汉英平行结构对比与翻译
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汉英平行结构对比
张干周
CONTENTS
1.英语平行结构
2.汉语平行结构
英语平行结构
根据不同的语法单位，平行结构大致可分 为四种类型： 1)单词平行 2)短语平行
3)句子平行
4)语篇平行
15
1）单词平行
单词平行是指由一组词性相同﹑意义相 关﹑语气一致的词并置而成的结构，具有言 简意赅﹑整齐匀称﹑突出强调等特点。如：
17
2）短语平行
短语平行是指结构相同或相似的介词短 语﹑动词短语﹑分词短语﹑不定式短语等词 组并列而构成的平行结构，可使语义层层推
进，极具感染力。 如：
18
短语平行举例
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足 以长才 2. One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well. (Virginia Woolf) 人如果吃 不好，就无法好好思考，好好去爱，好好休息。 3. Babitt stayed up late, smoking countless cigars, and telling countless stories. (Sinclair Lewis) 巴
24
我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶 的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。 我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和
压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的
青青绿洲。 我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以 皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
20
3）句子平行
句子平行是平行句式由几个结构相同或 相似的简单句或复杂句并列而成，这类句式 通常语气一致，环环相扣，节奏明快。 如：
21
句子平行举例
I came. I saw. I conquered. (Julius Caesar) 我来了，我看见 了，我征服了。（简单句平行） But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. (Abraham Lincoln) 但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，我 们不能够圣化，我们不能够神话。（简单句平行） If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? (William Shakespeare) 你们要是用刀剑刺我们，我们不是也会出血的吗？你们要是搔 我们的痒，我们不是也会笑起来的吗？你们要是用毒药谋害我 们，我们不是也会死的吗？ （复合句平行）
有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世 态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。
They can divert转向 me from loneliness, relieve me of worries and isolate me from the snobbish势 力的 ways of the world, making me a billionaire inwardly.
Bureau was notified.
(From Lian Shuneng, 1993)
Warm-up Exercises
张干周
C→E Translation
1. 佳节马上到,向您问个好:办事处处顺,生活步步
高,彩票期期中,好运天天交,越活越年轻,越长越
俊俏。
2. 干活快了说你是爱表现；干活慢了说你是太偷懒； 干活不快不慢又要说你是不积极。 3. 您所拨打的用户心已欠费,爱已停机,感情不在服 务区，请您不要再拨。
25
汉语平行结构
汉语的平行结构主要涉及： 1）对偶句
2）排比句
3）反复句 4）顶针句
26
1）对偶句
对偶 是将字数相等、结构相同或相似的两个词组或句子
成对地排列起来的修辞法。
对偶句是由对偶组成的句Biblioteka Baidu。
对偶的句式看起来整齐美观，读起来节奏铿锵，便于记诵。 中国传统文化的对联，很多就是很好的对偶。 严式对偶的要求极严，上下两句对应的位置要词性相同、 声调平仄相对、不能有相同的字。
比特到很晚才睡，不知抽了多少烟，讲了多少故事。
19
4. The government of the people, by the
people, for the people. 民有，民治，民享的政府 （or:人民政府人民治，人民政府为人民）
5. Read not to contradict and confute; not to beli eve; and take for granted; not to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. (Francis Bacon) 读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言， 亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
(For 30 Minutes)
【第一段】书是我的良友，它给我一把金钥匙，诱导我打 开浅短的视界，愚昧的头脑，鄙塞的心灵。它从不吝惜对 我帮助。书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣。
Books are the best friends of mine. They provide me with a key to the door out of ignorance and into a new horizon. They never turn their backs upon me when I am in need. Books are my sweet heart in youth, companion and comforter in age.
22
4）语篇平行
语篇平行由几个结构相同或相似的段落 并列使用而形成的平行结构叫语篇平行。语 篇平行常起到增强气势﹑渲染气氛的作用 。
如：
23
语篇平行举例
I have a dream, that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream, that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. (Martin Luther King)
我真的是“不可一日无此君”。当我忙完了，累极了；
当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝
妙的安抚。
Actually, they have become things that I cannot live without. To my indignation, dismay沮丧 or tiredness after work, they are a panacea万能药. (From Wu Qun, 2002)
【第二段】我们最近查找了卷宗，发现本局并无
此信。可以肯定的是，我们于两个月前收到此信， 经研究后，已寄还贵处。
A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this Bureau’s possession. It is noted that the letter was received two months ago, and after study, returned to your office.
16
单词平行举例
By their wit, sense, and eloquence together, they generally contrive to govern their husbands. (William Hazlitt) 凭借其机 智﹑其见识﹑其巧舌这三件利器，她们大都会图谋主宰她们的 丈夫。 Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? (Charlotte Bronte) 难道就因为我一 贫如洗﹑默默无闻﹑长相平庸﹑个子瘦小，就没有灵魂，没有 心肠了？ In they all come, one after another; some shyly, some boldly, some gracefully, some awkwardly… (Charles Dickens) 他们都 来了，一个接着一个；一些人羞涩腼腆，一些人大大咧咧，一 些人优雅大方，一些人笨拙粗俗……
鉴于以上情况，贵处仍无收信的记录，我们感 到遗憾。如果你们找到此信，请即通知本局， 不胜感谢。
In view of the foregoing, it is regretted that
your office has no record of its receipt. If the
letter is found, it would be appreciated if this
C→E Translation
1. The festival is coming, so I’d like to send you my best wishes. I wish you to have a smooth operation everywhere, to enjoy a better life out and in, to win lottery time and again, to have a good luck day by day, to get younger and younger and to become more and more handsome all the way.
汉英平行结构对比与翻译
张干周
CONTENTS
1. Students’ Presentation
2. Warm-up Exercises
3. 汉英平行结构对比 (Parallel Structure)
4. 汉英排比句对比与翻译
5. Exercises in Class
6. Homework
Students’ Presentation
C→E Translation
2. When doing fast, I am blamed for showing off; when
doing slow, I am blamed for being too lazy; when doing
neither fast nor slow, I am again blamed for not being
汉英平行结构对比
张干周
CONTENTS
1.英语平行结构
2.汉语平行结构
英语平行结构
根据不同的语法单位，平行结构大致可分 为四种类型： 1)单词平行 2)短语平行
3)句子平行
4)语篇平行
15
1）单词平行
单词平行是指由一组词性相同﹑意义相 关﹑语气一致的词并置而成的结构，具有言 简意赅﹑整齐匀称﹑突出强调等特点。如：
17
2）短语平行
短语平行是指结构相同或相似的介词短 语﹑动词短语﹑分词短语﹑不定式短语等词 组并列而构成的平行结构，可使语义层层推
进，极具感染力。 如：
18
短语平行举例
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足 以长才 2. One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well. (Virginia Woolf) 人如果吃 不好，就无法好好思考，好好去爱，好好休息。 3. Babitt stayed up late, smoking countless cigars, and telling countless stories. (Sinclair Lewis) 巴
24
我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶 的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。 我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和
压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的
青青绿洲。 我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以 皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
20
3）句子平行
句子平行是平行句式由几个结构相同或 相似的简单句或复杂句并列而成，这类句式 通常语气一致，环环相扣，节奏明快。 如：
21
句子平行举例
I came. I saw. I conquered. (Julius Caesar) 我来了，我看见 了，我征服了。（简单句平行） But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. (Abraham Lincoln) 但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，我 们不能够圣化，我们不能够神话。（简单句平行） If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? (William Shakespeare) 你们要是用刀剑刺我们，我们不是也会出血的吗？你们要是搔 我们的痒，我们不是也会笑起来的吗？你们要是用毒药谋害我 们，我们不是也会死的吗？ （复合句平行）
有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世 态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。
They can divert转向 me from loneliness, relieve me of worries and isolate me from the snobbish势 力的 ways of the world, making me a billionaire inwardly.
Bureau was notified.
(From Lian Shuneng, 1993)
Warm-up Exercises
张干周
C→E Translation
1. 佳节马上到,向您问个好:办事处处顺,生活步步
高,彩票期期中,好运天天交,越活越年轻,越长越
俊俏。
2. 干活快了说你是爱表现；干活慢了说你是太偷懒； 干活不快不慢又要说你是不积极。 3. 您所拨打的用户心已欠费,爱已停机,感情不在服 务区，请您不要再拨。
25
汉语平行结构
汉语的平行结构主要涉及： 1）对偶句
2）排比句
3）反复句 4）顶针句
26
1）对偶句
对偶 是将字数相等、结构相同或相似的两个词组或句子
成对地排列起来的修辞法。
对偶句是由对偶组成的句Biblioteka Baidu。
对偶的句式看起来整齐美观，读起来节奏铿锵，便于记诵。 中国传统文化的对联，很多就是很好的对偶。 严式对偶的要求极严，上下两句对应的位置要词性相同、 声调平仄相对、不能有相同的字。
比特到很晚才睡，不知抽了多少烟，讲了多少故事。
19
4. The government of the people, by the
people, for the people. 民有，民治，民享的政府 （or:人民政府人民治，人民政府为人民）
5. Read not to contradict and confute; not to beli eve; and take for granted; not to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. (Francis Bacon) 读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言， 亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
(For 30 Minutes)
【第一段】书是我的良友，它给我一把金钥匙，诱导我打 开浅短的视界，愚昧的头脑，鄙塞的心灵。它从不吝惜对 我帮助。书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣。
Books are the best friends of mine. They provide me with a key to the door out of ignorance and into a new horizon. They never turn their backs upon me when I am in need. Books are my sweet heart in youth, companion and comforter in age.
22
4）语篇平行
语篇平行由几个结构相同或相似的段落 并列使用而形成的平行结构叫语篇平行。语 篇平行常起到增强气势﹑渲染气氛的作用 。
如：
23
语篇平行举例
I have a dream, that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream, that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. (Martin Luther King)
我真的是“不可一日无此君”。当我忙完了，累极了；
当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝
妙的安抚。
Actually, they have become things that I cannot live without. To my indignation, dismay沮丧 or tiredness after work, they are a panacea万能药. (From Wu Qun, 2002)
【第二段】我们最近查找了卷宗，发现本局并无
此信。可以肯定的是，我们于两个月前收到此信， 经研究后，已寄还贵处。
A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this Bureau’s possession. It is noted that the letter was received two months ago, and after study, returned to your office.
16
单词平行举例
By their wit, sense, and eloquence together, they generally contrive to govern their husbands. (William Hazlitt) 凭借其机 智﹑其见识﹑其巧舌这三件利器，她们大都会图谋主宰她们的 丈夫。 Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? (Charlotte Bronte) 难道就因为我一 贫如洗﹑默默无闻﹑长相平庸﹑个子瘦小，就没有灵魂，没有 心肠了？ In they all come, one after another; some shyly, some boldly, some gracefully, some awkwardly… (Charles Dickens) 他们都 来了，一个接着一个；一些人羞涩腼腆，一些人大大咧咧，一 些人优雅大方，一些人笨拙粗俗……
鉴于以上情况，贵处仍无收信的记录，我们感 到遗憾。如果你们找到此信，请即通知本局， 不胜感谢。
In view of the foregoing, it is regretted that
your office has no record of its receipt. If the
letter is found, it would be appreciated if this
C→E Translation
1. The festival is coming, so I’d like to send you my best wishes. I wish you to have a smooth operation everywhere, to enjoy a better life out and in, to win lottery time and again, to have a good luck day by day, to get younger and younger and to become more and more handsome all the way.
汉英平行结构对比与翻译
张干周
CONTENTS
1. Students’ Presentation
2. Warm-up Exercises
3. 汉英平行结构对比 (Parallel Structure)
4. 汉英排比句对比与翻译
5. Exercises in Class
6. Homework
Students’ Presentation
C→E Translation
2. When doing fast, I am blamed for showing off; when
doing slow, I am blamed for being too lazy; when doing
neither fast nor slow, I am again blamed for not being