PLANT MAINTENANCE
plant的用法总结大全
plant的用法总结大全plant有植物，草木,设备,工厂,庄稼的意思。
那你们想知道plant的用法吗?今天给大家带来了plant的用法,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。
plant的用法总结大全plant的意思n. 植物，草木,设备,工厂,庄稼vt. 种植,安，插,建设，布置,移民于变形：过去式: planted; 现在分词：planting; 过去分词：planted;plant用法plant可以用作名词plant的基本意思是“植物”,一般是指比树木小的植物,是可数名词。
plant作“工厂,车间”解时指生产某种固定产品的工厂,现多指重工业工厂(如电器或机械制造业的工厂),是可数名词。
plant用作不可数名词时可表示“(用于工业生产中的)仪器、设备、机器、机构或建筑物等”。
plant用作名词的用法例句All plants need water and light.所有的植物都需要水和阳光。
THe plant will come into bud in spring.那种植物将在春天发芽。
After that we went on a tour of the plant.然后我们参观了工厂。
plant可以用作动词plant用作动词时意思是“种植,栽,播种”,指将种子埋入地下使其生根发芽,或将幼嫩的植物连根从一处挖出,然后再将其根部埋入另一个地方。
引申可指“将某物安放在某处”或“建立”。
plant只用作及物动词时,后接名词或代词作宾语。
可用于被动结构。
plant可统指—切设备、机器、工具等，做单数名词。
These works are equipped with modern plant.这些工作全部配备了现代化的设备。
plant用作动词的用法例句April is the time to plant trees.四月是种树的时候。
Intel has its companys largest semiconductor plant outside the U. S. near Dublin.英特尔在美国以外邻近都柏林设立了该公司最大的半导体厂。
SAP Plant Maintenance（SAP PM）教程说明书
About the T utorialSAP Plant Maintenance (SAP PM) is a software product that manages all maintenance activities in an organization. Plant Maintenance module consists of key activities to include inspection, notifications, corrective and preventive maintenance, repairs, and other measures to maintain an ideal technical system.AudienceThis tutorial has been prepared for anyone who has a basic knowledge of Plant Maintenance activities like inspection and maintenance. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in Plant Maintenance activities and possess fair knowledge of the key functions mentioned in this tutorial. PrerequisitesBefore you start proceeding with this tutorial, we assume that you are well-versed with the basic meaning of terms like inspection, maintenance, breakdown and other key terms related to Plant Maintenance.You should also have a basic understanding of other SAP modules like Material Management, Sales and Distribution, and Production Planning. If you are not aware of these concepts, then we recommend that you first go through an overview chapter of any of these modules.Disclaimer & CopyrightCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************.T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Disclaimer & Copyright (i)Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i i 1.SAP PM − OVERVIEW.. (1)Key Functions of Plant Maintenance (1)Integration with Other Modules (1)2.SAP PM − TECHNICAL O BJECTS (3)Maintenance Plant (3)Maintenance Planning (3)Structure of Technical Objects (4)Creating a Functional Location (5)3.SAP PM − EQUIPMENT M ASTER RECORD (11)Representing an Object as an Equipment or as a Functional Location (12)Creating a Master Record For a Piece of Equipment (12)Changing a Piece of Equipment (15)Changing the Maintenance Plant (16)Activating/Deactivating an Equipment Master Record (18)4.SAP PM − FUNCTIONS O F TECHNICAL OBJECTS (20)Data Transfer (20)Transferring Data from the Installed Equipment (21)Displaying and Changing Data Origin (25)Classification of the Objects (26)5.SAP PM − CREATING MU LTILINGUAL TEXT (33)6.SAP PM − BREAKDOWN M AINTENANCE (35)Creating a Notification (35)Changing the Notification (38)Creating Breakdown Order for Notification (39)7.SAP PM − CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE (43)Corrective Maintenance & Preventive Maintenance (43)Corrective Maintenance & Breakdown Maintenance (43)8.SAP PM − CREATING/PL ANNING MO (45)Converting a Notification to Maintenance Order (45)9.SAP PM − PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (48)Task Lists (48)Assigning (49)a Task List to a Notification (49)Creating a New Maintenance Task List (50)10.SAP PM − MAINTENANCE PLANNING (54)Maintenance Plans (54)Creating an Outline Agreement (61)11.SAP PM − PROJECT-ORIENTED MAINTENANCE (62)Maintenance Event Builder (MEB) (62)Logbook (63)Creating a Logbook for Equipment and Functional Locations (64)12.SAP PM − REFURBISHME NT PROCESS (65)Creating a Refurbishment Order in SAP PM (65)13.SAP PM − WARRANTY CL AIM PROCESSING (69)14.SAP PM − MOBILE APPL ICATIONS FOR EAM (73)15.SAP PM − WORK CLEARA NCE MANAGEMENT (74)Work Clearance Management Objects (74)WCM Approval (74)Creating Work Approval (75)16.SAP PM − INFORMATION SYSTEM (77)Information Structure (77)Standard Analysis (77)Characteristics and Key Figures (78)MTTR/MTBR (78)17.SAP PM − CROSS APPLICATION TIME SHEET (81)Approval Procedure (82)18.SAP PM − SINGLE AND COMPOS ITE ROLES (83)Maintenance Manager (83)Maintenance Planner (83)Maintenance Engineer (83)Maintenance Supervisor (83)Technician (84)Consultants (84)1.SAP PMSAP Plant Maintenance (SAP PM) application component provides an organization with a tool for all maintenance activities to be performed. All the activities that are performed under maintenance are interconnected and hence this module is closely integrated with other modules - Production Planning, Material Management, and Sales and Distribution. Using SAP PM, you can perform automatic repairs and facilitate maintenance requests in an organization. It allows you to record problems in SAP system, plan labor and material activities, and to record and settle the cost.In an organization, you can identify, document, manage problems and perform enterprise asset management for any required assets.To perform these activities, Plant Maintenance contains the following submodules: ∙Management of technical objects and equipment master record.∙Planning of maintenance task.∙Manage workflow notifications and work orders under maintenance order management.Key Functions of Plant MaintenanceFollowing activities are performed under Plant Maintenance:InspectionInspection is done to check the actual condition of a technical system.Preventive MaintenancePreventive maintenance is used to maintain high availability of the technical system. It includes maintenance planning and work scheduling activities for technical objects.RepairRepair involves all measures that can be performed to restore the ideal condition. Repair process can be performed at many planning stages - like work scheduling, resource planning and initial costing, etc. You can respond immediately w.r.t to a damage events causing production shutdown. You can create required purchase requisition and processed work orders to reduce the downtime.Integration with Other ModulesIn SAP PM, you can integrate with other modules such as Material Management, Production Planning, Personnel Management, and Sales and Distribution. These modules are used to keep the current data as per the requirement in Plant Maintenance and are initiated automatically to maintain the current data in the system.SAP PMFollowing are the key modules in which integration is performed with Plant Maintenance: ∙Material Management∙Sales and Distribution∙Personnel Management∙Controlling∙Production PlanningThe following figure depicts a work order notification process and shows how it is executed under Plant Maintenance.The key steps involved are:∙Notification∙Newly Created Work Order∙Creation of Purchase request for work orders∙Purchase Order created and parts Received∙Parts issues to Work Order∙Approval and Planning of Work Order∙Scheduling and Releasing Work Order∙Work Order Execution∙Closing a Work Order2.SAP PMTo effectively manage SAP Maintenance activities in an organization, you need to divide the existing maintenance structure into technical objects. Technical objects are used to define the machine types that exists in an organization and using the object characteristics, you can further define other technical objects.To show technical objects in the system, you should know about maintenance planning and structure in the organization. This involves the task of defining the maintenance plant and maintenance of the planning activities in the system.Maintenance PlantMaintenance plant for a technical object is known as a plant in which you perform the maintenance tasks for the objects and planning is done. You can perform the following activities in Maintenance Planning Plant:∙Define the task list as per the maintenance plan∙As per BOM in the task list, perform material planning∙Manage and schedule maintenance plans∙Create and execute maintenance ordersExampleLet us say the maintenance plant for a modelling plant P1 is 001 and maintenance planning tasks for this plant is assigned to plant 002. In plant 002, you have maintenance planner group works and in SAP system it is shown as maintenance planning plant. So maintenance planning plant for Plant P1 is 002 and maintenance planner group works for plant 001 and 002.Maintenance PlanningAs per the structure of the organization, maintenance planning can be performed. You define the tasks under maintenance planning as per the structure and defined technical objects. Following types of maintenance planning is possible:∙Centralized Maintenance Planning∙Decentralized Maintenance Planning∙Partially Centralized Maintenance PlanningCentralized Maintenance PlanningWithin an organization, centralized planning supports the following structures: ∙There is only one plant for all the technical objects which is the maintenance planning plant and maintenance plant.∙In other scenarios, it is possible that an organization has multiple maintenance plants, but there is one plant where maintenance planning is performed. According to the above example:∙Plants: 001, 002∙Maintenance Plants: 001, 002∙Maintenance Planning Plant: 002∙Plants assigned to maintenance planning plant: 001Decentralized Maintenance PlanningIn this scenario, the organization consists of multiple plants and each plant acts as its own maintenance planning plant. In SAP system, all plants are mentioned as maintenance planning plant.∙Plants: 001, 002∙Maintenance Plants: 001,002∙Maintenance planning plants: 001, 002Partially Centralized Maintenance PlanningIn partially centralized maintenance planning, an organization consists of multiple plants and some of the plants act as maintenance plants and maintenance planning plants, while the other plants can act as maintenance planning plants. The plants which are not responsible for maintenance planning, they are assigned to other maintenance planning plants.∙Plants: 001, 002, 003,004∙Maintenance Plants: 001, 002, 003, 004∙Maintenance Planning Plant: 001, 004∙Plants assigned to maintenance planning plant 001: 001, 002∙Plants assigned to maintenance planning plant 004: 003, 004Structure of T echnical ObjectsDifferent types of structures can be used for technical object as per the structure of the organization. Following are the options:Functional StructuringIn this type of structure, you divide your technical system as per functional locations. With the division of the product line into functional locations, an individual unit can act as functional locations in the system.Object Related StructuringIn this structuring, you divide your technical system into pieces known as equipment. An equipment is an individual object, which can be placed in a technical system or a part of the technical system.Functional and Object-based StructuringIt is a combination of both the functional and object-related structuring using equipment and they are divided as per functional location.In this structuring, your functional location tells where the technical tasks are performed and equipment represents the object with which tasks have to be performed.Note: In short, it can be said that a functional location is an organizational unit that is used to maintain the objects of a company as per the functional area, process-related or spatial criteria. A functional location represents the place at which a maintenance task is to be performed.∙Example of functional area: Pumping station∙Example of process related criteria: Modeling∙Example of spatial criteria: Store roomCreating a Functional LocationStep 1: To create a functional location, navigate to Logistics -> Plant Maintenance -> Management of Technical Objects -> Functional Location -> CreateStep 2: In the next window, you have to select the structure indicator you require and click Continue.The system displays the edit mask for the location label as well as its hierarchy levels.Step 3: You can also select the functional location label and a technical location as a reference if necessary. Click the Continue button.In the next window, you can see the screen Create Functional Location: Master data. Step 4: Enter all the details in the master data to create the functional location. If you want to classify the functional location, click the Classification option.Step 5: Once you click Classification, it will open Create Functional Location: Classification window.Step 6: Enter the classes to which you want to assign the functional location in the column Class.Step 7: Select the class that is to be the standard class for the functional location in the field StdClass.Step 8: To specify value entries for the class, position your cursor on the class you require and choose Edit Values.Step 9: Select the status as shown in the following screenshot:Step 10: Once you define all the fields for the master record, go to the main screen using the arrow buttons. Click the Save button at the top to save the Functional location.3.SAP PMAn equipment is known as an individual object in the system that is maintained independently. Equipment can be installed at different functional locations. You can create an individual equipment in an organization based on the object-based structure of a technical system.The use of an equipment at a functional location are documented over the course of time. You always define Equipment master record for each technical object in the system. Using an equipment, you can perform the following functions in the system: ∙You can manage an individual data from a maintenance perspective in the SAP system.∙You can perform an individual maintenance task for each technical object in the system.∙You can use this to maintain a record of all the maintenance tasks performed for a technical object.∙In case you want to see data for an object for a longer time, you can use an equipment master record for the same.An Equipment master record should be created in the following scenarios: ∙When you manage individual data for the technical object.∙When you perform the maintenance tasks for technical objects.∙When you collect and record technical data for the objects for long time periods.∙When you monitor the cost of maintenance tasks.∙When you want to record the technical objects at functional locations. Equipment records can be used in the following functional application areas: ∙Material Management∙Sales and Distribution∙Production Planning∙ControllingRepresenting an Object as an Equipment or as a Functional Location In case of breakdown, you should represent an object as a Technical Object if it is repaired. When you define an object as a Technical object, you can maintain the service history of the object in the system. Note that you can’t change the equipment number once it is created in the system. If you have entered an incorrect number mistakenly you need to achieve this to change it.When you are using a multiple piece of equipment you need to classify the equipment to perform a quick search.When you exchange an object in case of a breakdown due to its low value, in this case you don’t need to maintain a service history. For each functional location, you have to define a structure indicator as mentioned earlier. When you maintain a functional location in another functional location, you can’t store the installation location history. Creating a Master Record For a Piece of EquipmentStep 1: To create a master record for a piece of equipment, navigate to Logistics -> Plant Maintenance -> Management of Technical Objects -> Equipment -> CreateStep 2: To refer any other material/equipment, you can select under Reference option. Step 3: Select any equipment/master number and a new window will be displayed to select which data of the reference equipment should be copied to the new equipment. Then choose Continue and you return to the screen General Data.Step 4: You will see the Create Equipment screen. Enter the details as per the requirement.Step 5: Click the Save button at the top of the screen.You can also create a piece of equipment without using any reference.Changing a Piece of EquipmentYou may also need to make changes to an equipment master record. There is a possibility that data has been changed, or you have mistakenly entered wrong data, and you have to change the master record.Step 1: Enter the Equipment number that you want to change and click the ENTER button. Step 2: You will see the Change Equipment screen. In this window, make all the necessary changes in this screen. To change further data, go to the required screens.Step 3: You can change the equipment category. Choose Edit.Step 4: In the dialog box, you can select new Equipment category. Click the Save button to save the data.Changing the Maintenance PlantYou may also require to change the maintenance plant as per the requirement. You can change the maintenance plant for a piece of equipment when it is no longer installed at the functional location. When you change a maintenance plant, following fields in the master record effects:∙The fields that are dependent on the maintenance plant gets cleared.∙The company code also changes. Hence all fields that are dependent on the company code gets cleared.∙With the change in the company code, the controlling area may also change. Hence the fields associated with the controlling area gets cleared.End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。
设备管理英文术语大全
概率（几率）probability·方差variance·分散维修decentralized maintenance·动态试验dynamic test·动力设备设施管理power facilities management·除尘、防护设备管理duct-proof and protective equipment managemen t ·抽样调查sampling investigation·备件国产化管理domestic production management of imported spare parts ·标准偏差standard deviation·安装预算budget of installation·包机制machine contracting system·班前检查与润滑制度regulation of check and lubrication before on shift ·［设备］交接班制度shift relief system·《设备管理条例》（《条例》）《Equipment Management Regulation》·[设备]修理repair·[设备]维修maintenance (and repair)·重点调查key-point investigation·重点设备管理management of key-point equipment·重点设备key-point equipment·责任事故liability accident·指数分布exponential distribution·直方图histogram·预付与托收承付prepayment and collection·预防性试验prophylactic test·预防为主prevention first·正交设计法（正交试验法）orthogonal design·正态分布normal distribution·运输车辆管理制度transportation vehicle management system·质量“三包” three guarantees of quality·质量事故accident due to quality·压力容器管理制度management regulation of pressure vessel·无故障运行时间mean time to failure·威布尔分布Weibull distribution·闲置设备管理制度idle equipment management·闲置设备idle plant·统计分析statistical analysis·维修性maintainability·维修信息管理maintenance information management·维护与计划检修相结合combination of service and planned maintenance ·随机事件random event·数控设备管理numerical control (NC) equipment management·三级保养制three-level service system·数学期望mathematical expectation·数学模型mathematical model·数理统计mathematical statistics·生产技术装备technical facilities in production·生产设备production equipment·寿命周期费用life cycle cost (LCC)·润滑油库管理制度mangement regulation of lubricant warehouse·商检（商品检验）commodity inspection·设计、制造与使用相结合combination of design, manufacturing and operation ·设备调研investigation on plant·设备的可靠性与可靠度reliability reliability theory·设备的节能性energy saving property of plant·设备的检查评比facility inspection and appraise through comparison for plant ·设备点检制度plant check system·设备的成套性complete set of plant·设备的安全性safety of plant·设备的生产率productivity of plant设备的耐用性durability of plant·设备的灵活性flexibility of plant·设备状态监测与诊断技术管理equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology manage·设备状态管理制度equipment condition management systen·设备综合管理total plant management·设备资产动态管理制度dynamic management system of plant assets·设备租赁plant leasing·设备修前准备制度preparation system before equipment repair·设备修理工时定额man-hours quota for equipment repair·设备修理费用定额expense quota for equipment repair·设备修理材料定额material quota for equipment repair·设备修理质量验收制度acceptance regulation of equipment repair quality·设备型号equipment model·设备型式type of equipment·设备经济寿命economical life of equipment·设备经营管理制度operation and business management system·设备技术档案technical document of plant·设备技术状况technical conditions of equipment·设备技术状态管理technical condition management of plant·设备技术资料管理制度management system for technical document and plant ·设备技术性能technical properties of plant·设备技术寿命technical life of equipment·设备检修专业化协作specialized cooperation of plant maintenance·设备检修计划管理制度planning and management regulation of plant maintenance·设备检修计划plant maintenance plan·设备检修规程plant maintenance specification·设备检修质量plant maintenance quality·设备基础设计与施工design and construction of equipment foundation·设备合同管理management of equipment order contract·设备规划可行性分析feasibility studies of plant project设备规划investment plan of plant·设备功能（效能）performance of plant·设备工作能力operational capability of plant·设备管理考核制度examination and check systems of plant management·设备管理经济责任制度economic responsibility regulation of plant management ·设备管理岗位标准post standard of plant management·设备管理制度plant management systems·设备管理停歇时间定额（停歇天数）downtime quota for equipment repair·设备管理现代化plant engineering modernization·设备管理plant management, plant enginerring·设备固定资产管理制度fixed plant assets management systems·设备故障equipment failure·设备更新管理制度plant renewal management·设备更新plant renewal·设备更换plant replacement·设备岗位责任post responsibility of plant management·设备改造管理制度equipment modification management system·设备改造plant reconstruction, plant modernization·设备分级管理classified management of plant·设备定人定机、凭证操作规定operation regulation with fixed qualified operator and fixed eq·设备操作的“五项纪律” “five disciplines”of plant operation·设备操作规程operation specification of equipment·设备备品配件管理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts·设备备件库房管理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts inventory·设备报价to quote plant price·设备报废discard of plant·设备安装管理equipment installation management·设备安装equipment installation·设备巡回检查制度tours system to inspect plant·设备询价to enquire plant price设备选型plant model selection·设备验收交接制度acceptance check and reception systems of plant·设备统计报表制度statistic-reporting system of plant·设备维修技术资料technical document and date for plant maintenance·设备维修技术管理制度management regulation of plant maintenance technology ·设备维修定额equipment maintenance quota·设备维护规程equipment service specification·设备台帐unit account of plant·设备完好标准equipment perfectness norm·设备完好plant in good condition·设备索赔claims for equipment·设备使用规程specifications of usage·设备使用初期信息反馈管理information feedback management in initial operation period of pl·设备使用与维护管理制度management regulation for operation and service of equipment·设备全过程管理life-cycle management of plant·设备寿命life of equipment·设备润滑管理制度lubrication management regulation of plant·设备润滑“五定” “five fixation” of lubrication·设备事故管理制度accident management regulation of plant·设备事故“三不放过” three do not let pass of plant accident·设备事故plant accident·设备区域维修负责制region responsibility system of plant maintenance·设备前期管理和后期管理fore period and later period management of plant·设备前期管理规定regulation of fore period management of plant·设备磨损补偿wear compensation for plant·设备老化plant ageing·算术平均值（均值）arithmetic mean·强制保养制coercionary service system·投资效果系数effect coefficient of investment·设备经济管理制度economic management system of plant设备管理评优活动excellence selection activity in plant management·排列图（帕累托图）Pareto chart·负荷试验load test·故障停机时间breakdown time·工艺适应性technological adaptability·工程设备监理supervision of engineering facilities·工序控制点设备管理management of proccess-control-point equipment·合同变更与解除contract change and cancellation·混合维修combined maintenance·回归分析regression analysis·检查间隔期interval between inspections·检修社会化socialization of maintenance·集中维修centralized maintenance·技术先进性technical advancement·技术管理与经济管理相结合combination of technical management and economic management·计算机辅助设备管理computer-aided plant management·计划预修制度（ЛЛP）planned preventive maintenance system·进口设备离岸价FOB of imported equipment·进口设备管理imported equipment management·进口设备到岸价CIF of imported equipment·精、大、稀设备precise,large scale,rare plant·精、大、稀设备管理management of precise,large scale,rare equipment·精、大、稀、关键设备的“五定” “five fixed” of precise,large scale,rare,critical equipme ·经济性economy·静态试验static test·开箱检查open-case inspection·平均偏差average deviation·平均等待时间mean waiting time,MWT·修理周期repair cycle·修理周期结构structure of repair cycle修理、改造与更新相结合combination of repair, modernization and renewal·修理复杂系数complexity coefficient of repair·修理间隔期time between repairs·租赁设备管理制度leased equipment management system·资金的时间价值time value of fund·自然事故natural accident·自制设备self-made equipment·自制设备管理制度management system for selfmade equipment·自制备件管理制度self-made spare parts management system·专业管理与群众管理相结合combination of professional management and mass management·转让设备（设备调剂）transfer of facility·典型调查typical investigation·地区（部门）修理中心areal (departmental) repair center·废油回收率recovery ratio of used oil·动力设备完好率perfectness ratio of power plant·定期保养完成率fulfillment ratio of periodic service·大修理平均停歇天数mean downtime(days) due to overhaul·重点设备完好率perfectness ratio of key-point equipments·一次交验合格率qualification ratio under first acceptance check·在用设备可利用率availability of plant in use·已安装设备利用率utilization ratio of installed equipments·万元固定资产年创利润率annual profit ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·万元产值占用维修费用maintenance expense for 1000 yuan production value ·实有设备安装率installation ratio of owned equipments·设备综合利用率comprehensive utilization ratio of plant·设备资产增值率added value rate of plant assets·设备资产投资回收期capital investment recovery period of plant·设备新度newness degree of plant·设备净资产创利润率profit ratio vs net book value of plant·设备计划台时利用率utilization ratio of planned time of plant设备构成比constitution ratio of plant·设备负荷率load rate of plant·设备返修率back repair rate·设备制度台时利用率utilization ratio of institutional time of plant·设备闲置率idelness ratio of plant·设备投资回收报率plant capital investment recovery ratio·设备投资产出比capital investment recovery period of plant·设备完好率perfectness ratio of plant·设备日常保养完成率plant daily service fulfillment ratio·设备事故频率incident frequency·设备利用率utilization ratio·事故［故障］停机率down time ratio to accident (failure)·清洗换油计划完成率fulfillment ratio of cleaning and oil change plan·每个修理复杂系数平均大修理成本mean repair cost per complexity coefficient of repair·每个复杂系数占用维修费用maintenance expense per repair complexity coefficient·每万元固定资产创工业增加值率industrial increase value ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·故障强度failure intensity·故障频率failure frequency·关键设备完好率perfectness ratio of critical equipments·精大稀设备完好率perfectness raito of precise,large scale and rare equipments ·可利用率（有效利用率）availability·平均停机时间mean down time,MDT·平均故障间隔期，平均无故障工作时间mean time between failture·修理计划完成率fulfillment ratio of repair plan废润滑油再生（废油再生）regeneration of waste lubricating oil·防泄漏管理leak prevention management·二级保养second level service·定期精度调整periodic accuracy adjustment·定人定机制度system of fixed machine and operator·额定载荷rated load·超负荷试运行commissioning under overload·初步试运行preliminary commissioning·操作工人的“四会” four basic skills for operator·参数故障parametric failure·保养计划完成率fulfilment ratio of service plan·保养规程service specification·保养“十字”作业法“ten words” method for service·保养service·安全性故障safety failure·安全规程safety procedure·[设备性能]劣化degradation (of equipment performance)·PM小组PM group·隐蔽故障hidden failure·有效性availability·有效度avaliability·有效寿命effective life·制度时间institutional time·一级保养first level service·原发故障primary failure·原始记录original record·正常负荷normal load·正常超载normal overload·治漏“八字”法“eight words” method for leakage control·运行时间operating time仪表“三率” “three rate”of meter·早（初）期故障期early failure period·永久性故障（持续性故障）permanent failure·验收试运行final commissioning·无泄露[区]标准leakless(area) standard·突发性（偶发）故障random failure·维护费service cost·危险性故障dangerous failure·误操作故障failure by misoperation·完好设备perfect facility·生产维修productive maintenance(PM)·润滑工作岗位责任制post responsibility of lubrication work·润滑管理制度lubrication management system·润滑“五定” “five fixation” of lubrication·润滑“三过滤” three-step filtration of lubricating oil·润滑站lubricating station·润滑图表lubricating diagram·试车commissioning·日常保养费daily service expenses·日常保养（日保）daily service·日历时间利用率utilzation ratio of calender time·设备的可靠性和可靠度reliability·设备的区域维护regional service of equipment·设备技术状态technical conditions of equipment·设备故障率曲线（浴盆曲线）failure rate curve of equipment,tub curve ·设备操作合格证operation licence·设备“5S”活动“5S” activity of equipment·设备隐患hidden trouble of equipment·设备运行记录operation record of equipment·设备维护的“四项要求” four requirements for plant service设备维护标准service standard of equipment·设备维护equipment service·设备使用的“三好” three well doing for use of facility·设备使用过程process of machine operation·设备三级保养three-level service system for equipment·设备日常点检routine inspection·设备清洗（清扫）cleaning of plant·设备漏油标准oil leakage standard·设备利用系数utilization factor of equipment·人身保护装置personal safety device·强制保养mandatory service·潜在故障latent filure·偶发故障期accidental failure period·磨损性故障wearout failure·例行保养（例保）routine service·密封点sealed point·劣化趋向管理degradation trend control·随机故障random failure·设备的定期维护periodic service of equipment·负荷试运行commissoning under load·故障类型failure type·故障率（失效率）failure rate·故障率基本类型basic forms of failure rate·故障模式failure mode·故障模型failure model·故障弱化failure weakening·故障树分析FTA,fault tree analysis·故障物理学physics of failure·故障停机率breakdown rate·故障征兆failure symptom·故障安全safety protection against failure·故障分析方法failure analysis method·故障机理failure mechanism·功能故障functional failure·关键设备使用维护“四定” four stipulations for operation and maintenance of critical equip·耗损（劣化）故障期exhaustion failure period·红旗设备red-flag equipment·基本故障basic failure·间断性故障intermittent failure·继发故障secondary failure·计划时间利用率utilization ratio of planned time·渐衰失效性故障local and gradual failure·渐发性（磨损）故障gradual(wear-out) failure·精、大、稀、关键设备的使用维护operation and service of precise,large scale,rare and criti·净开动时间net operating time·可使用时间up time·可用性（可利用率）availability·可靠性为中心的维修reliability centered maintenance,RCM·平均故障间隔期（平均无故障工作时间）mean time between failures,MTBF·破坏性故障catastrophic failure·起重机安全保护safety protection of crane·最大允许寿命（宣称寿命）maximum permitted life (declared life)·自显故障self-displayed failure·综合试运行total commissioning·专群结合combination of specialists and masses·调整adjustment·跟踪检查trail checkout·法定检查lawful inspection·动特性试验dynamic performance test·动态精度dynamic accuracy动态检验dynamic test·定期点检periodic fixed point inspection·定期检查periodic inspection·定期参数检查periodic parameter examination·定期润滑检查periodic lubrication check·“三位一体”点检制“three in one” fixed point inspetion system·主观（五官）判断故障subjective(sensible) failure deciding·一般目视检查general visual inspection·影响设备效率的六大损失six major losses affecting running efficiency·正常检查normal inspection·巡回检查patrol inspection·巡回检测patrol test·无损检查non-destructive test·停机时间down time·微观组织检查examination of microscopic structure·损坏break down·缺陷defect·失效（故障）failure·容许故障率allowable failure rate·日常检查daily inspection·日常润滑检查daily lubrication check·设备点检fixed point inspection of equipment·设备检查facilities inspection·设备监测equipment monitoring·设备故障频率equipment failure frequency·设备故障管理效果评价result evaluation of plant failure management·设备诊断技术equipment diagnostic technique·设备诊断equipment diagnosis·酸洗检查inspection with pickling·敲打检查hammering test磨损检查wearing inspection·内表面检查inner surface inspection·故障强度率failure intensity rate·故障趋于零的“四个阶段” “four steps” to zero failure·故障危害程度harm extent of failure·故障为零的五项措施five measures to zero failure·故障（停机）损失breakdown loss·故障管理程序program of railure management·故障管理信息information of failure management·故障修理troubleshooting·功能检查（功能测试）function inspection,function test·宏观组织检查examination of macroscopic structure·检定周期cycle of verification·技术维护technical service·季节性技术维护seasonal technical service·计划保全管理planned maintenance management·解体检查inspection under disassembled condition·精度检查accuracy inspection·静态精度static accurary·可靠性试验reliability test·可靠性分析reliability analysis·平均寿命时间（MTTF）mean time to failure·状态监测condition monitoring·状态检查condition inspection·点检的主要环节main items of fixed point inspection改善修理corrective maintenance·返修率back repair rate·分级修理stepped(sizing) repair·分散修理制decentralized maintenance system·废次品及返修损失waste and ungraded product and back repair loss ·非预定维修时间unscheduled maintenance time·定期修理作业periodic repair task·定期维修法periodic repair·定位精度location accuracy·传动精度transmission accuracy·大修计划修改revision of overhaul plan·大修计划考核assesment of overhaul plan·大修计划编制overhaul planning·大修计划依据basis of overhaul plan·大修计划完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul plan·大修计划实施implementation of overhaul plan·大修费用overhaul cost·大修成本构成overhaul cost·大修成本分析overhaul cost analysis·大修成本完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul cost·大修保修overhaul guarantee·大修周期interval between overhauls, overhaul cycle·大修质量保证体系guarantee system of overhaul quality·大修理质量评定overhaul quality evaluation·大修理质量控制overhaul quality control·大修overhaul,capital repair·部件修理法assembly repair·部分修理法partial repair·补偿法compensation method·备件生产计划production program of spqre parts备份或冗余系统stand-by or redundancy system·标准尺寸修理法standard-size repair method·八步法“eight steps”method·重复定位精度repeat location accuracy·中修middle repair·有可维修备份的系统system with maintainable standby parts·远距离维修remote maintenance·预防维修preventive maintenance·预定维修时间scheduled maintenance time·预知维修（状态监测维修）predictive maintenance·质量体系quality system·质量quality·逾期维修deferred maintenance·网络计划network planning·维修技术培训maintenance skill training·维修间隔（正常运行时间）maintenance interval, uptime·维修活动的经济分析economic analysis of maintenance activities ·维修工人maintenance worker·维修防护maintenance protection·维修车间maintenance shop·维修预防maintenance prevention·维修周期maintenance cycle·维修时间maintenance time·同步修理法synchronous repair·停修时间repair downtime·项修（项目修理）item repair·外委修理repair on commission·全员参加的生产维修制（TPM）total production maintenance system·受控维修controlled maintenance·寿命周期维修life cycle maintenance热修hot repair·设备修理计划repair schedule of equipment·设备修理验收acceptance check for equipment repair·设备季度修理计划quarterly repair schedule of equipment·设备技术考核technical check of equipment·设备大修计划equipment overhaul plan·设备月度修理计划monthly repair schedule of equipment·设备维修计划equipment maintenance plan·设备维修三要素three essential factors of equipment maintenance ·设备项修计划item repair plan of equipment·设备年度修理计划annual repair schedule of equipment·事后修理breakdown maintenance·抢修first-aid repair·大修机床精度accuracy of machine tool after overhaul·滚动计划rolling (circulation) plan·管理信息系统维修MIS maintenance·工程能力指数process capacity index·工作精度working accuracy·恢复性修理recovery repair·机床旋转精度rotational accuracy of machine tool·机修车间（分厂）machine repair shop·机修技工maintenance mechanic·机械修复法mechanical repair method·机械的瞬时效率instantaneous efficiency of machinery·互换法interchange method·检验inspection·集中修理制centralized maintenance system·几何精度geometric accuracy·季节性修理seasonal repair·计划外修理repair out of plan计划维修scheduled maintenance·计划预修制（ППP）planned preventive maintenance system ·计划修理planned repair·接触精度contact accuracy·紧急修理作业emergency repair task·就地加工修配法machining and fitting method on the spot·精度指数precision index·精度标准accuracy standard·精度保持性precision retaining ability·精度储备precision reserve·精修fine repair·精修技工fine repair mechanic·经济精度economic accuracy·平衡精度等级balancing precision grade·平均修理时间mean time to repair(MTTR), mean repair time·小修minor repair·修配法fitting method·修配环repair link·修理任务书repair specification·修理施工调度repair rasks dispatch·修理时间repair time, shutdown time·修理停歇时间定额downtime quota for equipment repair·修理用设备repair facilities·修理质量repair quality·修理质量指标repair quality index·修理质量计划repair quality plan·修理质量考核repair quality assessment·修理标识repair symbols·修理成本考核repair cost assessment·修理尺寸repair size修理定额repair quota·修理费用定额repair cost quota·修理方案repair scheme·修理工时定额repair manhour quota·修理工时考核repair manhours assessment·修理工艺repair technology·修理工程车maintenance engineering truck·修理工具maintenance tool·修理工期考核repair time limit assessment·修理考核repair assessment·修前预检inspection before repair·修前测绘measuring and drawing before repair·修前访问inquiry before repair·修后服务service after repair·最优修理周期optimum repair cycle·装配精度assembly accuracy·电修车间（分厂）electric repair shop·电修技工maintenance electrician·单台设备修理费用核算repair cost accounting for single equipment ·调整法adjustment method·调整环adjusting link覆盖件covering parts·返修品back repaired products·分散（混合）储备decentralized storage·分散生产方式decentralized production mode·分散生产分散储备decentralized production and decentralized storage ·废品损失rejection loss·废品率rejection rate·废品waste products·存放合理化storage rationalization·储备形式storage form·储备恢复周期（订货间隔期）interval between orders·储备限额storage limit·大型铸锻件large-sized casting and forging·次品substandard products·超差品over-tolerance products·常备备件runing spare parts·成品finished products·成品储备storage of finished products·成对储备conjugated storage·成对（套）件conjugated parts·部件储备storage of assembles·部件assembly·仓库面积利用率utilization ratio of storehouse area·备件的“五清” “five clear”for spare parts·备件自给率self - sufficiency rate of spare parts·备件自然失效natural failure of spare parts·备件资金的核算法accounting method of spare parts fund·备件资金占用率occupation rate of spare parts fund·备件资金周转期turnover period of spare parts fund·备件资金周转率turnover rate of spare parts fund备件考核指标assessment criteria of spare parts managment·备件卡基础资料elementary data of spare parts cards·备件卡（帐）cards of spare parts·备件库的“五五码放” “five - five tiering”for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三一致” “three coincidence”for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三清” “three clear”for storehouse of spare parts·备件库的“两齐” “two neatness”for storehouse of spare parts·备件库管理工作management of spare parts storehouse·备件库存供应率supply rate of spare parts inventory·备件库保管员职责responsibility of spare parts storehouse manager ·备件库职责responsibilities for storehouses of spare parts·备件库storehouse for spare parts·备件经济管理economic management of spare parts·备件经常储备定额regular storage quota of spare parts·备件计划员planner responsible for spare parts·备件计算机管理computer - aided management of spare parts·备件技术员technician responsible for spare parts·备件技术失效technical failure of spare parts·备件汇总collection of spare parts·备件合用率suitability of spare parts·备件供应率supply rate of spare parts·备件管理计划工作planning work of sapre parts management·备件管理技术工作technical work of spare parts management·备件管理职责responsibility of spare parts management·备件管理spare parts management·备件范围range of spare parts·备件分类工作classifying work of spare parts·备件订货点法ordering point method of spare parts·备件订货点ordering point of spare parts·备件订货量ordering quantity of spare parts·备件定期订货法periodic ordering method of spare parts·备件定量订货法fixed - quantity ordering method of spare parts·备件定量保持法（维持定量法）fixed - quantity keeping method of spare parts ·备件储备的“三点制” “three point system”of spare parts storage·备件储备资金限额limit of funds for reserve spare parts·备件储备资金funds for reserve spare parts·备件储备定额storage quota of spare parts·备件储备失效寿命storage life of spare parts to failure·备件成本价格cost price of spare parts·备件采购（供应）周期delivery cycle of spare parts·备件包装法packing method of spare parts·备件拥有量possessed amount of spare parts·备件周转加速率turnover acceleration rate of spare parts·备件周转率turnover rate of spare parts·备件质量检验quality inspection of spare parts·备件图册基本内容main contents of spare parts album·备件图册质量quality of spare parts album·备件图册spare parts album·备件统计分析法statistical analysis method of spare parts·备件统计statistic of spare parts·备件消耗量consumption of spare parts·备件退库率return rate of spare parts·备件使用寿命service life of spare parts·备件双箱法（双储备法）double case method of spare parts·备件生产方式production mode of spare parts·备件寿命life of spare parts·备件名目卡（帐）item cards of spare parts·备件年平均库存金额annual average stock sum of spare parts·备件ABC管理法A,B,C management method of spare parts·备件ABC分类法A,B,C classifying method of spare parts备件spare parts·标准件standard parts·半成品储备storage of semifinished porducts·半成品semi-finished products·易损件vulnerable parts·中心备件库central storehouse of spare parts·一般备件running spare parts·液压件hydraulic parts·在制品articles being processed·循环性备件repairable spare parts·限寿机件life-limited item·特殊储备special storage·橡胶件rubber parts·替代品substitute products·维修用外购物资outsourcing materials used for maintenance·通用配件商品化commercialization of general-purpose spare parts·微电子器件micro-electronic parts of appliances·消耗性备件consumptive spare parts·消耗定额consume quota·外协件outsourcing manufactured parts·外购备件储备定额公式storage quota formula of outsourcing spare parts·外购备件outsourcing spare parts·确定备件的结构分析法structural analysis method for determining spare parts ·润滑件lubricating parts·设备备件综合卡（帐）integrated cards of equipment spare parts·设备备件卡（帐）cards of equipment spare parts·强制更换件mandatory replacement item·每个复杂系数备件资金fund of spare parts per complexity coefficient·毛坯库storehouse for stocks·毛坯件stock毛坯储备storage of stock·密封件sealing parts·配件fittings·通用（共用）件general-purpose parts·光学系统备件parts of optical system·贵重备件valuable spare parts·管路备件spare parts for pipes·工程塑料件engineering plastic parts·关键备件critical spare parts·机械零件machine parts·机械备件mechanical spare parts·间断储备discontinued storage。
园艺美化空间的英语作文
Gardening is an art form that allows individuals to transform their living spaces into serene and beautiful havens.The process of gardening not only enhances the aesthetics of a space but also provides numerous physical and mental health benefits.Here is a detailed exploration of how gardening can beautify a space and the various aspects involved in it.Choosing the Right Plants:The first step in gardening is selecting the appropriate plants for your space.Consider factors such as the climate,the amount of sunlight your area receives,and the soil type. Native plants are often a good choice as they are welladapted to local conditions and can attract beneficial wildlife.Designing the Layout:A wellthoughtout layout is crucial for a beautiful garden.Consider the size and shape of your space,and how you want to use it.Create zones for different activities,such as a seating area,a play area for children,or a quiet corner for e paths to guide visitors through the garden and create a sense of flow.Incorporating Hardscape Elements:Hardscape elements such as pathways,patios,walls,and water features can add structure and visual interest to your garden.Choose materials that complement the style of your home and the natural elements of your garden.For example,a stone pathway can blend seamlessly with a garden full of perennials and shrubs.Using Color Wisely:Color plays a significant role in the overall appeal of a garden.Choose a color scheme that reflects your personal taste and the mood you want to create.You can use color to highlight certain areas,create contrast,or bring a sense of harmony.Consider the changing seasons and how the colors of your plants will evolve over time.Pruning and Maintenance:Regular pruning is essential for maintaining the health and appearance of your plants.It helps to control the size and shape of plants,promotes new growth,and removes dead or diseased parts.Proper maintenance also includes watering,fertilizing,and pest control to ensure your garden thrives.Integrating Art and Decor:Garden art and decorative elements can add a unique touch to your outdoor space.This can range from sculptures and birdbaths to wind chimes and lanterns.Choose pieces that reflect your personality and enhance the overall design of your garden.Creating a Sustainable Garden:A sustainable garden is one that is environmentally friendly and requires less maintenance over time.This can be achieved by using native plants,installing a rainwater harvesting system,and employing organic gardening methods.Involving the Community:If you have a community garden or a shared space,involving the community in the gardening process can be a rewarding experience.It fosters a sense of ownership and pride,and can lead to beautiful,collaborative spaces that benefit everyone. Educational Aspects:Gardening can be an excellent educational tool,especially for children.It teaches them about the natural world,the importance of biodiversity,and the satisfaction of nurturing something from seed to bloom.Conclusion:Gardening is a multifaceted activity that can transform a space into a beautiful,functional, and therapeutic environment.By considering the elements of plant selection,layout design,hardscape integration,color usage,maintenance,art,sustainability,community involvement,and education,you can create a garden that not only beautifies your space but also enriches your life and the lives of those around you.。
常用职称职位中英文对照(做名片时很有用)
ERP技术/应用顾问ERP Technical/Application Consultant数据库工程师/管理员Database Engineer/Administrator营运经理/主管Web Operations Manager/Supervisor网络工程师Network Engineer系统管理员/网络管理员System Manager/Webmaster网页设计/制作Web Designer/Production策划/编辑Web Planner/Editor信息技术经理/主管IT Manager/Supervisor信息技术专员IT Specialist通信技术工程师munications Engineer数据安全工程师Information Security Engineer系统集成/支持System Integration/Support智能大厦/综合布线Intelligent Building/Structure Cabling首席技术执行官CTO/VP Engineering技术总监/经理Technical Director/Manager项目经理Project Manager项目主管Project Supervisor项目执行/协调人员Pr
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SAP专业培训教材MM-Purchasing
入庫(Goods Receipts) 出庫(Goods Issue) 轉倉(Transfer Postings and Stock Transfer)
發票驗證(Invoice Verification)
發票輸入及凍結,解凍(Invoice Entry, Blocking and Unblocking)
Sales and operations planning Demand management / MPS Material requirements planning
Capacity planning
SPDS Project Networks
PSMD Maintenance Repairs Plant maintenance
included in the MRP run
Store 1 Store 2
Storage Location
storage area for raw materials, spares and other materials which is managed together
-8-
Material Master
Sales and distribution
-6-
Master data
- Material - Vendor - G/L accounts - Customer - Storage bins
. . .
. . .
SAP R/3 Organizational structure
Views
Cost accounting External logistics
Internal procurement
设备管理 定义和术语(PMS-T 3-2016)
《设备管理定义和术语》PMS/T 3-2016【说明】：1.《设备管理定义和术语》将根据企业需要每年增加，为了方便设备管理相关人员了解及查询设备管理常用术语，起草小组特将此草案放在网上供大家使用。
2.欢迎大家为丰富、完善《设备管理定义和术语》提供更多的与设备管理有关的定义和术语，也欢迎大家对本定义和术语中不妥之处提出修改建议，欢迎您补充。
3.你对《设备管理定义和术语》贡献的词汇，我们将在本网站公布词汇的贡献者及其所贡献的词汇。
分资料的人贡献你的智慧。
6.设备管理术语汇编和其它词典一样，根据新增的术语而不断地更新，我们也会根据使用的需要不断努力地随时更新我们的语言。
我们希望设备管理同行们能够向我们提出更多的建议，以便进一步增添术语。
7.设备定义和术语分为以下9大类：1.设备管理基础术语? ? ? ? ? ?2.设备现场环境术语3.设备前期管理术语? ? ? ? ? ?4.设备使用与维护术语5.设备点检与监测术语? ? ? ?6.设备故障与维修术语7.设备润滑管理术语? ? ? ? ??8.备件管理术语9.设备管理模式术语【词汇贡献记录】：1.【徐伟? 广州王老吉药业股份有限公司】2013-5-31?补充及修改词汇：容器、仪器仪表、零件、部件、总成、电气设备、设备安装周期、校准、泄漏源、质量源，（其他修改建议待征求意见完成后一并修改。
）2.（期待您的贡献！）?《设备管理定义和术语》PMS/T 3-2016?前?言为了方便设备管理相关人员了解设备管理常用术语，规范设备管理体系术语的使用，促进设备管理标准化建设，制订本标准。
本标准规定了设备管理体系建设及日常工作经常涉及的术语和定义。
本标准为首次发布。
本标准为指导性标准。
本标准主要起草单位：中国设备管理评价中心、成都华标企业管理咨询有限公司本标准主要起草人：蒋良君??1 ?范围? ? 本标准规定了设备管理体系及日常工作经常涉及的术语和定义。
本标准适用于：? ? a）通过实施设备管理体系寻求提升设备管理水平的组织；?? ? b）设备管理相关人员；? ? d）就设备管理方面所使用的术语需要达成共识的人员和组织（如：供方、顾客、评价机构等）；? ? e) 设备管理星级评价机构的人员和机构；? ? f）对组织设备管理体系提出建议、咨询或提供培训的内部或外部人员和机构；? ? g）制定相关标准的人员。
植物保护专业英语
Plant and DiseasePlants make up the majority of the earth's living environment as trees，grass，flowers，and so on. Directly or indirectly，plants also make up all the food on which humans and all animals depend. Even the meat，milk，and eggs that we and other carnivores eat come from animals that depend on plants for their food. Plants are the only higher organisms that can convert the energy of sunlight into stored，usable chemical energy in carbohydrates，proteins，and fats. All animals，including humans，depend on these plant substances for survival.Plants, whether cultivated or wild，grow and produce well as long as the soil provides them with sufficient nutrients and moisture，sufficient light reaches their leaves，and the temperature remains within a certain "normal”range. Plants，however，also get sick. Sick plants grow and produce poorly, they exhibit various type of symptoms，and often parts of plants or whole plants die. It is not known whether diseased plants feel pain or discomfort.The agents that cause disease in plants are the same or very similar to those causing disease in human, and animals. They include pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria，fungi，protozoa，and nematodes，and unfavorable environmental conditions，such as lack or excess of nutrients，moisture，and light，and the presence of toxic chemicals in air or soil. Plants also suffer from competition with other，unwanted plants（weeds），and，of course they are often damaged by attacks of insects. Plant damage caused by insects，humans，or other animals is not usually included in the study of plant pathology.Plant pathology is the study of the organisms and of the environmental factorsthat cause disease in plants; of the mechanisms by which these factors induce disease in plants；and of he methods of preventing or controlling diseased reducing the damage it causes. Plant pathology is for plants largely what medicine is for humans and veterinary medicine is for animals. Each discipline studies the causes，mechanisms，and control of diseases affecting the organisms with which it deals，i. e.，plants，humans，and animals, respectively.Plant pathology is an integrative science and profession that uses and combines the basic knowledge of botany，mycology，bacteriology，virology，nematology，plant anatomy，plant physiology，genetics，molecular biology and genetic engineering，biochemistry，horticulture，agronomy，tissue culture，soil science，forestry，chemistry，physics，meteorology，and many other branches of science. Plant pathology profits from advances in any one of these sciences，and many advances in other sciences have been made in attempts to solve plant pathological problems:As a science，plant pathology tries to increase our knowledge about plant diseases. At the same time，plant pathology tries to develop methods，equipment，and materials through which plant disease can be avoided or controlled. Uncontrolled plant disease may result in less food and higher food prices or in food of poor quality. Diseased plant product may sometimes bepoisonous and unfit for consumption. Some plant diseases may wipe out entire plant species and many affect the beauty and landscape of our environment. Controlling plant disease results in more food of better quality and a more aesthetically pleasing environment，but consumers must pay for costs of materials，equipment, and labor used to control plant diseases and，sometimes，for other less evident costs such as contamination of the environment.In the last 100 years，the control of plant diseases and other plant pests has depended increasingly on the extensive use of toxic chemicals （pesticides)．Controlling plant diseases often necessitates the application of such toxic chemicals not only on plants and plant produce that we consume，but also into the soil，where many pathogenic microorganisms live and attack the plant roots. Many of these chemicals have been shown to be toxic to nontarget microorganisms and animals and may be toxic to humans. The short-and long-term costs of environmental contamination on human health and welfare caused by our efforts to control plant diseases（and other pests）are difficult to estimate. Much of modern research in plant pathology aims at finding other environmentally friendly means of controlling plant diseases. The most promising approaches include conventional breeding and genetic engineering of disease-resistant plants，application of disease-suppression cultural practices，RNA-and gene-silencing techniques，of plant defense-promoting nontoxic substances，and，to some extent，use of biological agents antagonistic to the microorganisms that cause plant disease.The challenges for plant pathology are to reduce food losses while improving food quality and，at the same time，safeguarding our environment. As the world population continues to increase while arable land and most other natural resources continue to decrease，and as our environment becomes further congested and stressed，the need for controlling plant disease effectively and safely will become one of the most basic necessities for feeding the hungry billions of our increasingly overpopulated world.Because it is not known whether plants feel pain or discomfort and because，in any case，plants do not speak or otherwise communicate with us，it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when a plant is diseased. It is accepted that a plant is healthy，or normal，when it can carry out its physiological functions to the best of its genetic potential. The meristematic（cambium) cells of a healthy plant divide and differentiate as needed，and different types of specialized cells absorb water and nutrients from the soil；translocate these to all plant parts；carry on photosynthesis，translocate，metabolize，or store the photosynthetic products；and produce seed or other reproductive organs for survival and multiplication. When the ability of the cells of a plant or plant part to carry out one or more of these essential functions is interfered with by either a pathogenic organism or an adverse environmental factor，the activities of the cells are disrupted，altered，or inhibited，the cells malfunction or die，and the plant becomes diseased. At first，the affliction is localized to one or a few cells and is invisible. Soon，however，thereaction becomes more widespread and affected plant parts develop changes visible to the naked eye. These visible changes are the symptoms of the disease. The visible or otherwise measurable adverse changes in a plant，produced in reaction to infection by an organism or to an unfavorable environmental factor，are a measure of the amount of disease in the plant. Disease in plants，then，can be defined as the series of invisible and visible responses of plant cells and tissues to a pathogenic organism or environmental factors that result in adverse changes in the form，function，or integrity of the plant and may lead to partial impairment or death of plant parts or of the entire plant.The kinds of cells and tissues that become affected determine the type of physiological function that will be disrupted first. For example，infection of roots may cause roots to rot and make them unable to absorb water and nutrients from the soil；infection of xylem vessels，as happens in vascular wilts and in some cankers，interferes with the translocation of water and minerals to the crown of the plant；infection of the foliage，as happens in leaf spots，blights，rusts，mildews，mosaics，and so on，interferes with photosynthesis；infection of phloem cells in the veins of leaves and in the bark of stems and shoots，as happens in cankers and in diseases caused by viruses，mollicutes，and protozoa，interferes with the downward translocation of photosynthetic products；and infection of flowers and fruits interferes with reproduction. Although infected cells in most diseases are weakened or die，in some diseases，e. g.，in crown gall，infected cells are induced to divide much faster （hyperplasia) or to enlarge a great deal more（hypertrophy) than normal cells and to produce abnormal amorphous overgrowths (tumors) orabnormal organs.Pathogenic microorganisms，i. e.，the transmissible biotic agents that can cause disease and are generally referred to as pathogens，usually cause disease in plants by disturbing the metabolism of plant cells through enzymes，toxins，growth regulators，and other substances they secrete and by absorbing foodstuffs from the host cells for their own use. Some pathogens may also cause disease by growing and multiplying in the xylem or phloem vessels of plants，thereby blocking the upward transportation of water or the downward movement of sugars，respectively，through these tissues. Environmental factors cause disease in plants when abiotic factors，such as temperature，moisture，mineral nutrients，and pollutants，occur at levels above or below a certain range tolerated by the plants.。
电力工程常用缩写中英文对照表一
电力工程常用缩写中英文对照表一1、管理部分1．1合同类1.1.1.EPC contract: 设计、采购和施工合同（Engineering,Procurement & Construction）1.1.2.GC contract: 施工总包合同（General ConstructionContract）1.1.3.BTG & BOP：主机岛和附属设施（Boiler, Turbine Generator& Balance of Plant）1.1.4.EPC-M: 设计、采购和施工管理合同1.1.5.BTG-M:主机岛安装管理合同1.1.6.E+P-M: 设计+采购管理合同1．2商务类1.2. 1 公司名称1.2.1.1 DEC: 东方电气集团公司（Dongfang Electric Corporation）SEC: 上海电气集团CMEC: 中国机械设备进出口总公司SCMEC: 四川机械设备进出口公司HPE: 哈尔滨电站工程有限公司1.2.1.2 印度信诚能源公司 Reliance Energy Limited Co.1.2.1.3 印度阿达尼电力有限公司 ADANI POWER LIMITED1.2.1.4 印度海岸能源 Costal Energy Limited Co.1.2.1.5印度塔塔能源公司 Tata Power Company Limited (TPC) 1.2.1.6 日本丸红公司 Marubeni Corporation (MC)1．3技术类1.3.1.ITB: 招标文件说明（Instruction to Bidder）1.3.2.GCC: 合同一般条件（General Conditions of Contract）1.3.3.PAC: 临时验收证明（Provisional AcceptanceCertificate）1.3.4.FAC: 最终验收证明（Final Acceptance Certificate）1.3.5.O&M: 运行和维护（Operation and Maintenance）1.3.6.QAP: 质量保证计划Quality Assurance Plan1.3.7.QAPM: 质量保证程序手册Quality Assurance ProgramManual1.3.8.WPP：施工作业指导程序Work Plan Procedure1.3.9.ITP：验收评定计划Inspection and Test Plan1.3.10.WITP：厂家监造计划 Workshop Inspection and Test Plan 1.3.11.WPS：焊接工艺评定Welding Procedure Specification。
设备管理英文术语大全
概率〔几率〕probability·方差variance·分散修理decentralized maintenance·动态试验dynamic test·动力设备设施治理power facilities management·除尘、防护设备治理duct-proof and protective equipment managemen t ·抽样调查sampling investigation·备件国产化治理domestic production management of imported spare parts ·标准偏差standard deviation·安装预算budget of installation·包机制machine contracting system·班前检查与润滑制度regulation of check and lubrication before on shift ·［设备］交接班制度shift relief system·?设备治理条例?〔?条例?〕?Equipment Management Regulation?·[设备]修理repair·[设备]修理maintenance (and repair)·重点调查key-point investigation·重点设备治理management of key-point equipment·重点设备key-point equipment·责任事故liability accident·指数分布exponential distribution·直方图histogram·预付与托收承付prepayment and collection·预防性试验prophylactic test·预防为主prevention first·正交设计法〔正交试验法〕orthogonal design·正态分布normal distribution·运输车辆治理制度transportation vehicle management system·质量“三包〞three guarantees of quality·质量事故accident due to quality·压力容器治理制度management regulation of pressure vessel·无故障运行时间mean time to failure·威布尔分布Weibull distribution·闲置设备治理制度idle equipment management·闲置设备idle plant·统计分析statistical analysis·修理性maintainability·修理信息治理maintenance information management·维护与方案检修相结合combination of service and planned maintenance ·随机大事random event·数控设备治理numerical control (NC) equipment management·三级保养制three-level service system·数学期望mathematical expectation·数学模型mathematical model·数理统计mathematical statistics·生产技术装备technical facilities in production·生产设备production equipment·寿命周期费用life cycle cost (LCC)·润滑油库治理制度mangement regulation of lubricant warehouse·商检〔商品检验〕commodity inspection·设计、制造与使用相结合combination of design, manufacturing and operation ·设备调研investigation on plant·设备的牢靠性与牢靠度reliability reliability theory·设备的节能性energy saving property of plant·设备的检查评比facility inspection and appraise through comparison for plant ·设备点检制度plant check system·设备的成套性complete set of plant·设备的平安性safety of plant·设备的生产率productivity of plant设备的耐用性durability of plant·设备的敏捷性flexibility of plant·设备状态监测与诊断技术治理equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology manage·设备状态治理制度equipment condition management systen·设备综合治理total plant management·设备资产动态治理制度dynamic management system of plant assets·设备租赁plant leasing·设备修前预备制度preparation system before equipment repair·设备修理工时定额man-hours quota for equipment repair·设备修理费用定额expense quota for equipment repair·设备修理材料定额material quota for equipment repair·设备修理质量验收制度acceptance regulation of equipment repair quality·设备型号equipment model·设备型式type of equipment·设备经济寿命economical life of equipment·设备经营治理制度operation and business management system·设备技术档案technical document of plant·设备技术状况technical conditions of equipment·设备技术状态治理technical condition management of plant·设备技术资料治理制度management system for technical document and plant ·设备技术性能technical properties of plant·设备技术寿命technical life of equipment·设备检修专业化协作specialized cooperation of plant maintenance·设备检修方案治理制度planning and management regulation of plant maintenance·设备检修方案plant maintenance plan·设备检修规程plant maintenance specification·设备检修质量plant maintenance quality·设备根底设计与施工design and construction of equipment foundation·设备合同治理management of equipment order contract·设备规划可行性分析feasibility studies of plant project设备规划investment plan of plant·设备功能〔效能〕performance of plant·设备工作力量operational capability of plant·设备治理考核制度examination and check systems of plant management·设备治理经济责任制度economic responsibility regulation of plant management ·设备治理岗位标准post standard of plant management·设备治理制度plant management systems·设备治理停留时间定额〔停留天数〕downtime quota for equipment repair·设备治理现代化plant engineering modernization·设备治理plant management, plant enginerring·设备固定资产治理制度fixed plant assets management systems·设备故障equipment failure·设备更治理制度plant renewal management·设备更plant renewal·设备更换plant replacement·设备岗位责任post responsibility of plant management·设备改造治理制度equipment modification management system·设备改造plant reconstruction, plant modernization·设备分级治理classified management of plant·设备定人定机、凭证操作规定operation regulation with fixed qualified operator and fixed eq·设备操作的“五项纪律〞“five disciplines〞of plant operation·设备操作规程operation specification of equipment·设备备品配件治理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts·设备备件库房治理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts inventory·设备报价to quote plant price·设备报废discard of plant·设备安装治理equipment installation management·设备安装equipment installation·设备巡回检查制度tours system to inspect plant·设备询价to enquire plant price设备选型plant model selection·设备验收交接制度acceptance check and reception systems of plant·设备统计报表制度statistic-reporting system of plant·设备修理技术资料technical document and date for plant maintenance·设备修理技术治理制度management regulation of plant maintenance technology ·设备修理定额equipment maintenance quota·设备维护规程equipment service specification·设备台帐unit account of plant·设备完好标准equipment perfectness norm·设备完好plant in good condition·设备索赔claims for equipment·设备使用规程specifications of usage·设备使用初期信息反响治理information feedback management in initial operation period of pl·设备使用与维护治理制度management regulation for operation and service of equipment·设备全过程治理life-cycle management of plant·设备寿命life of equipment·设备润滑治理制度lubrication management regulation of plant·设备润滑“五定〞“five fixation〞of lubrication·设备事故治理制度accident management regulation of plant·设备事故“三不放过〞three do not let pass of plant accident·设备事故plant accident·设备区域修理负责制region responsibility system of plant maintenance·设备前期治理和后期治理fore period and later period management of plant·设备前期治理规定regulation of fore period management of plant·设备磨损补偿wear compensation for plant·设备老化plant ageing·算术平均值〔均值〕arithmetic mean·强制保养制coercionary service system·投资效果系数effect coefficient of investment·设备经济治理制度economic management system of plant设备治理评优活动excellence selection activity in plant management·排列图〔帕累托图〕Pareto chart·负荷试验load test·故障停机时间breakdown time·工艺适应性technological adaptability·工程设备监理supervision of engineering facilities·工序掌握点设备治理management of proccess-control-point equipment·合同变更与解除contract change and cancellation·混合修理combined maintenance·回归分析regression analysis·检查间隔期interval between inspections·检修社会化socialization of maintenance·集中修理centralized maintenance·技术先进性technical advancement·技术治理与经济治理相结合combination of technical management and economic management·计算机关心设备治理computer-aided plant management·方案预修制度〔ЛЛP〕planned preventive maintenance system·进口设备离岸价FOB of imported equipment·进口设备治理imported equipment management·进口设备到岸价CIF of imported equipment·精、大、稀设备precise,large scale,rare plant·精、大、稀设备治理management of precise,large scale,rare equipment·精、大、稀、关键设备的“五定〞“five fixed〞of precise,large scale,rare,critical equipme·经济性economy·静态试验static test·开箱检查open-case inspection·平均偏差average deviation·平均等待时间mean waiting time,MWT·修理周期repair cycle·修理周期构造structure of repair cycle修理、改造与更相结合combination of repair, modernization and renewal·修理简单系数complexity coefficient of repair·修理间隔期time between repairs·租赁设备治理制度leased equipment management system·资金的时间价值time value of fund·自然事故natural accident·自制设备self-made equipment·自制设备治理制度management system for selfmade equipment·自制备件治理制度self-made spare parts management system·专业治理与群众治理相结合combination of professional management and mass management·转让设备〔设备调剂〕transfer of facility·典型调查typical investigation·地区〔部门〕修理中心areal (departmental) repair center·废油回收率recovery ratio of used oil·动力设备完好率perfectness ratio of power plant·定期保养完成率fulfillment ratio of periodic service·大修理平均停留天数mean downtime(days) due to overhaul·重点设备完好率perfectness ratio of key-point equipments·一次交验合格率qualification ratio under first acceptance check·在用设备可利用率availability of plant in use·已安装设备利用率utilization ratio of installed equipments·万元固定资产年创利润率annual profit ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·万元产值占用修理费用maintenance expense for 1000 yuan production value ·实有设备安装率installation ratio of owned equipments·设备综合利用率comprehensive utilization ratio of plant·设备资产增值率added value rate of plant assets·设备资产投资回收期capital investment recovery period of plant·设备度newness degree of plant·设备净资产创利润率profit ratio vs net book value of plant·设备方案台时利用率utilization ratio of planned time of plant设备构成比constitution ratio of plant·设备负荷率load rate of plant·设备返修率back repair rate·设备制度台时利用率utilization ratio of institutional time of plant·设备闲置率idelness ratio of plant·设备投资回收报率plant capital investment recovery ratio·设备投资产出比capital investment recovery period of plant·设备完好率perfectness ratio of plant·设备日常保养完成率plant daily service fulfillment ratio·设备事故频率incident frequency·设备利用率utilization ratio·事故［故障］停机率down time ratio to accident (failure)·清洗换油方案完成率fulfillment ratio of cleaning and oil change plan·每个修理简单系数平均大修理本钱mean repair cost per complexity coefficient of repair·每个简单系数占用修理费用maintenance expense per repair complexity coefficient·每万元固定资产创工业增加值率industrial increase value ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·故障强度failure intensity·故障频率failure frequency·关键设备完好率perfectness ratio of critical equipments·精大稀设备完好率perfectness raito of precise,large scale and rare equipments ·可利用率〔有效利用率〕availability·平均停机时间mean down time,MDT·平均故障间隔期，平均无故障工作时间mean time between failture·修理方案完成率fulfillment ratio of repair plan废润滑油再生〔废油再生〕regeneration of waste lubricating oil·防泄漏治理leak prevention management·二级保养second level service·定期精度调整periodic accuracy adjustment·定人定机制度system of fixed machine and operator·额定载荷rated load·超负荷试运行commissioning under overload·初步试运行preliminary commissioning·操作工人的“四会〞four basic skills for operator·参数故障parametric failure·保养方案完成率fulfilment ratio of service plan·保养规程service specification·保养“十字〞作业法“ten words〞method for service·保养service·平安性故障safety failure·平安规程safety procedure·[设备性能]劣化degradation (of equipment performance)·PM 小组PM group·隐蔽故障hidden failure·有效性availability·有效度avaliability·有效寿命effective life·制度时间institutional time·一级保养first level service·原发故障primary failure·原始记录original record·正常负荷normal load·正常超载normal overload·治漏“八字〞法“eight words〞method for leakage control·运行时间operating time仪表“三率〞“three rate〞of meter·早〔初〕期故障期early failure period·永久性故障〔持续性故障〕permanent failure·验收试运行final commissioning·无泄露[区]标准leakless(area) standard·突发性〔偶发〕故障random failure·维护费service cost·危急性故障dangerous failure·误操作故障failure by misoperation·完好设备perfect facility·生产修理productive maintenance(PM)·润滑工作岗位责任制post responsibility of lubrication work·润滑治理制度lubrication management system·润滑“五定〞“five fixation〞of lubrication·润滑“三过滤〞three-step filtration of lubricating oil·润滑站lubricating station·润滑图表lubricating diagram·试车commissioning·日常保养费daily service expenses·日常保养〔日保〕daily service·日历时间利用率utilzation ratio of calender time·设备的牢靠性和牢靠度reliability·设备的区域维护regional service of equipment·设备技术状态technical conditions of equipment·设备故障率曲线〔浴盆曲线〕failure rate curve of equipment,tub curve ·设备操作合格证operation licence·设备“5S〞活动“5S〞activity of equipment·设备隐患hidden trouble of equipment·设备运行记录operation record of equipment·设备维护的“四项要求〞four requirements for plant service设备维护标准service standard of equipment·设备维护equipment service·设备使用的“三好〞three well doing for use of facility·设备使用过程process of machine operation·设备三级保养three-level service system for equipment·设备日常点检routine inspection·设备清洗〔清扫〕cleaning of plant·设备漏油标准oil leakage standard·设备利用系数utilization factor of equipment·人身保护装置personal safety device·强制保养mandatory service·潜在故障latent filure·偶发故障期accidental failure period·磨损性故障wearout failure·例行保养〔例保〕routine service·密封点sealed point·劣化趋向治理degradation trend control·随机故障random failure·设备的定期维护periodic service of equipment·负荷试运行commissoning under load·故障类型failure type·故障率〔失效率〕failure rate·故障率根本类型basic forms of failure rate·故障模式failure mode·故障模型failure model·故障弱化failure weakening·故障树分析FTA,fault tree analysis·故障物理学physics of failure·故障停机率breakdown rate·故障征兆failure symptom·故障平安safety protection against failure·故障分析方法failure analysis method·故障机理failure mechanism·功能故障functional failure·关键设备使用维护“四定〞four stipulations for operation and maintenance of critical equip·耗损〔劣化〕故障期exhaustion failure period·红旗设备red-flag equipment·根本故障basic failure·连续性故障intermittent failure·继发故障secondary failure·方案时间利用率utilization ratio of planned time·渐衰失效性故障local and gradual failure·渐发性〔磨损〕故障gradual(wear-out) failure·精、大、稀、关键设备的使用维护operation and service of precise,large scale,rare and criti·净开动时间net operating time·可使用时间up time·可用性〔可利用率〕availability·牢靠性为中心的修理reliability centered maintenance,RCM·平均故障间隔期〔平均无故障工作时间〕mean time between failures,MTBF·破坏性故障catastrophic failure·起重机平安保护safety protection of crane·最大允许寿命〔宣称寿命〕maximum permitted life (declared life)·自显故障self-displayed failure·综合试运行total commissioning·专群结合combination of specialists and masses·调整adjustment·跟踪检查trail checkout·法定检查lawful inspection·动特性试验dynamic performance test·动态精度dynamic accuracy动态检验dynamic test·定期点检periodic fixed point inspection·定期检查periodic inspection·定期参数检查periodic parameter examination·定期润滑检查periodic lubrication check·“三位一体〞点检制“three in one〞fixed point inspetion system·主观〔五官〕推断故障subjective(sensible) failure deciding·一般目视检查general visual inspection·影响设备效率的六大损失six major losses affecting running efficiency·正常检查normal inspection·巡回检查patrol inspection·巡回检测patrol test·无损检查non-destructive test·停机时间down time·微观组织检查examination of microscopic structure·损坏break down·缺陷defect·失效〔故障〕failure·容许故障率allowable failure rate·日常检查daily inspection·日常润滑检查daily lubrication check·设备点检fixed point inspection of equipment·设备检查facilities inspection·设备监测equipment monitoring·设备故障频率equipment failure frequency·设备故障治理效果评价result evaluation of plant failure management·设备诊断技术equipment diagnostic technique·设备诊断equipment diagnosis·酸洗检查inspection with pickling·敲打检查hammering test磨损检查wearing inspection·内外表检查inner surface inspection·故障强度率failure intensity rate·故障趋于零的“四个阶段〞“four steps〞to zero failure·故障危害程度harm extent of failure·故障为零的五项措施five measures to zero failure·故障〔停机〕损失breakdown loss·故障治理程序program of railure management·故障治理信息information of failure management·故障修理troubleshooting·功能检查〔功能测试〕function inspection,function test·宏观组织检查examination of macroscopic structure·检定周期cycle of verification·技术维护technical service·季节性技术维护seasonal technical service·方案保全治理planned maintenance management·解体检查inspection under disassembled condition·精度检查accuracy inspection·静态精度static accurary·牢靠性试验reliability test·牢靠性分析reliability analysis·平均寿命时间〔MTTF〕mean time to failure·状态监测condition monitoring·状态检查condition inspection·点检的主要环节main items of fixed point inspection改善修理corrective maintenance·返修率back repair rate·分级修理stepped(sizing) repair·分散修理制decentralized maintenance system·废次品及返修损失waste and ungraded product and back repair loss ·非预定修理时间unscheduled maintenance time·定期修理作业periodic repair task·定期修理法periodic repair·定位精度location accuracy·传动精度transmission accuracy·大修方案修改revision of overhaul plan·大修方案考核assesment of overhaul plan·大修方案编制overhaul planning·大修方案依据basis of overhaul plan·大修方案完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul plan·大修方案实施implementation of overhaul plan·大修费用overhaul cost·大修本钱构成overhaul cost·大修本钱分析overhaul cost analysis·大修本钱完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul cost·大修保修overhaul guarantee·大修周期interval between overhauls, overhaul cycle·大修质量保证体系guarantee system of overhaul quality·大修理质量评定overhaul quality evaluation·大修理质量掌握overhaul quality control·大修overhaul,capital repair·部件修理法assembly repair·局部修理法partial repair·补偿法compensation method·备件生产方案production program of spqre parts备份或冗余系统stand-by or redundancy system·标准尺寸修理法standard-size repair method·八步法“eight ste〞ps method·重复定位精度repeat location accuracy·中修middle repair·有可修理备份的系统system with maintainable standby parts·远距离修理remote maintenance·预防修理preventive maintenance·预定修理时间scheduled maintenance time·预知修理〔状态监测修理〕predictive maintenance·质量体系quality system·质量quality·逾期修理deferred maintenance·网络方案network planning·修理技术培训maintenance skill training·修理间隔〔正常运行时间〕maintenance interval, uptime·修理活动的经济分析economic analysis of maintenance activities ·修理工人maintenance worker·修理防护maintenance protection·修理车间maintenance shop·修理预防maintenance prevention·修理周期maintenance cycle·修理时间maintenance time·同步修理法synchronous repair·停修时间repair downtime·项修〔工程修理〕item repair·外委修理repair on commission·全员参与的生产修理制〔TPM〕total production maintenance system·受控修理controlled maintenance·寿命周期修理life cycle maintenance热修hot repair·设备修理方案repair schedule of equipment·设备修理验收acceptance check for equipment repair·设备季度修理方案quarterly repair schedule of equipment·设备技术考核technical check of equipment·设备大修方案equipment overhaul plan·设备月度修理方案monthly repair schedule of equipment·设备修理方案equipment maintenance plan·设备修理三要素three essential factors of equipment maintenance ·设备项修方案item repair plan of equipment·设备年度修理方案annual repair schedule of equipment·事后修理breakdown maintenance·抢修first-aid repair·大修机床精度accuracy of machine tool after overhaul·滚动方案rolling (circulation) plan·治理信息系统修理MIS maintenance·工程力量指数process capacity index·工作精度working accuracy·恢复性修理recovery repair·机床旋转精度rotational accuracy of machine tool·机修车间〔分厂〕machine repair shop·机修技工maintenance mechanic·机械修复法mechanical repair method·机械的瞬时效率instantaneous efficiency of machinery·互换法interchange method·检验inspection·集中修理制centralized maintenance system·几何精度geometric accuracy·季节性修理seasonal repair·方案外修理repair out of plan方案修理scheduled maintenance·方案预修制〔ППP〕planned preventive maintenance system ·方案修理planned repair·接触精度contact accuracy·紧急修理作业emergency repair task·就地加工修配法machining and fitting method on the spot·精度指数precision index·精度标准accuracy standard·精度保持性precision retaining ability·精度贮存precision reserve·精修fine repair·精修技工fine repair mechanic·经济精度economic accuracy·平衡精度等级balancing precision grade·平均修理时间mean time to repair(MTTR), mean repair time·小修minor repair·修配法fitting method·修配环repair link·修理任务书repair specification·修理施工调度repair rasks dispatch·修理时间repair time, shutdown time·修理停留时间定额downtime quota for equipment repair·修理用设备repair facilities·修理质量repair quality·修理质量指标repair quality index·修理质量方案repair quality plan·修理质量考核repair quality assessment·修理标识repair symbols·修理本钱考核repair cost assessment·修理尺寸repair size修理定额repair quota·修理费用定额repair cost quota·修理方案repair scheme·修理工时定额repair manhour quota·修理工时考核repair manhours assessment·修理工艺repair technology·修理工程车maintenance engineering truck·修理工具maintenance tool·修理工期考核repair time limit assessment·修理考核repair assessment·修前预检inspection before repair·修前测绘measuring and drawing before repair·修前访问inquiry before repair·修后效劳service after repair·最优修理周期optimum repair cycle·装配精度assembly accuracy·电修车间〔分厂〕electric repair shop·电修技工maintenance electrician·单台设备修理费用核算repair cost accounting for single equipment ·调整法adjustment method·调整环adjusting link掩盖件covering parts·返修品back repaired products·分散〔混合〕贮存decentralized storage·分散生产方式decentralized production mode·分散生产分散贮存decentralized production and decentralized storage ·废品损失rejection loss·废品率rejection rate·废品waste products·存放合理化storage rationalization·贮存形式storage form·贮存恢复周期〔订货间隔期〕interval between orders·贮存限额storage limit·大型铸锻件large-sized casting and forging·次品substandard products·超差品over-tolerance products·常备备件runing spare parts·成品finished products·成品贮存storage of finished products·成对贮存conjugated storage·成对〔套〕件conjugated parts·部件贮存storage of assembles·部件assembly·仓库面积利用率utilization ratio of storehouse area·备件的“五清〞“five clear〞for spare parts·备件自给率self - sufficiency rate of spare parts·备件自然失效natural failure of spare parts·备件资金的核算法accounting method of spare parts fund·备件资金占用率occupation rate of spare parts fund·备件资金周转期turnover period of spare parts fund·备件资金周转率turnover rate of spare parts fund备件考核指标assessment criteria of spare parts managment·备件卡根底资料elementary data of spare parts cards·备件卡〔帐〕cards of spare parts·备件库的“五五码放〞“five- five tiering〞for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三全都〞“three coincidence〞for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三清〞“three clear〞for storehouse of spare parts·备件库的“两齐〞“two neatness〞for storehouse of spare parts·备件库治理工作management of spare parts storehouse·备件库存供给率supply rate of spare parts inventory·备件库保管员职责responsibility of spare parts storehouse manager ·备件库职责responsibilities for storehouses of spare parts·备件库storehouse for spare parts·备件经济治理economic management of spare parts·备件常常贮存定额regular storage quota of spare parts·备件方案员planner responsible for spare parts·备件计算机治理computer - aided management of spare parts·备件技术员technician responsible for spare parts·备件技术失效technical failure of spare parts·备件汇总collection of spare parts·备件合用率suitability of spare parts·备件供给率supply rate of spare parts·备件治理方案工作planning work of sapre parts management·备件治理技术工作technical work of spare parts management·备件治理职责responsibility of spare parts management·备件治理spare parts management·备件范围range of spare parts·备件分类工作classifying work of spare parts·备件订货点法ordering point method of spare parts·备件订货点ordering point of spare parts·备件订货量ordering quantity of spare parts·备件定期订货法periodic ordering method of spare parts·备件定量订货法fixed - quantity ordering method of spare parts·备件定量保持法〔维持定量法〕fixed - quantity keeping method of spare parts ·备件贮存的“三点制〞“three point system〞of spare parts storage·备件贮存资金限额limit of funds for reserve spare parts·备件贮存资金funds for reserve spare parts·备件贮存定额storage quota of spare parts·备件贮存失效寿命storage life of spare parts to failure·备件本钱价格cost price of spare parts·备件选购〔供给〕周期delivery cycle of spare parts·备件包装法packing method of spare parts·备件拥有量possessed amount of spare parts·备件周转加速率turnover acceleration rate of spare parts·备件周转率turnover rate of spare parts·备件质量检验quality inspection of spare parts·备件图册根本内容main contents of spare parts album·备件图册质量quality of spare parts album·备件图册spare parts album·备件统计分析法statistical analysis method of spare parts·备件统计statistic of spare parts·备件消耗量consumption of spare parts·备件退库率return rate of spare parts·备件使用寿命service life of spare parts·备件双箱法〔双贮存法〕double case method of spare parts·备件生产方式production mode of spare parts·备件寿命life of spare parts·备件名目卡〔帐〕item cards of spare parts·备件年平均库存金额annual average stock sum of spare parts·备件ABC 治理法A,B,C management method of spare parts·备件ABC 分类法A,B,C classifying method of spare parts备件spare parts·标准件standard parts·半成品贮存storage of semifinished porducts·半成品semi-finished products·易损件vulnerable parts·中心备件库central storehouse of spare parts·一般备件running spare parts·液压件hydraulic parts·在制品articles being processed·循环性备件repairable spare parts·限寿机件life-limited item·特别贮存special storage·橡胶件rubber parts·替代品substitute products·修理用外购物资outsourcing materials used for maintenance·通用配件商品化commercialization of general-purpose spare parts·微电子器件micro-electronic parts of appliances·消耗性备件consumptive spare parts·消耗定额consume quota·外协件outsourcing manufactured parts·外购备件贮存定额公式storage quota formula of outsourcing spare parts ·外购备件outsourcing spare parts·确定备件的构造分析法structural analysis method for determining spare parts ·润滑件lubricating parts·设备备件综合卡〔帐〕integrated cards of equipment spare parts·设备备件卡〔帐〕cards of equipment spare parts·强制更换件mandatory replacement item·每个简单系数备件资金fund of spare parts per complexity coefficient·毛坯库storehouse for stocks·毛坯件stock毛坯贮存storage of stock·密封件sealing parts·配件fittings·通用〔共用〕件general-purpose parts·光学系统备件parts of optical system·贵重备件valuable spare parts·管路备件spare parts for pipes·工程塑料件engineering plastic parts·关键备件critical spare parts·机械零件machine parts·机械备件mechanical spare parts·连续贮存discontinued storage。
SAP系统中英文对照表
SAP系统中英文对照表SAP Easy Access SAP轻松访问：Menu 菜单Edit 编辑Favorites 收藏夹Extras 细节System 系统Help 帮助Office 办公室Cross-Application Components 交叉应用组件Organization 组织Collaboration Projects 协作项目Logistics 后勤Accounting 会计核算Human Resources 人力资源Information Systems 信息系统Tools 工具1.Accounting 会计核算Financial Accounting 财务会计General Ledger 总分类账Posting 过账FB50-Enter G/L Account Document 输入总账科目凭证FB51L-Enter G./L Account Document for Ledger Group 输入分类账组的总账凭证F-02-General Posting 一般过账FB01L-Enter General Posting for Ledger Group 输入分类账组的常规过账FV50-Edit or Park G/L Document 编辑或预制总账凭证F-65-General Document Parking 一般凭证预制F-04-Posting with Clearing 过账并清帐F-06-Incoming Payments 收款F-07-Outgoing Payments 对外支付FBCJ-Cash Journal Posting 现金日记账过账F-05-Valuate Foreign Currency 外币评估Reference Documents 参考凭证Document 凭证Account 账户Master Records 主记录Statistical Key Figures 统计关键指标Periodic Processing 期间处理Corrections 更正Reporting 报表Information System 信息系统Environment 环境Accounts Receivable 应收款Accounts Payable 应付账款Contract Accounts Receivable and PayableBanks 银行Fixed Assets 固定资产Special Purpose Ledger 特殊功能分类账Additional Functions 附加功能Lease Accounting 租赁会计核算Travel Management 差旅管理Financial Supply Chain Management 财务供应链管理Controlling 控制Enterprise Controlling 企业控制Strategic Enterprise Management 战略企业管理Investment Management 投资管理Project System 项目系统Incentive and Commission Management 激励和佣金管理Real Estate Management 房地产管理Flexible Real Estate Management 灵活不动产管理Joint Venture Accounting 合资企业会计核算Production Sharing Accounting 产品分享制会计核算Regulatory Reporting for the Utilities Industry 公用事业的调查报告Public Sector Management 公共部门管理Bank Applications 银行管理2. Logistics 后勤Materials Management 物料管理Purchasing 采购Purchase Order 采购订单Purchase Requisition 采购申请Outline Agreement 架构协议RFQ/Quotation 询价、报价Master Data 主数据Environment 环境Inventory Management 库存管理Goods Movement 货物移动Material Document 物料凭证Reservation 预留Periodic Processing 期间处理Environment 环境Excise Duty 货物税Logistics Invoice Verification 后勤发票校验Physical Inventory 库存盘点Valuation 评估Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 物料需求计划Service Entry Sheet 服务条目标Service Master 服务主数据Foreign Trade/Customs 外贸/关税Material Master 物料主数据Product Catalog产品目录Sales and Distribution 销售和分销Master Data 主数据Sales Support 销售支持Pendulum List Indirect Sales 钟摆清单间接销售Sales 销售Shipping and Transportation 装运和运输Billing 出具发票Empties Management 空管理Credit Management 信用管理Foreign Trade/Customs 外贸/关税Sales Information System 销售信息系统Logistics Execution 后勤执行Direct Store Delivery 直接存储交货Inbound Process 内向交货Outbound Process 外向交货Cross-Docking 交叉卸货Transportation Cross-Docking 运输交叉卸货Internal Whse ProcessesTransportationInformation SystemMaster DataYard ManagementTask&Resource ManagementProduction 生产Master DataSOPDRPProduction PlanningMRPShop Floor ControlRepetitive ManufacturingKANBANProduction Cost PlanningProduction-Process 产品-处理Master DataSOPProduction PlanningMRPProduction CampaignProcess PlanningProcess ManagementProduct Cost PlanningPlant Maintenance 工厂维护Customer Service 客户服务Quality Management 质量管理Support for Flight OperationsOrganization Management Organizational Flexibility Project System 项目系统SAP Global Trade Management SAP全球贸易管理Compensation Management 薪酬管理Agency Business 代理业务Environment, Health and Safety 环境，健康和安全Central Functions 核心功能。
电厂机修日常工作文章
电厂机修日常工作文章英文回答：Working as a maintenance technician in a power plant is a challenging yet rewarding job. It requires a combination of technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a strong attention to detail. In this article, I will share with you the daily tasks and responsibilities of a power plant maintenance technician.One of the primary responsibilities of a maintenance technician is to perform routine inspections and preventive maintenance on various equipment in the power plant. This includes checking and lubricating motors, inspecting belts and chains, and replacing worn-out or damaged parts. By conducting regular inspections, we can identify and address potential issues before they escalate into major problems, ensuring the smooth operation of the power plant.Another important aspect of our job is troubleshootingand repairing equipment breakdowns. When a piece of machinery malfunctions, it is our responsibility to diagnose the problem and fix it in a timely manner. This requires a thorough understanding of the equipment's functioning and the ability to quickly identify the root cause of the issue. For example, if a generator fails to start, we may need to check the fuel supply, ignition system, and electrical connections to determine the cause of the problem.In addition to maintenance and repairs, we also assist in the installation and commissioning of new equipment. This involves working closely with engineers and other technicians to ensure that the new equipment is properly installed and integrated into the existing power plant infrastructure. It requires precise measurements, careful planning, and attention to detail to ensure a successful installation.Furthermore, as maintenance technicians, we are responsible for keeping accurate records of all maintenance activities, including inspections, repairs, and equipmentreplacements. This documentation is essential for tracking the performance of the equipment, identifying recurring issues, and planning future maintenance schedules. It also helps in complying with regulatory requirements and maintaining a safe working environment.Moreover, we are often involved in training and mentoring new technicians. Sharing our knowledge and experience with the next generation of maintenance technicians is crucial for the continuous improvement of the power plant's maintenance operations. We guide them through the various tasks, teach them troubleshooting techniques, and emphasize the importance of safety protocols.To sum up, the daily work of a power plant maintenance technician involves performing routine inspections, troubleshooting equipment breakdowns, assisting in installations, maintaining accurate records, and training new technicians. It is a demanding job that requires technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and a strong commitment to safety. However, it is also a fulfilling jobthat offers opportunities for professional growth and contributes to the smooth and efficient operation of the power plant.中文回答：作为一名电厂机修技术员，这是一份具有挑战性但又有回报的工作。
园艺点缀家园的英语作文
Gardening is an art that can transform a home into a sanctuary of beauty and tranquility.It is not just about growing plants its about creating a space that reflects your personality and provides a sense of wellbeing.The first step in gardening is to choose the right plants for your home.Consider the climate,soil type,and the amount of sunlight your garden receives.Native plants are usually a good choice as they are adapted to the local environment and require less maintenance.Once you have selected your plants,its time to design your garden.A wellplanned garden should have a focal point that draws the eye and guides the viewer through the space. This could be a water feature,a statue,or a beautiful flowering e symmetry and balance to create a harmonious design.Planting is the next step.Start with the largest plants and work your way down to the smaller ones.Group plants with similar water and sunlight needs together to make maintenance easier.Remember to leave enough space between plants for them to grow.After planting,its important to care for your garden.Regular watering,pruning,and fertilizing are essential for healthy growth.Mulching around the plants can help retain moisture and suppress weeds.In addition to plants,consider adding garden ornaments to enhance the aesthetic appeal of your garden.These could be bird baths,wind chimes,or decorative pots.Pathways made of stepping stones or gravel can add a rustic charm to your garden.Gardening is not just about aesthetics it also has numerous health benefits.It can reduce stress,improve mental health,and even increase life expectancy.Spending time in nature has been shown to boost mood and reduce anxiety.In conclusion,gardening is a rewarding activity that can beautify your home and improve your wellbeing.With careful planning and maintenance,you can create a garden that is a reflection of your personality and a source of joy for years to come.。
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Organization structure of maintenance department
Maintenance superintendent
Engineering Assistant
Facilities foreman
Foreman Shops maintenance
Foreman Planning & scheduling
Importance of Maintenance
It varies with the type of plant and its production. Equipment breakdown leads to an unavoidable loss of production. Plant maintenance plays a vital role in production management because plant breakdown creates problems such as….
with the use of special purpose machines or equipments, after sometimes they becomes much more expensive. for this reason it is very important that the plant machinery should be properly maintained.
Advantages of using standard data
Consistent estimating of maintenance jobs. Elimination of delays through improved scheduling. Improved supervisory control. Alternate methods of maintenance can be properly compared. The fluctuation in maintenance requirements are handled properly. Standard data forms a basis for accurately evaluating and controlling maintenance expenditure
PLANT MAINTENANCE
Plant
A plant is a place, where, men, materials, money, equipment, machinery, etc.are brought together for manufacturing products.
Maintenance
Objective of Plant Maintenance
Байду номын сангаас
Machines and other facilities should be kept in such a condition which permits them to be used at their optimum capacity without any interruption. To achieve minimum breakdown and to keep the plant in good working condition at the lowest possible cost. Maintenance division of the factory ensures the availability of the machines, buildings and services required by the other sections of the factory.
Continue…
Loss in production time. Rescheduling of production. Damages the raw material. Need for over-time. Need for subcontracting the work. Temporary work shortage. Workers require alternative work.
Purpose
Maintenance standards are used for, Planning and scheduling maintenance work. Providing fair number of maintenance-men. Measuring the output or effectiveness of performance of maintenance-men.
Foreman engineering
Field foreman
STANDARD DATA FOR MAINTENANCE
Introduction
No maintenance programme can be accurately developed and maintained without various standards such as…. 1. Time standards which indicate the time to complete a maintenance job. 2. Lubrication standards which mark the interval between lubrications, etc.
Different duties of Maintenance department
Inspection Engineering Preventive maintenance Repair Overhaul Construction Salvage Clerical jobs Providing fire protection Insurance Pollution and noise resistant