2020高考英语有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解
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2018高考英语:有动词提示的短文语法填空解题技巧讲解和选编题附解析
高考英语语法填空
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。
①若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。如:Actually I believed I would work for a few years,get ________(marry),stay home and raise a family,so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.
这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词,在从句中作并列谓语。
I believed I would work for a few years...
I would get ________(marry)...
I would stay home...
I would raise a family...
答案married
很清楚,get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态,相当于be married。如果没有get在前面,只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑,才能符合交际的需要。
②若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词;若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式。确定的方法主要有:作主语或宾语,通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。如:
...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book.
答案memorizing
分析这个句子的成分可知,应该是memorizing...作真正的主语,前面的it是形式主语。
作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(done)。如:
________(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
答案Seen
从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了,表明句子不缺谓语,可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式,即非谓语动词形式;此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了:第一,“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”;第二,“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系;第三,动词的过去分词表示被动关系,因此应填“Seen”。
It rained heavily in the south,________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 答案causing
从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了,说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语,“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,即“大雨导致洪涝”;现在分词表示主动关系,因此应填“causing”,作结果状语。
优秀选编题
A
(2016·山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)
For many young people,going to university is one of the most important
__1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of
__2__(they)home to live with other people,often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US,people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be
__5__(independence).
At university,you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit,life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields.
Therefore,university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge,to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.
1.stages[考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数,故用stages。] 2. their[考查代词。由于空格后是名词home,故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词,故用their。]
3.Especially[考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分,可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容,故填Especially。]
4.from[考查介词。在英语中,far from是固定搭配,意思是:远离……。] 5.independent[考查形容词。根据句意,可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态,故填independent。]
6.be taught[考查动词语态。根据句意,由于主语是you,与teach之间是被动关系,而在空格前是助动词will,故用be taught。]
7.what[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构,可知这是一个表语从句,从句中缺少主语,根据句意可知要填what。]
8.academic[考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词,故其前面要用一