环境工程专业英语翻译理论_1
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dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in chemical oxidation, by adding strong acids. It is expressed in mg/L. The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fraction of pollutants in the wastewater that is biodegradable. Aerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products. As a result, aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic processes.
and septic systems, you see. Septic systems depend on much less efficient
anaerobic bacteria.
专业英语翻译理论
During this oxidation process, pollutants are broken down into
called aerators, the process can be significantly accelerated.
被动语态在专业英语中的使用比在其他场合更为广泛，主 要因为被动句比主动句更能说明需要论证的对象，更能使 其位置鲜明、突出。
专业英语翻译理论
③简略表达多。
The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fraction of
carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), nitrates, sulphates and biomass
(micro-organisms). By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators, the process can be significantly accelerated. Of all biological waste
treatment method, aerobic digestion is the most widespead process used
throughout the world (more than 95%). Aerobic bacteria demand oxygen to decompose dissolved
专业英语翻译理论
专业英语翻译理论
专业英语翻译理论
范文：
Aerobic Treatment
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic
treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and
pollutants. Large amounts of pollutants require large quantities of bacteria;
hence the demand for oxygen will be high. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the
专业英语翻译理论
POPs persistent organic pollutants 持久性有机污染物 TSP total suspended particle 总悬浮颗粒 TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen 总凯氏氮 UASB up flow anaerobic sludge blanket 上流式厌氧污泥床 MBR membrane bioreactor 膜生物反应器 SBR sequencing batch reactor 间歇式活性污泥法
专业英语翻译理论
②广泛使用被动语态。
During this oxidation process, pollutants are broken down
into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), nitrates, sulphates and biomass (micro-organisms). By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-
quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in biological
oxidation by the bacteria. It is expressed in mg/L.
专业英语翻译理论
The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measures the quantity of
专业英语翻译理论
1.2 翻译的基本知识
1.2.1 翻译标准
严复《天演论》：信、达、雅 ①忠实：译文必须忠实、正确地传达原文的内容。 ②通顺：译文的语言必须规范、流畅、通俗易懂。
专业英语翻译理论
1.2.2 翻译的过程 理解---表达 ①翻译的理解过程 a. 通读全文，领会大意。
b. 明辨语法，弄清关系。
c. 结合上下文，推敲词义。
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.
粗译： 世界大洋里漂浮着7659万亿吨的冰。这些冰包含在10000多个冰山里。 这些冰山从极地冰盖脱落而产生；多于90%的这些冰山来源于南极。
专业英语翻译理论
1.1.3 专业英语的修辞特点
①时态运用有限。 过去研究—过去时（与现在不发生联系）；讨论理论用现 在时。 Biofiltration technique for disposing ammoniumcontaminated gas streams was investigated.
庖丁解牛。
ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica. 就近修饰原则。
Layer 1: Ice encased in 10,000 icebergs Layer 2: icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, icebergs more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
②修辞手法较为单调。
专业英语翻译理论
③逻辑性语法词使用普遍。如： 表示原因的词：because, because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result, caused by, for 表示语气转折的词：but, however, nevertheless, yet, otherwise 表示逻辑、顺利连接的词：so, thus, therefore, furthermore, moreover, in addition to 表示限制的词：only, if only, except, besides, unless 表示假设的词：suppose, supposing, assuming, provided, providing
Aerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products. As a result, aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic processes.
1.1.2 专业英语的句法特点
①广泛使用陈述句。
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and
purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.
专业英语翻译理论
1. 专业英语翻译概论
1.1 专业英语的特点
1.1.1 专业英语的词汇特点
①专业词汇出现的频率低。 ②词义专一。
③广泛是使用缩写词。如：
COD chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量 BOD biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量 TOC total organic carbon 总有机碳 DO dissolved oxygen 溶解氧
句子倒置。
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice…
多重修饰。
ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
digest the the waste.
Aerobic bacteria are like humans in that they require oxygen to survive and thrive. This is the primary difference between aerobic systems
pollutants in the wasLeabharlann Baiduewater that is biodegradable.
④长句使用多。
Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and
purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste. 主句带若干从句，从句带短语，短语带从句，相互依附，相互制约。
专业英语翻译理论
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice
encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,
more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
专业英语翻译理论
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
and septic systems, you see. Septic systems depend on much less efficient
anaerobic bacteria.
专业英语翻译理论
During this oxidation process, pollutants are broken down into
called aerators, the process can be significantly accelerated.
被动语态在专业英语中的使用比在其他场合更为广泛，主 要因为被动句比主动句更能说明需要论证的对象，更能使 其位置鲜明、突出。
专业英语翻译理论
③简略表达多。
The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fraction of
carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), nitrates, sulphates and biomass
(micro-organisms). By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators, the process can be significantly accelerated. Of all biological waste
treatment method, aerobic digestion is the most widespead process used
throughout the world (more than 95%). Aerobic bacteria demand oxygen to decompose dissolved
专业英语翻译理论
专业英语翻译理论
专业英语翻译理论
范文：
Aerobic Treatment
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic
treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and
pollutants. Large amounts of pollutants require large quantities of bacteria;
hence the demand for oxygen will be high. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the
专业英语翻译理论
POPs persistent organic pollutants 持久性有机污染物 TSP total suspended particle 总悬浮颗粒 TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen 总凯氏氮 UASB up flow anaerobic sludge blanket 上流式厌氧污泥床 MBR membrane bioreactor 膜生物反应器 SBR sequencing batch reactor 间歇式活性污泥法
专业英语翻译理论
②广泛使用被动语态。
During this oxidation process, pollutants are broken down
into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), nitrates, sulphates and biomass (micro-organisms). By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-
quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in biological
oxidation by the bacteria. It is expressed in mg/L.
专业英语翻译理论
The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measures the quantity of
专业英语翻译理论
1.2 翻译的基本知识
1.2.1 翻译标准
严复《天演论》：信、达、雅 ①忠实：译文必须忠实、正确地传达原文的内容。 ②通顺：译文的语言必须规范、流畅、通俗易懂。
专业英语翻译理论
1.2.2 翻译的过程 理解---表达 ①翻译的理解过程 a. 通读全文，领会大意。
b. 明辨语法，弄清关系。
c. 结合上下文，推敲词义。
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.
粗译： 世界大洋里漂浮着7659万亿吨的冰。这些冰包含在10000多个冰山里。 这些冰山从极地冰盖脱落而产生；多于90%的这些冰山来源于南极。
专业英语翻译理论
1.1.3 专业英语的修辞特点
①时态运用有限。 过去研究—过去时（与现在不发生联系）；讨论理论用现 在时。 Biofiltration technique for disposing ammoniumcontaminated gas streams was investigated.
庖丁解牛。
ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica. 就近修饰原则。
Layer 1: Ice encased in 10,000 icebergs Layer 2: icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, icebergs more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
②修辞手法较为单调。
专业英语翻译理论
③逻辑性语法词使用普遍。如： 表示原因的词：because, because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result, caused by, for 表示语气转折的词：but, however, nevertheless, yet, otherwise 表示逻辑、顺利连接的词：so, thus, therefore, furthermore, moreover, in addition to 表示限制的词：only, if only, except, besides, unless 表示假设的词：suppose, supposing, assuming, provided, providing
Aerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products. As a result, aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic processes.
1.1.2 专业英语的句法特点
①广泛使用陈述句。
Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen. Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and
purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.
专业英语翻译理论
1. 专业英语翻译概论
1.1 专业英语的特点
1.1.1 专业英语的词汇特点
①专业词汇出现的频率低。 ②词义专一。
③广泛是使用缩写词。如：
COD chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量 BOD biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量 TOC total organic carbon 总有机碳 DO dissolved oxygen 溶解氧
句子倒置。
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice…
多重修饰。
ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
digest the the waste.
Aerobic bacteria are like humans in that they require oxygen to survive and thrive. This is the primary difference between aerobic systems
pollutants in the wasLeabharlann Baiduewater that is biodegradable.
④长句使用多。
Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and
purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste. 主句带若干从句，从句带短语，短语带从句，相互依附，相互制约。
专业英语翻译理论
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice
encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,
more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
专业英语翻译理论
Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.