元3：市场调研这个单元主要是讲解市场调研中的基本步骤和方法。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何进行市场调研、分析市场需求和制定市场营销策略。
单元4：销售与市场推广这个单元主要是讲解销售和市场推广中的关键概念和技巧。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以学习到如何制定销售目标、开展市场推广活动和建立客户关系。
单元5：供应链管理这个单元主要是讲解供应链管理中的关键概念和实践。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何管理供应链、优化物流和提高供应链效率。
单元6：人力资源管理这个单元主要是讲解人力资源管理中的基本原则和方法。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何招聘、培训和管理员工。
单元7：财务管理这个单元主要是讲解财务管理中的基本概念和技巧。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何编制财务报表、分析财务状况和制定财务策略。
单元8：国际贸易这个单元主要是讲解国际贸易中的关键概念和实践。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何开展国际贸易、解决贸易争端和制定国际贸易政策。
单元9：商务法律与伦理这个单元主要是讲解商务法律和商务伦理中的基本原则和要求。
通过阅读材料，学习者可以了解到如何遵守法律法规、处理商务纠纷和维护商业道德。
商务英语阅读(第二版) Unit10 banking 课后答案
Chapter 10The Alchemists of FinanceExercises1. Questions on the text1)Wha t’s the main difference between commercial banks and investmentbanks?In today's business environment, the main business of commercial banks is to collect deposits and make loans, while that of investment banks is to underwrite stocks and bonds and advise companies on mergers and acquisitions.2)Why do investment banks try to keep quiet about their big profits?Investment banks try to keep quiet about their big profits for two major reasons: first, they are under more scrutiny by regulators and investors; second, private equity and hedge funds have overtaken them in raising money and making excessive bets.3)What changes have taken place in the financial markets since the 1980s?The main changes since 1980s have been the rapid growth of financial instruments with unprecedented breadth, depth and richness, brought out by technology and innovation. Examples of those financial instruments are public and private debt securities and derivatives.4)Why do bankers and regulators worry about a possible collapse of aninvestment bank?They worry about a possible collapse of an investment bank because such an event will have serious implications for the whole financial system, and it is vital to know how such institutions evolve, how they handle risks and how well those risks are spread around the financial system.5)Which three factors can explain the huge profit for investment banks?Those factors are: first, the alchemist's trick of turning debt (mostly leaden) into derivatives (mostly liquid); second, the emergence of a new class of leveraged client (hedge funds and private equity); third, seeking out new capital markets and clients around the world. Meanwhile, in all these pursuits the banks are now using their own money, to differing degrees.6)What does the expression “the wild east〞refer to?That expression refers to the new markets emerging in Europe and Asia. The introduction of the euro in 1999 and the rapid growth of economies in those regions have attracted investment banks.7)What makes London an impressive rival to New York as a global financialcenter?London has become an impressive rival to New York as a global financial center because: first, London trades a wide range of assets and is regulated on the spot;second, London is a hub for Europe and continent European countries can raise capital there; third, London is also regarded as a springboard for emergingmarkets such as China and Russia.8)How do investment banks manage the risks?Investment banks try to find the most talented people to handle the intricate assets;they measure the correlations between different financial instruments in an attempt to spread risk; they invest hundreds of millions of dollars a year in technologies to measure and stress-test risks; they also try to boost their risk-weighted capital.9)According to the text, what’s the relationship between revenue and risk infinance?The relationship between revenue and risk is fundamental in finance. Risk-taking is awarded by possible high revenue. Low risk often means less revenue.However, in order to gain more revenue, you need to take more risks. You should carefully calculate the risk and balance it against revenue beforehand, or you will pay a high price for foolish investment bet.10)Which one is more important to the growth of the finance industry,innovation or regulation?Based on the text, both innovation and regulation are vital to the healthy growth of the finance industry. Without innovation, investors have fewer places to gain returns on their money and those seeking money would have much more difficulties in obtaining it. Thus innovation boosts the rapid growth of finance industry and brings benefits to more people both in developed countries and developing countries. However, innovation without proper regulation, such as the securities that no one knows how to exactly measure their risk, could lead the growth of the finance industry to a disastrous end.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:1)The government has taken many measures to bring down the prices of oil.2)Employees are asked to keep quiet about their year-end bonus.3)Regulators demand the monopoly company to split into smaller entities.4)It’s reported that China Telecom plans to spin off its network services unit in HK.5)The traffic had seized up for miles because of the accident.6)According to those representatives, new forces are at work in the refiningindustry.7)We shall never know how she managed to acquire her promotion; there is no wayto account for it.8) A nationwide law aimed at stamping out passive smoking in public spaces inSwitzerland came into force on Saturday.9)Innovations will bring about dramatic changes in this industrial sector.10)I would say that, on balance, it hasn't been a bad year.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1) liquidity crisis a) a bank that provides checking accounts,savings accounts, and money market accountsand that accepts time deposits. 62) leveraged buy-out b) a company issues common stock or shares tothe public for the first time. 53) credit crunch c) the situation in which a business experiences alack of cash required to grow the business, payfor day-to-day operations, or meet its debtobligations when they are due, causing it todefault. 14) over-the-counter securities d) the acquisition of another company usinga significant amount of borrowed money(bonds or loans) to meet the cost of acquisition.25) initial public offering e) a financial institution that assists individuals,corporations and governments in raisingcapital by underwriting and/or acting as theclient's agent in the issuance of securities. 8 6) commercial bank f) an aggressively managed portfolio ofinvestments that uses advanced investmentstrategies such as leveraged, long, short andderivative positions in both domestic andinternational markets with the goal ofgenerating high returns. 97) stress test g) a sharp increase in the interest rates and astrong decrease in allocated credits. 38) investment bank h) a process that measures whether oneinstitution has adequate capital and/or assetsto respond effectively to various, adversescenarios usually presented by a computerprogram. 79) hedge fund i) securities traded in some context other than ona formal exchange such as the NYSE, etc. 410) risk management j) the identification, assessment, andprioritization of risks followed by coordinatedand economical application of resources tominimize, monitor, and control the probabilityand/or impact of unfortunate events or tomaximize the realization of opportunities. 104.Translate the following into Chinese：在去年信贷危机爆发的时候，联邦的监管者们向国内的各主要金融机构注入了数以百亿计美元，而他们这么做的原因在于这些银行是如此之大以至于官员们担忧它们的破产将会拖垮整个金融体系。
新编商务英语精读2参考答案
新编商务英语精读2练习答案Unit 1Reading IPre-reading:1. Brainstorming: (Key for reference)1)W ords or expressions related with sports:2) Famous brands of sportswear:Exercises2. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.1. d2. b3. a4. d5. c1.Give the English word for the meaning provided.6. giant2.Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.1.contracted out2. to be named after3. at the heart of4.capitalized on5. fair share of6. close to7. cashed in8. in turn9. reinforces 10. Endorsed 11. be retained 12. dreams of2.Rewrite the following sentences and replace the italicized words withappropriate words or phrases from the text.1.She capitalized on Tom’s mistake in judgment and won the game.2.The conqueror imposed the acceptance of the conditions of peace on thedefeatedenemy.3.Our shop contracted with a local clothing firm for 100 jackets a week.4.His proposal has long been accepted ,yet so far it has not been putinto practice.5.The committee’s report fully endorses the government’s proposals.6.Although he was quite well off, Allan didn’t contribute money to asocial welfareprojects.7.The child was named after its father.Word study1.a.The county council has not yet given its consent to the impositionof any traffic regulations.b.The government is said to have imposed a heavy tax on the import ofluxuries.c.Teachers should try to avoid imposing their own beliefs on theirstudents.2.a. Local people were praised for their calm response to the crisis.b. Being able to praise yourself will give you power and control over your own life.c. The police deserve a lot of praise for the way they handled the situation.3.a.The dull boom of the cannons could be heard in the distance duringthe war.b.Service industry has been booming in that industrial country sincethe late 1970s.c.The impact of the property boom was first felt in the financialmarkets.4.a. Many young people have been contributing their time and energy to various kindsof social welfare projects.b. The government’s new policy contributed greatly to the commercial growth to thecountry.c. Henry wrote on some journals, appealing for contributions to cancer research.5.a.He tried to implement his plan in a hurry and people were reluctantto accept it.b. At the end of the day most departments have to be left alone toimplement policies.c.The two sides agreed upon an immediate implementation of the peaceplan as soon as it was signed.Post reading:1)2) The following are marketing strategies often adopted by some companies:a)to advertise the fine quality of a product and the benefit of usingthe productb)to increase advertising expenditures to match competitionc)to reduce price or provide price protectiond)to package in different sizes to meet different needse)to provide special services, superior delivery, broader distributionf)to use unique distribution channelsg)to offer better discounts to distributorh)to develop brand extensionsReading IIDictationA true sportsman is fair and generous. He is a good loser and a graceful winner. If a sportsman breaks a rule in sports, he is punished; if he is courageous and generous, he is respected by all. The winner is not expected to be proud, and the loser should have no reason to feel discouraged. Fair play is considered the spirit of sport. So everyone must obey the rules and the referee.Comprehension1. T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. T7. T8. NM9. F 10. FVocabulary1. c 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. bSpecial useI. The following sentences contain different expressions of a future event. Read them and explain the meaning of the italicized words in each sentence.1.To talk about the future, we can use will in all persons. Shall isalso possible in the first person (usually with the same meaning as will).2.Talking about intending to do something in the future, we often usewill with I and we, but not shall.3.The present simple is used to talk about future events which arealready ‘on a program’. This is particularly common when we refer to timetables.4.The present continuous indicates a future event, but it can also beabout an existing present situation: an invitation has been given and accepted.5.Be going to + infinitive here indicates that something is going tohappen because we can see it coming or we have present evidence. 6.Be + infinitive is often used to talk about arrangements which havebeen planned for the future.7.Be going to + infinitive is used here to express arrangement for afuture event.8.The future progressive can be used to indicate that an action willbe in progress at a particular moment in the future.9.Be about+infinitive is often used to talk about action alreadyplanned or arranged.10.Be on the point of + -ing V is often used to talk about somethingthat is going to happen very soon.II.Rewrite the following sentences with the suggested forms in the brackets. Make changes where necessary.1.We shall / will go back to see our childhood friends in the wintervacation.2.I will take care of the matter.3.The young man is going to take his girlfriend out on Sunday.4.I bet William will be working on Saturday.5.The New Year party is about to begin.6.The small ball is on the point of falling down from the desk.7.I’m to go and see my dentist this afternoon.8.Look at those dark clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.9.I’m seeing the doctor the day after tomorrow.10.Next Monday the Queen returns to London after her tour of theCommonwealth.III. Read the following story and use the verbs given in brackets to fill in the blanks. Make sure the verbs are in their appropriate (future) forms.1. is (Bob) coming/will (Bob) come2. ’ll (just) look/’m (just) looking3. is arriving/will arrive4. leaves5. arrives6. ’ll go and meet7. won’t know8. ’ll come9. ’re going10.’ll take11. am going to drive/will be driving/will drive12. ’re going to play/will be playing/will play13. ’ll be14.’ll be15. gets 16.’ll be17. ’ll be18. will wait/will be waiting19. ’m (just) about to turn/’m (just) turning 20. ’ll beTranslation1.The network sales executive began to put his plans into practice afterresearch and investigation.2.Because their mother didn’t have her pension, the two sisters eachcontributed $500 a month to support her.3.Uncle Jim thought that a rise in the market would enable him to cashin.4.For years Robinson struggled hard, working in turn as an accountant,an agent, and a project manager.5.Yesterday, a $500,000 worth of painting was stolen from the museum.6.The businessmen who came to take part in the East China Fair rolledin from all parts of the country.7.They naturally associated the matter with the promotional plan.8.The book focuses on concrete analysis of the feasibility of theprogram.9.After introducing advanced technology, we can put out 20 machines everymonth now.10.Scholarship students accounts for nearly three fifths of the wholeenrollment in our college.Cloze1. business2. stars3. court4. pitch5. advertising6. products7. richest 8. ring 9. SponsorsmoneyExtended activitiesI.New York New Yorker sail sailorcompute computer foreign foreignerdirect director serve servantassist assistant correspond correspondentshop shopper survive survivorinvest investor defend defendantimmigrate immigrant reside residentlead leader southern southerner1. shoppers2. immigrants3. residents4. computer5. survivors6. leader7. assistant 8. sailors9. southernersII.1. engineer2. mountaineer3. volunteer4. profiteer5. trainee6. appointee7. interviewee 8. Absenteethe following dialogues:1) Mr. King: If you don’t mind my saying so, your daughter is a very charmingyoung lady.Mrs. Smith: It’s very kind of you to say so.2) Susan is in a new blue sweater.Mary: What a beautiful sweater!Susan: Do you think it looks good on meMary: Yes, you look terrific in blue.Susan: I’m so pleased to hear that.Mary: Look, it matches your pants extremely well.Susan: Oh, you flatter me.Mary: No, I do like it very much. It must be very expensive.Susan: You won’t believe it, but it was really cheap.Mary: I wish I could find one just like it.3) Maggie bought a new pair of shoes.Maggie: What do you think of my new shoesCathy: They’re nice.Maggie: I’m glad you like them.Cathy: I like the color too. They match your dress very well.Maggie: Thank you for saying that. I bought them at half price.Cathy: That’s incredible! It is very lucky of you to find them.4) In an officeMr. Edward: You are a helpful assistant to me. I compliment you for yourexcellent work.Miss Simon: It’s very kind of you to mention it.Mr. Edward: If I may say so, you are the most efficient secretary I’ve ever met.Miss Simon: How kind of you to say so.Mr. Edward: You deserve it, really.5) Mr. Hunter: I’d like to express my admiration for your efficiency, Miss Smith.I’m wondering how you can manage to do all these in one day.Miss Smith: I’m glad you think s o. But I should say without my colleagues’cooperation, I wouldn’t have completed the job so soon.1.PUMA “VORTEX”.2.UMBRO “TACTIC” FOOTBALL.3.MITRE “INFINITY PRO” FOOTBAL. It’s made of synthetic.4.£6.5.ADIDAS “QUESTRA” ORBIT EUROPA F OOTBALL.6.Gilbert Rugby Ball.7.ADIDAS BASKETBALL. It’s made of rubber.8.It has adjustable goal height; the base is fitted with two wheels forfull portability; it can be delivered home free of charge.9.Cat. No. 300/1154.10.It doesn’t contain a backboard.Match the following words about sports with the Chinese equivalents.1.soccer j.足球2.judo m.柔道3.wrestling c.摔跤4.water polo v.水球5.badminton h.羽毛球6.figure skating a花样滑冰7.golf r.高尔夫球8.baseball e棒球9.rugby p.英式橄榄球cricket k.板球10.hockey s.(冰上)曲棍球11.boat race u赛船12.13softball b垒球.mountaineering i登山运动14.motor racing f摩托车竞赛15.boxing x拳击16.marathon race l马拉松赛跑17.skating y滑冰18.skiing d滑雪19.bowling o.保龄球20.21gymnastics g.体操.chess t国际象棋22.23weight-lifting q.举重.24martial arts n.武术.25shooting w射击.Unit 2Reading IPre-reading:1.Brainstorming: write down businesses which belong to different types of ownership(In many countries all of the types of business can be privately owned. Students may have different opinions about the current situation in China. In any case, the economic policy in China has changed a lot in recent years.)2.Pairwork:2) Ownership existing in China: state-owned, private ownership, public ownership, individual ownership, collective ownership, joint venture, foreign enterprise…5) Before the introduction of the policies of reform and opening to the outside world, China had a unitary public ownership economy, which lacked vitality. But since the reform and opening to the outside world, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of diversified economic elements while insisting on the primacy of public ownership. As a result, both the individual and private economies have developed rapidly. By the end of 1998, the registered industrial and commercial enterprises of individual and private ownership amounted to million, and they had million employees; Chinese-foreign joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises and foreign ventures numbered 325,000, absorbing billion yuan of foreign direct investments. The development and expansion of these enterprises have played important roles in many aspects, such as bringing convenience to people’s everyday lives, making up for the deficiency of construction funds, and introducing advanced technologies and management from abroad. At the same time the control of the public-ownership economy has been further strengthened. In 1999, the increased value of state-owned enterprises and industrial enterprises above a certain scale made up percent of the notion’s total gross domestic. Now the mutual development pattern for diversified ownership with the public ownership economy as the mainstay has been basically formed.Exercise:2.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.1. b2. a3. d4. b5. b6. b3. Give the English word for the meaning provided.4. Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to completethe sentences. Make changes where necessary.1. no more than2. to go into debt3.started, with4. will have to close down5. be defined, as6. consistedof7. accounts for 8. are liable for9. be offset10. Running out of 11. in the extent of 12.formalities5. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the italicized words withappropriate words or phrases from the text.annual output of the steel plant accounts for 40% of the total annualsteel output ofthe country.is not that old. I guess he is no more than45.3. Because of inefficiency of the management, the factory has closed down.had the advantage over other young people of being born into a wealthyandpowerful family.5. In that wicked place, honest people were considered as fools.6. Any adult is liable for whatever he says or does.6. Word studyKey1. a. There's a big difference between knowing that something is true, and being able to prove it.b. The heat in Arizona is different from the heat here, since it'svery dry.c. The two sides in the dispute still differ with each other over the question of pay.2. a. In Oxford Dictionary, the sportsman is defined as a good fellow who is fair toopponents.b.. People say that students are by definition idealistic and impatient.c. Each of us might define the concept of freedom in a slightlydifferent way.3. a. This nation, with its developed industry, seemed likely to dominate the whole ofWestern Europe.b. After some discussion, peace and development were adopted as the dominantthemes of the conference.c. As our dominance of the market is seriously threatened by this new product,efforts should be made to retain it.4. a. The consequences of the recession in that country have extended beyond itsborders.b. He is so fully occupied that his working day often extends well into the evening.c. With some acceptable reasons, the student has got an extension to finish writinghis thesis.5. a. Each of the classes will elect two students to represent for the conference.b. We discussed these issues with a senior representative of the company.c. In about 5years, the firm has established adequate representation in Europe.Post ReadingTask 1Students can be guided to compare the three types of ownership in terms of: business scale, product range, business volume, employee motivation, corporate reliability, financial standing, financial support, business owner’s responsibility, corporate management, operation efficiency, operation cost, cash flow…Task 2Reading IIDictationThe corporate form of ownership has several advantages. The first is its ability to attract financial resources. A second advantage is thatif the corporation attracts a large amount of capital, it can make large investments in plants, equipment and research. A third advantage is that a corporation can offer high salaries and thus attract talented managers.Comprehension1. T2. F3. F4. NM5. F6. F7. T8. F9. T10. FVocabulary1. b2. a3. d4. b5. c6. d7. a8. b9. c 10. cSpecial use1. 1) a 2) b 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) c 7) b 8) c 9) d 10) d2. 1) will be cleaned, will have been cleaned 2) has made, has been made3) being signed, signing/to be signed 4) has been resulted, has resulted5) be increased, increase 6) were not agreed, didn’t agree7) was put, was put forward 8) being repaired, is being repaired9) encouraged, was encouraged 10)would be set, (should) be set Translation1.They will have to close down soon because business has been badrecently.2.We are running out of typing paper, so let the secretary buy someas soon as possible.3.The committee for cultural development consists of 10 famous expertsfrom 8 universities of the country.4.The Post Office is not liable for damage to a parcel by mail if itis not insured.5.The supermarket goes into debt due to bad management.6.The small company, which had no more than 10 people 5 years ago, nowhas developed into a big business with 3 subsidiary companies.7.Prices of oil range from $28 to $30 a barrel in the internationalmarket.8.Selling is defined as assisting customers and helping them make awise buying decision.9.This business serves customers in the form of high-quality products.10.Most consumers are dissatisfied with the after-sales services ofcomputers.Cloze1. unpopular2. an3. employees4. privatisation5. defense6. concern7. sums 8. tax-payer 9. SinceExtended activitiesI.II.lazy laziness criticize criticismpartner partnership relation relationshiplikely likelihood careless carelessnessideal idealism leader leadershipscholar scholarship mother motherhoodadult adulthood tour tourismshy shyness friendly friendlinesschild childhood hero heroism1. Tourism2. childhood3. Laziness4. shyness5. scholarship6. helplessness7. relationship 8. heroism9. likelihood1. Complete the following dialogues:1) Mike: Is there any chance of my borrowing your typewriterTom: For how longMike: Until next Monday.Tom: Yes, I think that would be all right.2) Mr. White: Hi, Mr. Johnson. Can you spare me a few minutes I’m totallyconfused by these accounts. Could you give me some adviceMr. Johnson: What accounts Oh, just leave them to me. Yo u’re a new hand afterall.Mr. White: Thank you for the offer, but I have to learn how to deal with themall by myself eventually.3) On the trainPassenger A: Excuse me. Is this seat takenPassenger B: No, it’s not.Passenger A: Oh, thank you.Passenger B: Oh, what a heavy trunk! Can I give you a handPassenger A: (He puts his trunk in the overhead rack.) No, thank you.I can manage,really.Passenger A: It’s hot, isn’t it Could you oblige me by opening the windowPassenger B: My pleasure.4) Susan: Would you be so kind as to let me stay with you for a few daysElsa: It really depends on when.Susan: Until next weekend, if it’s OK.Elsa: Oh, I’m so sorry. My sister will visit me the day after tomorrow.5) Mr. Blake: May I ask a favor of youMiss Stewart: YesMr. Blake: Could I bother you to get Mr. Irvin at Account Department on thetelephone for meMiss Stewart: All right. Let me do it for you. (She dials.) Hello, Mr. Blake calling Mr. Irvin, please. (to Mr. Blake) He’s on the phone. (She hands him thereceiver.)Mr. Blake: Mr. Irvin, I’m awfully sorry to say that I find myself in an embarrassing situation. I made another lunch date for today and forgot to enter it in my appointment book. May I bother you to set aside half an hour for me tomorrow noon6) Michelle: Oh, Harry, what’s up Why are you staying up so lateHarry: Today’s translation assignment is very difficult and I haven’t finishedit yet.Michelle: Would you like me to do it for youHarry: It’s very kind of you to offer, but I think I can do it myself.7) Mrs. Smith: Philip, Philip, can you give me a handMr. Smith: OK, darling.Mrs. Smith: Would you please join me in the kitchen It’s getting late and we have vegetables to prepare.Mr. Smith: Leave it to me. I’ll make the vegetable salad.Robbie: Mom, how about me preparing the apple pieMrs. Smith: No, it’s all right. You just relax with your grandpa. I’ll get you to help serve later.8) Cathy: Would you mind if I turn the TV on There’s a cowboy film onchannel 8.Fanny: Really Wonderful! I’d like to watch it too. By the way, will you do mea favorCathy: YeahFanny: I was wondering if you could lend me your car tomorrow.Cathy: No problem.1. unlucky in love2. in tears3. courtship4. agreement, agreement5. woo, woo6. on-off7. Romance 8. leap into bed9. dealMatch the following words about company ownership and economy with their Chinese equivalents.1.global corporation33．全球公司2.multinational corporation31．跨国公司3.holding company21．控股公司4.trading company32．贸易公司5.trust company20．信托公司6.subsidiary company2．子公司7.paper company8．皮包公司8.parent company9．母公司9.industrial company 1.工业公司10.public limited company (PLC)3．(股票)上市公司11.private limited company17．私营有限公司12.public utility company24．公用事业公司13.big business5．大企业14.small business18．小企业26．中、小型公司15.small and medium-sizedcompany16.conglomerate15．联合大企业17.overseas-funded enterprises12．外资企业18.joint venture4．合资企业19.single-proprietor business30．独资企业20.partnership business14．合伙企业21.joint-stock company29．股份公司22.non-stock corporation35．非股份公司23.state enterprise25．国有企业24.public sector28．公共部门25.private sector13．私营部门26.manufacturing sector6．生产部门27.service sector34．服务业部门28.nationalization19．国有化29.privatization10．私有化30.planned economy22．计划经济31.market economy11．市场经济32.knowledge economy7．知识经济33.economy of scale16．规模经济34.mixed economy27．混合经济35.controlled economy23．受控经济Unit 3Reading IPre-reading:1. Brainstorming: (Key for reference)Exercise2. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.1. b2. c.3. b4. d5. c3. Give the English word for the meaning provided.1. fashion6. privilege4. Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.1. in a way2. affordable3. in addition4. compete with5. has been trickling down6. based on7. appealing to8. has been handed down9. belief 10. is, disapproved of11. are more concerned with12. symbol 13. to speak of 14. rather than 15.originate5. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the italicized words withappropriate words or phrases from the text.1.This man is concerned with environmental protection.2.It is no good for people to compete with each other.3.Direct taxation is usually based on income.4.In order to find a better job than the present one, Jack workedhard and learned some necessary skills in addition.5.You should classify the information you have collected at yourown convenience.6.It is a pity that classical music nowadays appeals to fewuniversity students.7.Reading this novel, we can identify (ourselves) with the maincharacter.6. Word study1. a. The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable publicconcern.b.Deeply concerned at the news of an air-crash, Mr. Smith calledthe airline company for further information.c. A civil servant should be always concerned for the welfare ofthe people.2. a. Mail has to be classified in post office according to where it is to go.b. Eggs are classified by weight as Extra Large, Large, Medium, Small, and Peewee.c. The classification of books in the library helps people to find more easily thebooks they want.1.a. Identified as one of the most popular singers, Cathy was surrounded by herfans and pressed to leave signatures for them.b. It seems to some people quite natural to identify poverty with crime.c. To defend against loss or theft, the cards usually require the user to enter a personal identification number as well.4. a. The argument that the use of steam engine originated many other reforms isgenerally agreed upon.b. Today's ceremony is a modern version of a tradition which has its origins in medieval times.c. It's not a bad movie, but there's nothing very original about it.5. a. Feminists rejected traditional notions of the role of women in society..b. The young man keeps applying for jobs but constant rejections havedepressed and discouraged him.c. Catherine rejected many suitable men before settling on Tom.Post-readingTask 1Fashion was one means by which people competed with one another.People hope to raise their social position by following the fashions of privileged people.Fashion is a form of nonverbal communication that provides a way for people to express their identities and values.People follow fashion to make them more attractive.People treat fashion as a symbol of rebellious political and social beliefs.Reading IIDictationWhat is your dress sense like Do all clothes suit you Can you wearany style or color you like and still look good For most of us,the answer is no. We have to choose our clothes carefully to suit ourselves and the shape of our body.Patterns make things look different, so if you are not as slim asyou would like to be, wear dark colors or choose suitable patterns.If you are tall and thin, don’t wear vertical stripes. A T-shirtwith horizontal stripes, on the other hand, will make your shoulderslook broader.Comprehension1. F2. T3. T4. F5. NM6. T7. F8. T9. F10. FVocabulary1. c2. b3. a4. a5. a6. d7. d8. c9. b10. bTranslation1.Though we’re not concerned with who is right or wrong, we want tofind out the cause of the accident.2.This chain store sells a variety of men’s wear and women’s wear.3.It turned out that the gold watch of the hotel manager had been handeddown to him from one generation to another in his family.4.The size of garments can be classified into four types: small, medium,large and extra large.5.Hemingway was good at describing bullfighting, which originated inSpain.6.In a way, the entrepreneurs with the most practical experience arethe wisest and the most capable.7.It was because of its challenging nature that the chance of workingabroad appealed to him.8.The committee disapproved of the proposal because they were notwilling to run the risk of losing money.9.As the phrase was used repeatedly, it began to take on a differentmeaning.10.Many recent immigrants to America often cling to the values of theirown nations.Cloze1. demanding2. Models3. under4. Advertisers5. pose6. in7. follow 8. acting 9. desiredExtended activitiesI.cover →coverage long→length propose →proposal marry→marriage warm→warmth survive→survivalstore→storage true→truth refuse→refusalpack→package grow→growth dismiss→dismissalstop→stoppage young→youth arrive→arrivalblock→blockage wide→width bury→burialII.patient patience inefficient inefficiencybrave bravery curious curiositycertain certainty machine machineryattend attendance current currencyinfant infancy honest honestyexpect expectancy slave slaverybake bakery major majoritydepend dependence secret secrecy1. secrecy2. machinery3. certainty4. accuracy5. inefficiency6. patience7. bakery 8. majority。
商务英语阅读(第二版)+大学英语翻译教程(第三版)答案
王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富 Unit8 The decade of Steve 课后答案
Unit 8The decade of SteveExercises1.Answer the questions on the text.1)What makes the story of Steve Jobs so incredible and remarkable?So perseverant in his goals;Experiencing and overcoming so many difficulties and frustrations;Dominating in as many as four distinct industries;Running Apple so well------creatively, competitively, and profitably;Miraculously returning from his fatal diseases.2)What are the four markets that Steve Jobs reorganized and dominated?Music, movies, mobile telephones as well as computing.3)Why is he regarded as the rare businessman?Predilections unique to him.Distinctive design taste and elegant retail stores.Outside-the box approach to advertisingA showman, born salesman, and a magician.Legitimate worldwide celebrityAlways making products customers want to buy.Visionary but grounded in reality.Motivated not by money, but by a visceral ardor for Apple.4)What astounding achievements has Steve Jobs made up to date?Increasing corporate worth from $5 billion in 2000 to $170 billion now.Moving from cash drain and near bankruptcy to $34 billion in cash and market securities.275 retail stores in 9 countries with 73% share of US MP3 player market, and undisputed leadership in mobile phone innovation.His personal net worth about $5 billion.5)What was the first important success of Steve’s team?It created the first Macintosh (iMac), a breakthrough all-in-one computer and monitor. With drastic cost cutting and lucrative sales, it greatly improved the Apple’s balance sheet and financially got Apple well prepared for big investments and business leap.6)Why did Steve object to Ellison buy out Apple in 1997?Because he didn’t like people to second-guess the intention of his return (as making money) and wanted to take high moral ground so that he could easy and graceful decisions.7)Why did Steve build Apple-owned retail stores and some have doubts?Because through the building of retail stores, Steve could establish direct contact with customers, get to know what they really want, and fill the stores with allthose products.But some people at the time, even members of the board had great doubts about establishing retail stores. They are extremely nervous that the stores might become a risky cash drain.8)What are the outstanding qualities reflected from Jobs’integration ofmicromanagement with big-picture vision?# Micro-management:Consciousness/ dedication/ concentrationHe tries to know everything about Apple. He is involved in so many details that people can hardly believe. He is so detailed that he might tell an ad writer that the third word in the fourth paragraph wasn’t right.# Big-picture vision:Acumen for market changeHe recognized gorgeous design as differentiator for Apple.Creative, innovative and visionary in product developmentClients responded “Give me the next Steve Jobs”Knack for taking opportunities at the right momentHe made iTunes compatible with Windows and expanded Apple market to all PCs.He developed Apple’s own digital-music sales stores.9)How did Steve Jobs master the message?Carefully consider what he and Apple say and don’t say to the public.Rehearse time and again before speaking publicly.Authorize only a small number of executives to speak publicly.He is careful to avoid overexposure.Nobody is supposed to speak without the permission of Apple’s media relations team reporting directly Steve Jobs.10) How did Steve Jobs handle Apple’s stock options backdating scandal?He remained silent initially but later in the report to SEC he admitted and apologized for the change of option grant dates for employee benefits. He said it was totally inappropriate for Apple to do.11) Whom did Steve Jobs thank and why when he returned?He thanked Tim Cook (Apple’s chief operating officer) for excellent running of the company during his absence.He also thanked a twentysomething who died in a car crash for donating his liver.12) How do people feel about the future of Apple?Though some are worried about its future due to Steve’s health problem, most are confident about its future because:He is a fabulous brand and irreplaceable person.He has educated and influenced Apple employees well enough to think and behave like him.His influence has gone beyond Apple and become a hero for the IT industry.His pursuit for secrecy and surprise and proven brilliance will ensure greater successes for Apple in the future.2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below. Make changes when necessary.1)When the starlet was asked about her new boyfriend, she couldn’t help but gushabout him and their intimate plans for Valentine’s Day.2)The leaking of as many as 251,000 State Department documents, including secretembassy reports from around the world, is nothing short of a political meltdown for US foreign policy.3)With very critical views on the government economic policies, she often palsaround with those scholars who also take rather radical stance on economic issues.4)It is high time for everyone in the department to kick into full gear and fulfill oursales quota by the end of the year.5)The mother did whatever possible to prevent her son from hanging out with theguy who she thought was up to nothing good.6)Obama’s victory in the election was viewed by many as progress in the UnitedStates. But I think his ethnicity is beside the point.7)The neighbors said what happened was totally out of character for the womanthey knew as quiet and friendly.8)Unfortunately, the firm has not been able to pare) production cost to the level thatmatches its competitors in the market.9)On the back of strong corporate earnings reports from a number of firms last week,coupled with the improving unemployment rate, investor sentiment was bolstered on the first trading day of the week.10)The team is expected to take a vote tonight that could set in motion a new plan torevitalize the financial market.11)It was a long time before our business partners could catch on to what we reallyintended.12)As a shrewd man, he successfully pounced at the opportunity last year to becomethe marketing manager.3.Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A______________________ B________________________________________ 1)market share A) A group of advisors, originally to a political candidate,for their expertise in particular fields, but now to anydecision makers, whether or not in politics. 62)cash drain B) The rate of new product development, which isgetting faster with more severe competition andfaster technological advancement. 103)shareholder wealth C) Percentage or proportion of the total availablemarket or market segment that a product orcompany takes. 14)net worth D) A group of executives employed to manage aproject, department, or company with theirparticular expertise or skills. 55)management team E) A person, project, business or company thatcontinues to consume large amounts of cash withno end in sight. 26)brain trust F) A person or firm that invests in a businessventure, providing capital for start-up orexpansion, and expecting a higher rate of returnthan that for traditional investments. 97)balance sheet G) The wealth shareholders get to accrue from theirownership of shares in a firm, which can beincreased by raising either share prices ordividend payments. 38)captains of industry H) A financial statement that summarizes acompany's assets, liabilities and shareholders'equity at a specific point in time. 79)Venture capitalist I) Total assets minus total liabilities, an importantdeterminant of the value of a company, primarilycomposed of all the money that has been investedand the retained earnings for the duration of itsoperation. 410)product cycle L) A business leader who is especially successfuland powerful and whose means of amassing apersonal fortune contributes substantially to thecountry in some way. 84.Translate the following passage into Chinese:头已秃顶，留着胡须的他坐在其超大的华盛顿办公室内谈论着经济话题，从眼神可看出显得疲劳。
新编商务英语阅读教程(第二版)参考答案
《《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案》来自南京廖华在线阅读本文：《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。
王关富《商务英语阅读》(第二版)参考答案
王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
商务英语阅读第二版课后练习题含答案
商务英语阅读第二版课后练习题含答案商务英语是一门应用广泛的英语，商务英语的学习不仅可以增进学生对英语的掌握程度，同时也可以提高学生商务英语应用能力。
商务英语阅读是商务英语中非常重要的部分。
本文将针对《商务英语阅读第二版》的课后练习题进行分析，并提供题目答案供学生参考和练习。
第一章商务读物练习一1.What is the most important organizational principle in amemo?答案：clear organization.2.What kind of information do people NOT usually write in afax?答案：information that’s too long or personal.3.What is the mn advantage of a letter over other kinds ofcorrespondence?答案：the formality of the letter can reflect the importance of the correspondence.练习二1.In memo writing, what does the author suggest as a goodorganizational device?答案：section headings.2.Why is it important to make sure that a fax is fully self-contned?答案：because faxes can be separated from their cover pages, it is important to make sure they are fully self-contned.3.Describe one way that e-ml differs from other kinds ofcorrespondence.答案：e-ml is informal and often contns conversational language.第二章商务智能练习一1.How is a database different from a spreadsheet?答案：in a database, data is organized into tables while in a spreadsheet, data is organized alphabetically.2.What is the primary purpose of a data warehouse?答案：to store data for analysis and decision making.3.What is a data cube?答案：a set of data that is organized in a way that makes it easy to analyze.练习二1.What is data mining?答案：the process of analyzing data to discover patterns and correlations.2.What is the difference between a data mart and a datawarehouse?答案：a data mart contns a subset of data from a larger data warehouse, while a data warehouse contns all data.3.What is OLAP?答案：online analytical processing is a tool for analyzing and presenting data in a multi-dimensional way.第三章电子商务练习一1.What is B2B e-commerce?答案：business-to-business e-commerce is the exchange of goods and services between businesses conducted digitally.2.What is the mn advantage of e-commerce for businesses?答案：e-commerce can increase accessibility and lower overhead costs.3.What is EDI?答案：electronic data interchange is a system for transferring business documents electronically.练习二1.What is C2C e-commerce?答案：consumer-to-consumer e-commerce is the exchange of goods and services between individuals conducted digitally.2.What is the difference between a shopping cart system and apayment gateway?答案：a shopping cart system allows users to add items to a virtual shopping cart, while a payment gateway is a system for processing online payments.3.What is m-commerce?答案：mobile commerce is the exchange of goods and services conducted through mobile devices.以上是对商务英语阅读第二版课后练习题的分析和答案。
商务英语阅读（第二版）王关富Unit13privateequity课后答案
商务英语阅读（第二版）王关富Unit13privateequity课后答案Unit 13The Business of Making MoneyExercises1. Questions on the text:1)What are the latest developments in private equity in recent years?Compared to the 1980s, the targets of today’s private equity groups are much bigger in size. In recent years, the private equity industry has raised record money and its share of mergers and acquisitions has grown massively. The industry has also become a byword for money-making skills but its wealth has also brought many enemies.2)According to the article, what are the main inconveniences for a company tobe a publicly quoted company?The main inconveniences for a publicly quoted company include: its executives have to face intrusive media coverage; it has to obey strict and long corporate-governance codes; it also has to face the threats of activist investors and short sellers and the scrutiny by some politicians.3)What are the main reasons for a company to get listed ona stockmarket?Traditionally there are three main reasons to get a company’s share listed on a stockmarket. The first is to raise capital, either to expand the business or to allow the founders to realise their wealth. The second is to help retain staff, who can be offered share options as an incentive to stay and work hard. Thethird involves prestige; customers, suppliers and potential employees may be reassured (and attracted) by the apparent seal of approval given by a public listing. Meanwhile, being publicly listed gives a company better access to fund investors and retail investors.4)Why are companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies reluctant to borrow frombanks?Companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies were reluctant to borrow from banks because their often felt nervous about the possibility of the sudden withdrawal of credit from the banks, due to a change in lending policy, new management or an economic downturn.5)According to the article, what are the main sources for today’s compan ies toraise money (including equity capital and debt)?Nowadays the main sources for companies to raise money are: first, equity market; second, banks, though much less important than they used to be; third, bond market; fourth, private equity.6)How do private-equity firms respond to the problems identified by ProfessorJensen with regard to public companies?Professor Jensen argued that the structure of a public company creates an inherent conflict between investors and the managers they hire to run the business, particularly with regard to the use of free cash flow. He also argued thatborrowing imposed discipline on executives. Private-equity firms have applied his argument in practice by gearing up the balance sheets of companies they buy with more debt thanpublic firms are willing to accept. Though private equity firms, in the process, often have a bad reputation for relentlessly cutting unprofitable operations and shedding jobs, academic studies suggest that they create jobs rather than destroy them.7)What are the similarities and differences between today’s private-equityfirms and the conglomerates of the 1970s and 1980s？Similarities between today’s private-equity firms and the conglomerates of the 1970s and 1980s are: first, both of them use their financial power to construct diverse industrial empires; second, both claim that they could improve the companies they owned through superior management. The differences are: first, the conglomerates used highly rated shares to buy companies while private-equity firms use borrowed money; second, the conglomerates used to make ever-bigger acquisitions continuously to expand while private-equity firms claim to sell regularly their portfolio companies or business for profit.8)What make it impossible for the private-equity model to become the normfor companies?There are several reasons: first, what might be logical for an individual company might not be best for the economy overall. If all companies were to substitute debt for equity on the scale that private-equity firms have, there would be an increase in the cost of debt. That would lead to lower equity returns; second, since private-equity firms need an exit route to sell their investments, a public market will be needed in the end for someone to realise their profit; third, a bigger role for private equity might make the economy more vulnerable because in a world where most companies carried private-equity-style debtlevels, companies would be much more vulnerable and recessions might become much more frequent and consequently monetary policy would become more difficult, and even government revenues might be affected.9)According to the article, what factors have helped the development ofprivate-equity firms since 2003?Those factors are: low interest rates, lots of liquidity and rising asset prices10)What are the signs showing that private-equity firms may now face the peakof the cycle？Those signs are: first, bond yields have been rising, making takeovers more expensive; second, the high level of corporate profits suggests that it could be difficult for private-equity firms to wring more money out of these companies;third, the relentless campaign against private-equity tax privileges may lead to government actions against the interests of private-equity firms; last, more and more private-equity deals often leads to more competition and thus lower returns.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:1)The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused bybad weather.2) A popular bicycle rental scheme in Paris that has transformed travel in the cityhas run into problems just 18 months after its successful launch.3)China’s import as a proportion of total trade hassubstantially increased in recentyears as it’s been pursuing a more balanced trade.4) A growing pile of evidence shows that skimping on sleep promotes weight gain.5)Such a move would put the bank in danger of going bust.6)We have turned down four applicants already.7)When you're cooking, you should keep all the ingredients close at hand.8)She wrote to him in the belief that he would help her.9)Dr. Cong will continue to lead the company as its CEO and hold a stake in it forthree years.10)A lot of questions were being asked at the conference today and surprisingly theofficials answered them in spades.11)In the absence of outside leadership, we have created these guidelines in order torespond timely and effectively.12)With the joining of South Africa, the Bric club of influential emerging economiesis now in pursuit of a common market among them.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1) corporate governance a) An investor who attempts to force a corporation tomake changes in management, board structure,investment policies, use of retained earnings, orother practices, often by introducing shareholderproposals or putting forward alternative directors.62) bridge financing b) An interest group that endeavors to influencepublic policy and especially governmentallegislation, regarding its particular concerns andpriorities. 83) trade union c) A privilege, sold by one party to another, thatgives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, tobuy or sell a stock at an agreed-upon price within acertain period or on a specific date. 104) stakeholder d) A method of financing, used by companies beforetheir IPO, to obtain necessary cash for themaintenance of operations. 25) short seller e) The set of processes, customs, policies, laws, andinstitutions affecting the way a corporation (orcompany) is directed, administered or controlled. 1 6) activist investor f) A n organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as higherwages or better working conditions. 37) venture capital g) The process of buying an undervalued companywith the intent to sell off its assets for a profit. 9 8) pressure group h) An investor who sells a commodity, currency, or security which he or she does not own at the timeof sale. 59) asset stripping i) Money provided by investors to startup firms andsmall businesses with perceived long-term growthpotential. 710) stock option j) Person, group, or organization that has direct orindirect stake in an organization because it canaffect or be affected by the organization's actions,objectives, and policies. 44.Translate the following into Chinese:出于几个原因，上市的前景对私募股权投资公司而言具有相当的吸引力。
新世纪商务英语本科生商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit11答案
新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit11答案Unit11Part I Background Information“物流”的英文是logistics,原意是“军事后勤保障”。
二战后，物流的概念被广泛运用于经济领域。
所谓物流，是指从原材料和零部件的采购、装卸运输、转运生产、包装、贮存、配送、销售到最终将商品送达用户手中的整个过程所涉及的各个环节中物品移动的流程形态。
物流活动包括用户服务、需求预测、订单处理、配送、存货控制运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。
现代意义上的物流发端于二十世纪五六十年代，成熟于七八十年代，只有不到半个世纪的发展史，但是物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一。
在当今的信息时代，随着电子商务的不断发展，全球物流产业有了新的发展趋势。
物流业已经成为经济全球化过程中最重要的话题之一。
现伐物流服务的核心目标是在物流全过程中以最小的综合成本来满足顾客的需求。
我国的物流产业正处于高速增长的上升阶段，存在着巨大的市场潜力与广阔的发展前景。
Part II Notes to the TextsText A Supply-Chaining1.I had never seen what a supply chain looked like in action until I visited Wal-Martheadquarters in Bentonville,Arkansas.我从来没看过供应链实际的运作，直到我去参观了阿肯色州班多维尔的沃尔玛总部。
2.These little conveyor belts fed into a bigger belt,like streams feeding into a powerful river.这些小传送带通向一个较大的传送带，就像溪流汇合成大河。
商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富-Unit-6-Goodbye--Free-Trade-课后答案
Unit 6Goodbye, Free Trade?Exercises1.Answer the questions on the text.1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930?The economic recession in the United States became even worse.2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates?It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo.3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public’s stronganti-free-trade sentiment in the United States?They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought they could benefit in the mid-term elections.4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act?Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s.5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for theGreat Depression?The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers afterthe Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was enacted?The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors.7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eyeof the author?(1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it was inthe 1930s.(2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often end uphurting American industries and consumers.(3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreignretaliation against US exporters.8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from thegold standard and those clinging to it during the 1930s according to the author?Those countries going off the gold standard allowed their currencies to depreciate, avoided protectionist trade policies and, instead, used monetary policy to end price deflation and stimulate economic growth.Those countries choosing to stay on pursued protectionist trade policies by imposing high tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls, which did little in boosting their economic growth. Thus they suffered a longer economic depression.9) How does the author justify his support for the policy of "quantitativeeasing"?(1) Historically, the most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the1930s was a monetary policy that would promote economic growth.Today the US is in a similar situation. Taking right monetary policy can alleviate the pressure on Washington to adopt protectionist trade policy and can help to raise output before it leads to a high inflation.(2) He also quotes what Charles Evens said: Additional measures taken by the Fedto stimulate growth should condoned, not condemned.(3) What Mr. Friedman wrote 1997 about Japan: The surest road to a healthyeconomic recovery is to increase the rate of monetary growth, to shift from tight money to easier money.10) What does the author imply about the US Congress?In comparison with the Fed, the US Congress is following a trade protectionist policy in blaming other countries for its unemployment and may cause serious trade retaliations from trading partners.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)As the financial scandal involves so many people, the probe in to it could dragon for another year.2)In the age of globalization more individuals are forced to integrate intomultinational work teams.3)Many in Europe are now very much worried that it may sink into a Japan-styleeconomic recession.4)But the business leaders yesterday warned against interest rate rises, arguing thatinflation was being driven not by consumer spending, but by rising commodity prices.5)After the call scandal, the American automakers and some politicians there wereso eager to keep their rival Toyota at bay in the auto market.6)Under the current labor law, two categories of employees are exempt fromminimum wage and overtime requirements.7)Though the local partner made a revised offer, the foreigner investor refused andreverted back to the original agreement conditions.8)Last Friday the two parties met for more than five hours only to end up walkingaway from the table once again, reaching no agreement at all.9)When the government supervises banks, it should take into account their payand bonus structures which may often be the source of corruption.10)The customers severely affected in the incident demanded that the company putin place effective measures to avoid occurrence of such things in the future. 11)It’s critical to take hold of any opportunity coming your way because it willnever come back again once lost.12)At times of economic depression, people are more inclined to unethical means intheir business.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A__________________________ B____________________________________ 1)unfair trade A) Restrictions that governments put in placeon the purchase or sale of a foreign or localcurrency, particularly by those in shortageof hard currencies. 62) real estate B) Escalation of protectionism between two ormore countries that impose punitive tariffsand barriers in retaliation for each other. 83) business cycle C) A general decline in prices often caused bya reduction in the money supply or a decreasein spending. 54) trade protectionism D) Unjustifiable and discriminatory policiesand supports by a government to its ownfirms, ranging from export subsidies to anti-competitive practices. 15) price deflation E) Land, buildings, homes or anything fixed,immovable, or permanently attached that canbe traded in the market. 26) exchange control F) The policy of imposing duties or quotas onimports in order to protect home jobs,markets or industries from overseascompetition. 97) competitive currency devaluation G) A company or country with whom you havean ongoing business relationship and engagein importing or exporting activities. 108) trade war H) A predictable long-term pattern ofeconomic activity that an economyexperiences four stages including decline,recession, recovery and boom. 39) import barriers I) The currency devaluation by a governmentto make its goods more competitive in theinternational markets. 710) trading partner L) The economic policy of restrainingbusiness between states through a variety ofgovernment actions to discourage importsand prevent foreign take-over of domesticmarkets and companies. 44. Translate the following passage into Chinese.按官方的说法，中美间过去三天日益严重的贸易纠纷涉及轮胎、鸡肉和汽车，但实际上远远超出此范围。
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《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。
在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。
这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。
然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。
如出了故障，我们必须更多地了解踏板的运行原理。
这就引导我们进行微观的研究。
各个零件是如何发挥作用的？哪些零件能够被修理亦或应该得到修缮？Passage Two在寻找消费者行为的解释时，我们不得不承认经济学中得不到所有的答案。
但它确实提供了一个有别于其它研究领域的独特视角。
虽然精神病学家和社会学家为各种不同的消费模式提供了诸多理由，但他们的解释都显得不够充分。
充其量，社会精神病学理论告诉我们为什么青少年、男人、女人渴望某种特定的商品或服务。
他们并未解释该实际购买哪种商品。
渴望只是消费过程中的第一步。
为了获得商品和服务，一个人必须愿意并且能够为他想要的东西付钱。
生产者不会因为你想满足自己的渴望（如弗洛伊德所说）而把他们的产品给你。
他们希望你用钱来交换他们的产品。
因此，价格和收入与更基本的渴望和偏好一样都与消费决策相关。
当然，在解释消费者行为时，经济学家把重点放在商品和服务的需求上。
说某人需要一件特定的商品意味着他有能力并且愿意按某种价格购买该商品。
在市场上，金钱至上：支付意愿和能力是关键。
决定一人购买特定商品的意愿和能力的因素有哪些？经济学家发现四大影响消费者需求的因素：偏好、收入、预期以及其它商品的价格。
请再次注意，渴望（偏好）只是决定需求的其中一个因素。
其它决定因素（收入、预期、其它商品）也会影响到一个人是否愿意并且能够按特定价格购买某件商品。
III.Passage oneThe market for a good consists of the actual and potential buyers and sellers of that good. For any given price, the demand curve shows the quantity that demanders would be willing to buy, and the supply curve shows the quantity that suppliers of the good would be willing to sell. Suppliers are willing to sell more at higher prices (supply curves slope upward) and demanders are willing to buy less at higher prices (demand curves slope downward). Market equilibrium, the situation in which all buyers and sellers are satisfied with their respective quantities at the market price, occurs at the intersection of the supply and demand curves. The corresponding price and quantity are called the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. Unless prevented by regulation, prices and quantities are driven toward their equilibrium values by the actions of buyers and sellers. If the price is initially too high, frustrated sellers will cut their price in order to sell more. If the price is initially too low, so that there is excess demand, competition among buyers drives the priceupward. This process continues until equilibrium is reached.Passage twoSome of the broad issues that macroeconomists study are: sources of economic growth and improved living stands; trends in average labor productivity (or output per employed worker); short-term fluctuations in the pace of economic growth (recessions and expansions); causes and cures of unemployment and inflation, economic independence among nations. To help explain differences in economic performance among countries, or in economic performance in the same country at different times, macroeconomists study the implementation and effects of macroeconomic policies. We defined macroeconomic policies as government policies that affect the performance of the economy as a whole. There are three major types of macroeconomic policy: monetary policy, fiscal policy and structural policy. The term monetary policy refers to the determination of the nation’s money supply. Fiscal policy refers to decisions that determine the government’s budget, and the term structural policy includes government policies aimed at changing the underlying structure, or institutions, of the nation’s economy.IV.Passage Onedriven, accounts, weaker, as, over, linked, dependent, firm, slow, share, contribution, impact, relying, growth, domesticPassage twocharges, perfectly, greater, inequality, level, reason, competitive, price, trends, structures, relatively, that, in, allocating, createdV.2. F3. A4. D5. B6. EUnit TwoI.1. 最惠国待遇J2. 关税与贸易总协定I3. 服务贸易总协定K4. 与贸易相关的知识产权H5. 自由贸易区C6. 国民待遇B7. 贸易壁垒L8. 多哈发展议程D9. 倾销E10. 政府采购A11. 乌拉圭回合G12. 过度型经济（体）FII.Passage One关贸总协定的主要条款序言缔约各国政府认为在处理它们的贸易和经济事业的关系方面，应以提高生活水平、保证充分就业、保证实际收入和有效需求的巨大持续增长、扩大世界资源的充分利用以及发展商品的生产与交换为目的。
期望达成互惠互利协议，导致大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易壁垒，取消国际贸易中的歧视待遇，以对上述目的作出贡献。
经各国代表谈判达成如下协议：第一条一般最惠国待遇1．在……关税方面，在输出和输入的规章手续方面……一缔约国对来自或运往其他国家的产品所给予的利益、优待、特权或豁免，应当立即无条件地给予来自或运往所有其他缔约国的相同产品。
第三条国内税与国内规章的国民待遇1．各缔约国认为：国内税和其他国内费用，影响产品的国内销售……的法令、条例和规定在对进口产品或国产品实施时，不应用来对国内生产提供保护。