高中英语必修3第4单元重点单词和短语讲解

必修3第4单元重点单词和短语讲解

1.solar adj.太阳的，日光的solar system太阳系solar power 太阳能; 太阳能动力

Some women now can use solar power instead of gas stoves to boil water and cook food. 现在一些妇女使用太阳能代替煤气炉烧水做饭。

solar atmosphere and solar activities 太阳大气和太阳活动

lunar阴历的, 月的lunar calendar阴历

2.violent 激烈的; 猛烈的; 强烈的；暴力的

A shark is a kind of violent fish鲨鱼是一种有攻击性的鱼类.

why do French has violent revolutions to bring about change？为什么法国靠暴力革命去寻求改变？

1.The boat which was full of petrol sank in a ___ storm at sea.

A. violate

B. violence

C. violent

D. violated

选C violent ：激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的意思

The boat which was full of petrol sank in a violent storm at sea.

柴油充足的船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没了。

violate vt.

1. 违犯;违背

2. 侵犯;扰乱

3. 亵渎;污损

violence 是名词，暴力。violated 是violate 的过去时。

3.explode

explode: “迅速增长”；“发怒” 爆发；爆炸。

The population of this city has exploded in the last / past few years. 在最近几年里这个城市的人口急剧增加(explode)

如果是“someone explodes”则是“发怒”的含义了。

The students were so angry that they exploded and ran into the police department.

学生很生气，他们发怒并冲进了警察局。

The bloom exploded into a fire ball. 气球爆炸成了一个火球。

Explode/ blow up/ burst /blast 都表示爆炸

burst

爆炸; 爆裂; 胀破; 冲破; 溃决

突然发生, 突然发作; 忽然出现

(芽、蕾等)绽开

(主要指爆发出)

e.g.

burst with anger 勃然大怒

burst into tears 放声大哭

burst into the room 闯入房间

blow up 使充气, 爆炸, 放大

【化】爆发

使充气;扩张

使放大(照片图像或打印

使爆破

使发脾气

（指爆炸过程和结果，另一个重要意思是充气、胀大）

e.g.

Blow the bridge up. 炸毁这座桥。

Blow up a tire. 给轮胎充气

Blow up the bridge. 炸毁这座桥。

Blow sb. up with flattery 对某人阿谀奉承

explode

爆炸, 爆发

激增, 激发, 迅速扩张, (感情等)猛烈地发作, 蓬勃发展

（强调爆炸这个动作）

e.g.

explode with anger 勃然大怒, 大发脾气

explode with laugher 哄堂大笑

The bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸了。

blast指物的爆炸也指冲击the film was blasted by the critics.

4.in time

in time与on time的区别

in time有"及时;迟早"的意思,意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候,或解释为"终有一天;最后"; on time是"准时;按时"之意。如:

We were just in time for(或to catch) the bus.(我们及时赶上了公共汽车)

The train pulled in on time.(火车准时到站了)

记忆方法：

in time 及时in可以联想在什么什么里。及时

on time 按时on的谐音有按时的音

5.dissolve

mix, melt, dissolve的区别

(1) mix 指“两种或两种以上东西混在一起成一混合物, 其中各成分混得很均匀, 很难分开, 但多少仍保持原来的性能等”, 如:

mix paints

把多种颜料混在一起。

(2) melt 指“通过加热把物质由固态变为液态”, 如:

Glass melts at high temperature.

玻璃在高温下熔化。

(3) dissolve指“溶解”, 如:

dissolve sugar in water

把糖溶解在水中。

6.harmful

be harmful for+doing 或事物

be harmful to+sb/sth

在某些情况可以通用

The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to / for health.

be good for “对……有好处” be bad for 对……不好

be harmful to “对……有害处”

对某人有好处：do good to sb/be good for sb

对某人有坏处：do harm to sb/be bad for sb

be harmful to相当于do/does harm to =do sb (great/much) harm=be bad for

7.spread v.

伸展, 铺开, 扩大[张], 展开,；传播

spread out a map 摊开地图

spread news 传播消息

The bird spread its wings. 鸟伸展翅膀。

Flies spread diseases. 苍蝇传染疾病。

8.prevent ……from…..阻止；制止

prevent··· from

=stop ···from

=keep···from (from为介词，后加ing)

阻止，预防某人干某事

比如:l prevent him from going out.我阻止他出去。

9.depend 依靠，依赖

depend on依靠，依赖；取决于

depend on 是依赖,依靠；取决于可接名词或动名词。

according to是根据，按照接名词或动名词

1. Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。

2. It all depend on whether she like the boss or not.

一切都取决于她喜欢还是不喜欢这个老板。

3. I've been old enough to shift for myself I'll no longer depend on my father.

我已长大，可自己独立生活了，我将不再依靠我父亲了。

4. Depend on me.

相信我。

10.exist

exist: [ ig'zist ]

v. 存在

词形变化:

动词过去式:existed 过去分词:existed 现在分词:existing 第三人称单数:exists 例句与用法: