外研版高中英语必修4短语资料讲解
外研社必修四全册知识点归纳总结,推荐文档(K12教育文档)
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外研版高一必修4知识点归纳Unit 1 Life in the Future重点词汇：alternative; arrest; brick；concrete; criminal；disability; entertainment重点短语in the future 将来care for 照顾；关心plenty of 大量的think about考虑instead of 代替be able to能够attach to连接到；附属于have an accident 发生意外；出事故for a start开始on the way out 在路上a few of一些be made of由…制成throw away扔掉；丢弃for sure确定place an order 排列顺序语言点用法过关1。
alternative adj. 替换的，可供选择的（二者中)选择其一的考点归纳（1） alternative energy 替代能源 alternative ways 可供选择的方法（2） have no alternative but to do 除……别无选择 as an alternative 作为一种变通的方法 alternative to ……的替代物辨析：alternative 强调必须从两或多个中选一个choice 强调自由选择，不论选择的方式多或少preference 强调按自己喜欢的方式进行选择2. run out用完；耗尽考点归纳run after 追求；追赶run at 冲向；突袭run away 逃走；逃跑run into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入3. rely on依赖；依靠考点归纳 rely on/ upon s。
外研社必修四知识点总结
外研社必修四知识点总结外研社必修四是高中英语教材中的一部分，本书涵盖了高中英语四个学年的内容，包括了语法、词汇、阅读、写作等方面的知识点。
本文将对外研社必修四中的知识点进行总结，希望能帮助学生更好地理解和掌握这些知识点。
1. 单词在外研社必修四中，有很多重要的单词需要记忆和掌握。
这些单词涵盖了各个领域，包括生活、学习、工作等方面。
学生需要通过反复背诵、运用、巩固这些单词，特别是在阅读和写作中多多运用这些单词，以便能够更好地掌握和使用它们。
2. 语法外研社必修四中的语法知识点涵盖了各个层次，包括词类、句子结构、从句、虚拟语气、时态等方面的知识。
学生需要对这些知识点做到深入理解，特别是要掌握其使用方法和注意事项，以便在实际运用中能够正确使用这些语法知识点。
3. 阅读理解外研社必修四中的阅读理解部分包括了各种类型的文章，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
学生需要通过多次阅读这些文章，掌握其主旨、细节、逻辑关系等方面的内容，以便能够更好地理解和分析这些文章，并将所学知识应用到实际的阅读和理解中。
4. 写作技巧在外研社必修四中，写作技巧是一个重要的知识点。
学生需要掌握各种写作技巧，包括写句子、段落、短文等方面的技巧，以便能够更好地写好自己的作文。
同时，学生还需要多练习写作，通过不断地写作来提高自己的写作能力。
5. 听力和口语外研社必修四中还包括了听力和口语方面的知识点。
学生需要通过多次听力训练，提高自己的听力能力，同时还需要多练习口语，通过说英语来提高自己的口语能力。
总之，外研社必修四中的知识点非常丰富，学生需要通过不断的学习、训练和实践，来掌握这些知识点，以便能够更好地应用到实际的学习和生活中。
希望学生能够通过不懈的努力，掌握并运用这些知识点，取得更好的学习成绩和语言能力。
外研版高一英语必修4_Module3_单元核心知识讲解
考题链接
考题链接
考题链接
批语
被动语态的特殊形式，如主动形式 表示被动意义等也会成为语法填空等题型的考查 重点。 ①只有能接宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。有些特殊的及物动词短语没有被动语态， 如：belong to， date from, consist of 等 He keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated people.他不断告诉 他的学生未来属于受过良好教育的人。 ②不及物动词不能接宾语，所以没有被动语态。常用的不及物动词和短语有：appear, disappear, happen, lie, remain, come true，take place，run out 等 The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains now.上个世纪这座 宫殿着过三次火，现在原来的建筑所剩无几。
全部否定
none/no one没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing什么也没有 never从来没有 nowhere哪里都不 neither 两者中任何一个都不
部分否定
not all/all..not 并非都 not every/every...not 并非每一个 not both/both..not...并非两个都
考题链接
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高考佳句
(2017 天津）What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how lo recover.
外研社必修四全册知识点归纳总结
外研版高一必修4知识点归纳Unit 1 Life in the Future重点词汇: alternative; arrest; brick; concrete; criminal; disability; entertainment重点短语in the future 将来care for 照顾；关心plenty of 大量的think about考虑instead of 代替be able to能够attach to连接到；附属于have an accident 发生意外；出事故for a start开始on the way out 在路上a few of一些be made of由…制成throw away扔掉；丢弃for sure确定place an order 排列顺序语言点用法过关1.alternativ.adj.替换的, 可供选择的（二者中）选择其一.考点归..(1) alternative energy 替代能源 alternative ways 可供选择的方法(2) have no alternative but to do 除……别无选择 as an alternative 作为一种变通的方法alternative to ……的替代物辨析：alternative 强调必须从两或多个中选一个choice 强调自由选择, 不论选择的方式多或少preference 强调按自己喜欢的方式进行选择2.ru.ou.用完；耗.考点归..run after 追求；追赶run at 冲向；突袭run away 逃走；逃跑run into 偶然遇见；撞上；陷入3.rel.o.依赖；依.考点归. rel.on.upo.s..依赖/依. rel.o.sb.t.d.sth.指望某人做某.rel.o.i.that.相信….指望….辨. rel.o.强调凭借经验判断是否可以相信或依赖, 侧重于从人品、感情方面的依赖、信赖. depen.o.强调从这个人或这件事中很可能得到支持或帮助。
外研版高中英语必修四的知识点
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新教材外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册各单元重点语法归纳总结
外研版选择性必修第四册全册重点语法汇总Unit 1 Looking forwards .................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2 Lessons in life ......................................................................... - 4 - Unit 3 The world meets China .......................................................... - 7 - Unit 4 Everyday economics ............................................................. - 10 - Unit 5 Into the unknown ................................................................. - 14 - Unit 6 Space and beyond ................................................................ - 16 -Unit 1 Looking forwards动词时态根据新课标的要求，高中阶段需要掌握的10种时态是：一般过去时、过去将来时、一般现在时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时。
一、一般过去时、过去将来时、一般现在时、一般将来时[观察例句]1．She told us yesterday that she would not go with us if it rained.2．He will be twenty next month.3．We have meals three times a day.4．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.[归纳用法]1．一般过去时：(1)表示过去某时间的动作或状态；(2)在时间及条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
外研版必修四重点短语
====Word 行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删====源-于-网-络-收-集 1. 在…的边缘 at the edge of/ on the edge of2. 被…所包围 be surrounded with/by3. 充满了承载着 be heavy with4. 在远处 in the distance5. 至少，起码 at (the) least not in the least/ last but not least6.注定要做某事 be to do sth.7. 敲竹杠，敲诈 rip off8. 从…中得到乐趣 get a kick out of/from9. 迂回，绕道 make a detour10. 休假四天 have four days off11. 做…生意 trade in12. 当场 on the spot/scene13. 经历，遭受 suffer from14.在长江的入海口 at the mouth of the Yangtze River15.为 拍照 take a photo of16.在一个晴朗的下午on a beautiful/clear/fine afternoon17.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. to do/forbid sb. from doing……才 only if19.花时间做某事 Spend time (in) doing sth.20.死里逃生 narrowly escape death/surviveforbid sthdoing sth.sb to do sthsb. from doingsurround sb/sth with sb/ sthbe surrounded with/ by surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境学校禁止抽烟，因此老师不允许我们抽烟。
Our schoolforbids/ bans smoking , so the teacers forbid/ ban us from smoking/forbid us to smoke.(1) 海变窄形成海峡The sea narrows into straits.(2) 这位学者的兴趣局限于唐诗。
外研高中英语必修四Module4 短语汇编
Key words and expressions in Module 4 Book 41 figure out 计算出，解决，领会，理解2 bring up 培养，培育bring about 引起，致使bring back 回忆，归还，还原bring down 使落下，使倒下，降低bring forward 提出bring in 产生（利润），赚入，引进bring on 导致，帮助进步3 the key to ...的关键 a key post 主要职位a key point 要点 a key figure 关键人物4 make / carry out / do / perform / try an experiment on / up on / with 做..的实验，对...做实验be proved by experiment 实验证明5 break through 突破，突围，中跨，打破break down 使崩塌，毁坏，精神崩溃，失效6 break in 强行/非法进入，大段对话break out 猛地爆发break up 把...分成碎片，分开7 give / land support to 支持，支援in support of 支持，支援，拥护win one's support 赢得某人支持8 as a result of 由于9 a large quantity of 大量的10 refer to 指的是...，提及，参考refer to ..as 把..称作11 be known as 被称作、被认为be known for 意为“因……而著名”：be known to意为“为……所知”：.12 be diagnose at/ with 被诊断为...，有...13 rise by 上升了14 in the 1990's 20世纪90年代15 cash corps 经济作物16 in the area of 在... 的领域17 earn one's living 谋生18 come to power 掌权，执政beyond / out of power 不能胜任be in power 执政take / seize power 掌握/夺取政权have sb in one's power 控制住某人lose power 失去政权19 be at war with 和... 处于战争之中20 be attached to 被绑到21 in a straight direction 朝径直的方向22 replace =take the place of 取代，代替23 transform sth into sth 把...改造成24 diagnose sb with sth 诊断某人患有diagnose sth as sth 诊断...为...25 in brief 简言之1。
外研版高一英语必修4_Module1_单元知识点总结
单元知识点总结alternative adj.替换的；供选择的n . 可能性【巧记提示】alter（改变）+native（本土的），改变本土的。
【经典例句】The alternative means of getting there is by ship.另一种到达那儿的方法就是乘船。
【考点聚焦】1）近义词：choice n.选择2）常用词组：have no alternative/choice but to do sth.除了做……之外别无选择prediction n. 预言；预告n.预测【巧记提示】pre（事先）+dict（命令）+ion(名词后缀)【经典例句】He likes making predictions.他喜欢预测。
【考点聚焦】1）同根词：predict v. 预测；predictor n. 进行预测或预报的人2）同义词：forecast n.预测3）常用词组：make a prediction或make predictions 作预测risky [r I sk I] adj.危险的;冒险的【巧记提示】risk（冒险）+y（形容词后缀）【经典例句】Sailing across the Atlantic alone is a risky thing.独自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒险的事。
【考点聚焦】1）同义词：dangerous adj. 危险的2）risk作动词时，后接名词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式。
3）常用词组：at one’s own risk自担风险(同意不要求赔偿损失、损害等)at the risk of(doing sth.) 冒(做某事)的危险resource n.资源【巧记提示】re-（再；又）+source（来源；出处）【经典例句】China is rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。
【考点聚焦】1）易混词：source n.来源；出处2）通常用其复数形式resources。
新教材外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册重点单词短语句型归纳总结
外研版选择性必修第四册重点单词短语句型归纳Unit 1 Looking forwards .................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2 Lessons in life ....................................................................... - 11 - Unit 3 The world meets China ........................................................ - 23 - Unit 4 Everyday economics ............................................................. - 33 - Unit 5 Into the unknown ................................................................. - 45 - Unit 6 Space and beyond ................................................................ - 56 -Unit 1 Looking forwardsWords and Phrases知识要点1comfortably ad v.舒适地[教材P2]One moment，we are lying comfortably in bed，about to fall into a deep sleep.某一刻，我们舒舒服服地躺在床上，快要睡着了。
[例1]He was comfortably seated in a soft chair.他舒舒服服地坐在柔软椅子上。
外研版高一英语下学期必修4重点短语词组总结Module1-6
Module1-6 重点短语词组 Key Phrases in Each ModuleModule1 Life in the Future（1）for sure (= for certain) 肯定地，确切地（2）run out 用完，耗尽（不及物，主语是物）run out of 用完，耗尽（及物动词短语，后接宾语，主语是人）use up 用完，耗尽（人为主语，物为宾语）give out 耗完，用尽，筋疲力尽（不及物短语）wear out 耗尽，磨损（主语可人可物）（3）rely on/upon 依靠，依赖，指望（=depend on/upon）rely/depend on (upon) sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事rely/depend on/upon (one’s ) doing 依赖/依靠（某人）某事（4）carry out 进行，开展，执行，完成carry on 继续carry forward 发扬；推进carry in 携带；输入（5）have no alternative but to do 除做……外别无选择（6）be faced with 面临face to face 面对面in the face of 面对……；不顾……lose face 丢脸make a face/faces 做鬼脸（7）risk doing sth. 冒险做某事at risk 处境危险，遭受危险at all risks (=at any risk )无论冒什么危险；无论如何at the risk of 冒……之险，不顾……之风险run /take a risk(s) of doing sth.冒险做某事（8）limit sb. to (doing) sth. 限制某人(做)某事without limit 无限制地（9）free of charge 免费charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事takes charge of / be in charge of 负责，管理be in the charge of sb. 由某人负责/掌管，受某人管理（10）be attached to…附属于……；依恋于……attach importance /significance to sth. 认为某事很重要（11）in command 领导in command of 指挥，掌控under the command of 在……指挥下at command 可以自由使用；掌握at one’s command 听从某人命令take command of 指挥；开始控制（12）get rid of 除掉，处理掉（13）arrest sb. for 因……而逮捕某人arrest one’s attention 引起注意get arrested 遭逮捕（14）look out 小心，当心look forward to 期望，盼望（15）in the end 最后at last 最后，终于（16）for a start 首先（17）on the way out 即将被淘汰/过时on one’s/the way to 在（某人去）……的路上all the way 一路上，始终in a way 在某种程度上，有点儿by the way 顺便No way 没门儿（18）too…to do sth. 太……而不能做某事Module2 Traffic Jam （1）be connected to/with 与……有联系/关系have connection with 与……有联系/关系in connection with 与……有关；关于（2）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（物作主语，一般用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义）be worthy of being done/ to be done 某事值得被做It is worthwhile to do sth. 做某事非常有价值（3）in no time 立刻；马上；一会儿in time 及时；最后，终于on time 按时，准时at a time 一次；同时at one time = once 一度；曾经at the same time 同时at any time 在任何时候at no time 在任何时候都不all the time 始终of all time 有史以来，一直，始终ahead of time 提前from time to time 偶尔，有时take one’s time 从容不迫as time goes on 随着时间的推移as time goes by 随着时间的流逝（多用一般过去时as time went by）（4）under construction 在建设之中under repair 在修理中under investigation 在调查中under discussion 在讨论中（5）be/get stuck in 被困在（6）permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事with one’s permission 经某人许可without permission 未经许可（7）provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for /to sb. 为某人提供某物provided/providing (that) conj.假若，倘使provide against sth.预防某事（物）provide for 供养，供给，为……做准备supply sb. with sth; supply sth. to/for sb.offer sb. sth.; offer sth. to sb.（8）be of service 有用，能帮忙do sb. a service = do sb. a favor 帮某人的忙（9）be in a good/bad mood 情绪好/坏be in mood for/to do something 有做某事的兴致，想(或有意)做某事（10）get around 四处走动（11）It’s convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事（12）switch off 关闭（灯、电视等），断掉（电源）switch on 打开（灯等）switch over 转变，转换（13）keep cool 保持冷静（14）react to……回应，对……产生反应react against 反对，反抗react on each other 相互起作用（15）not only…but（also）…不但……而且……Module3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication （1）hold up 举起，提出，支持住，保持，阻挡，延误hold back 阻止，隐瞒，抑制hold off 保持距离；不接近，hold out 伸出，提供，坚持，维持catch hold of 抓住hold a meeting/conference 举行会议hold the same view 持有同样的观点hold/hang on 不挂断，坚持hold/hang on to 抓住不放，不卖hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸（2）give away 暴露（自己的情况）；泄漏；赠送；颁发give out 分发；公布；用尽，精疲力竭give off 发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等）give back 归还；反射give in 让步，屈服give up 放弃（3）on guard 守卫，防守，警戒keep guard 站岗，放哨off guard 不警惕；不备stand guard 站岗，放哨guard against 提防，预防（4）be in competition with 与……竞争；对抗（5）be in communication with 与……通讯，与……保持联系（6）be conscious of 意识到，清楚地知道lose one’s consciousness 失去意识raise one’s consciousness 提高某人的意识（7） a great/wide variety of 各种各样的（后跟可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后跟不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数）varieties of 多种多样的（后跟可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数）the variety of ……的品种/种类（后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数）vary in…在……方面不同vary with…随着……变化vary from…to…从……到……变化（8）deal with 处理，涉及deal in 经营，买卖make a deal with sb. 与某人达成一笔交易It’s a deal. （口语）成交！（就这么办吧！）call it a deal（俚语）一言为定a good/great deal of 大量，很多（9）involve sb. in sth. 把某人牵扯到某事里面involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人参与做某事be/get involved in doing sth. 一心一意做某事（10）stare at 盯着，凝视stare…into…stare out of…瞪着某人使其做出某种反应盯着外边（11）in one’s favour 受某人喜爱的，对某人有利的in favour of 支持，赞同do sb. a favour 给某人帮忙（12）lift up 举起（13）up and down 上上下下，前前后后，到处come and go 来来往往day and night 日日夜夜here and there 到处hide and seek 捉迷藏to and from 来来去去now and then 偶尔，有时，不时（14）by accident 偶然地（15）say hello to 向……问好（16）switch on 打开（灯、无线电等）switch off 关掉（灯、无线电等），切断（电源）（17）every time/each time 每次（引导时间状语从句）（18）be busy doing sth./be busy with sth. 忙着做某事Module4 Great Scientists （1）bring up 抚养，养育，呕吐，提出bring about 引起；[航]使掉头bring in 引进；生产；增加bring out 出版，生产；使显示bring down 降低；打倒（2）the key to doing sth. 做某事的关键（3）search for 寻找search sb. for sth. 为某物而对某人进行搜身search a place for sth. 为某物而搜索某地（4）as a result of 由于……的原因as a result 结果result in 导致result from 起因于（5）earn one’s living/make one’s living/make a living/get a living/gain a living 谋生（6）come to/into power （开始）掌权，上台be in/within one’s power (to do sth.) 力所能及（去做某事）in power 当权的，掌权的in one’s power 尽力beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及power off 关机，停车，停电（7）lead to 导致，造成take the lead 领先，带头lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事lead sb. around…领某人参观……（8）figure in 包括；计算在内figure on 计划；指望figure out 理解；弄明白（9）in support 后备，准备给予支援in support of sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事物come to sb’s support 援助某人support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过（做）某事支持某人（10）convert sth. from sth. （to/into）将某物转变为某物（改变某事物的形状或用途）convert to/into sth. 转变成某物（11）in place of 替代take the place of sb. 代替某人，取代某人take one’s place 替代某人take place 发生（有计划地）（12） a large/small quantity of sth. 大量的/少量的事物（谓语动词用单数）quantities of 大量的（谓语动词用复数）in large/small quantities 大/少量（13）escape (doing) sth. 逃脱（做）某事escape from /out of +sp. 从某地逃脱，逃走escape from reality 逃避现实（14）be known for 因……而出名be known as 作为……而出名be known to sb. 为某人所熟知as is known to all 众所周知know about 了解，知道……的情况know of 听说，知道（15）in brief 简而言之briefly speaking 简而言之to be brief 简单说（16）It is/was discovered that…我们发现（17）not every/each/all…表示部分否定Module5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges（1）be heavy with 充满；有大量的……（2）at least 至少；起码；无论如何，不管怎样at most 至多least of all 最不，尤其不in the least/in the least bit 一点儿，丝毫，极少not in the least（=not at all）一点也不last but not least 最后的但并不是最不重要的（3）rip sb. off 欺骗某人（尤指钱财）（off 是副词），敲竹杠，敲诈（4）get a kick out of = get one’s kick from 从……中获得乐趣kick out 撵走kick sth. off 踢开某物kick against 反对kick the habit of 克服……的习惯（5）go through 经历；经受；通过；从头到尾阅读；仔细检查；做完；发行（6）be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着；周围是……（7）trade with 从事贸易；和……做贸易；与……做生意（8）at a distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些at a distance of 在……远的地方keep…at a distance 与……保持一定距离；与……不很亲密（9）spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事on the spot 立即；当场be in a spot 处于困境（10）in one’s view 在某人看来from one’s point of view 依某人看来be on view/show 在展出in view of…由于……；鉴于……（11）at the edge of 在……的边缘（12）forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事（13）be to do sth. 按计划或者安排将要做某事Module6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World（1）die out（指家族、物种）死光，灭绝，绝迹；（习俗、做法）消失，过时die away （风、声音等）渐渐平息，消失die down 平息，熄灭die for 迫切需要die of（疾病，衰老等）/die from（事故等）…由于……而死die off 相继死亡be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事be dying of（doing）sth. 渴望（做）某物/某事（2）throw light on/upon 帮助弄清楚，提供线索，阐明某事come to light/be brought to light 为人所知，被披露出来see the light 突然理解；顿悟（3）come (straight) to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题beside/off the point 不切正题，无关紧要to the point 切题，中肯be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要/有必要（4）due to 由于，因为（5）stick out 伸出，突出；显得突出，显眼（6）be unlikely to …不可能……be likely to do …很可能……（7）attack sb. with sth. 用某物打/攻击某人（8）frighten sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事（9）claim to do sth.It is claimed that…声称/主张做某事据称……（10）adapt to 适应be adapted from 由……改编（11）keep/stay calm 保持冷静/镇定calm down 冷静，镇定（12）be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量be generous with/in（doing）sth. 做某事慷慨/大方的a generous lunch 一顿丰盛的午餐（13）make a fortune/make one’s fortune 发财，赚大钱tell one’s fortune 给人算命fortune-teller 算命先生（14）be of +n. （表示种类、数量、颜色等）：be of a different color 颜色不同come to light/be brought to light 为人所知，被披露出来see the light 突然理解；顿悟（3）come (straight) to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题beside/off the point 不切正题，无关紧要to the point 切题，中肯be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要/有必要（4）due to 由于，因为（5）stick out 伸出，突出；显得突出，显眼（6）be unlikely to …不可能……be likely to do …很可能……（7）attack sb. with sth. 用某物打/攻击某人（8）frighten sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事（9）claim to do sth.It is claimed that…声称/主张做某事据称……（10）adapt to 适应be adapted from 由……改编（11）keep/stay calm 保持冷静/镇定calm down 冷静，镇定（12）be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量be generous with/in（doing）sth. 做某事慷慨/大方的a generous lunch 一顿丰盛的午餐（13）make a fortune/make one’s fortune 发财，赚大钱tell one’s fortune 给人算命fortune-teller 算命先生（14）be of +n. （表示种类、数量、颜色等）：be of a different color 颜色不同come to light/be brought to light 为人所知，被披露出来see the light 突然理解；顿悟（3）come (straight) to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题beside/off the point 不切正题，无关紧要to the point 切题，中肯be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要/有必要（4）due to 由于，因为（5）stick out 伸出，突出；显得突出，显眼（6）be unlikely to …不可能……be likely to do …很可能……（7）attack sb. with sth. 用某物打/攻击某人（8）frighten sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事（9）claim to do sth.It is claimed that…声称/主张做某事据称……（10）adapt to 适应be adapted from 由……改编（11）keep/stay calm 保持冷静/镇定calm down 冷静，镇定（12）be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量be generous with/in（doing）sth. 做某事慷慨/大方的a generous lunch 一顿丰盛的午餐（13）make a fortune/make one’s fortune 发财，赚大钱tell one’s fortune 给人算命fortune-teller 算命先生（14）be of +n. （表示种类、数量、颜色等）：be of a different color 颜色不同。
外研版版高中英语必修四知识点归纳
外研版版高中英语必修四知识点归纳Module 1 Life in the FutureKey Phrases:1.Have no alternative but (= have no choice but)There is no other n available。
only if。
2.Alternative energyXXX.3.An alternative planA substitute plan.4.Load… with sth。
To put something onto something else.XXX: Load the truck with coal.5.Be on fireXXX (emphasizing the state).6.Catch fireTo ignite (emphasizing the n。
no passive voice).7.Set fire to sthXXX.8.XXX sb to do sthTo order someone to do something.mand that… (should + verb)To order that something should be done.10.Free of chargeWithout cost.11.In charge ofResponsible for。
in control of.12.In the charge ofXXX.13.XXXTo XXX or taking care of something.14.Be charged with…XXX.15.XXXTo fix or fasten something to something else.16.XXXTo join or be with.17.XXX…XXX。
XXX.18.XXXXXX.19.For sureDefinitely。
with certainty.20.Sb。
外研版高一英语必修4_Module4_Learning_about_Language_重难点词汇详解
Module 4 Learning about Language 重难点词汇详解1.case n.情况；事实教材原文In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist. 在斯蒂芬•霍金的例子中，我们了解到他是一位杰出的科学家。
经典例句①In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.如果在我回来之前他到了，请让他等着。
②In any case, I’ll come over to the office tomorrow.无论如何，我明天都会来办公室的。
③In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇火灾，即按警铃。
④In that case I won’t take the job.要是那样的话,我就不接受这份工作。
⑤It may snow so you’d better take an umbrella in case.可能下雪,所以你最好带把伞，以防万一。
2.brief adj.简短的;简洁的教材原文His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best-seller. 他的著作《时间简史》于1988年出版，直到现在还是一本畅销书。
经典例句①She had time to give a brief report.她有时间做一个简短的报告。
②In brief，it has been an exciting day.总之，这是激动人心的一天。
③To be brief, he was happy with the result.简言之，他对这个结果感到满意。
④Can you explain the rules of the game to me briefly ?你能简单地给我解释一下游戏规则吗？3.graduate vi.毕业教材原文He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University. 他于1942年出生于牛津，并且毕业于牛津大学。
外研版高一英语下学期必修4重点短语词组总结Module1-6
Module1-6重点短语词组Key Phrases in Each ModuleModule1 Life in the Future（1）for sure (= for certain) 肯定地，确切地（2）run out 用完，耗尽（不及物，主语是物）run out of用完，耗尽（及物动词短语，后接宾语，主语是人）use up 用完，耗尽（人为主语，物为宾语）give out 耗完，用尽，筋疲力尽（不及物短语）wear out耗尽，磨损（主语可人可物）（3）rely on/upon 依靠，依赖，指望（=depend on/upon）rely/depend on (upon) sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事rely/depend on/upon (one’s ) doing 依赖/依靠（某人）某事（4）carry out 进行，开展，执行，完成carry on 继续carry forward 发扬；推进carry in 携带；输入（5）have no alternative but to do 除做……外别无选择（6）be faced with 面临face to face面对面in the face of 面对……；不顾……lose face丢脸make a face/faces做鬼脸（7）risk doing sth. 冒险做某事at risk 处境危险，遭受危险at all risks (=at any risk )无论冒什么危险；无论如何at the risk of冒……之险，不顾……之风险run /take a risk(s) of doing sth.冒险做某事（8）limit sb. to (doing) sth. 限制某人(做)某事without limit 无限制地（9）free of charge 免费charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事takes charge of / be in charge of 负责，管理be in the charge of sb. 由某人负责/掌管，受某人管理（10）be attached to…附属于……；依恋于……attach importance /significance to sth. 认为某事很重要（11）in command 领导in command of 指挥，掌控under the command of 在……指挥下at command 可以自由使用；掌握at one’s command 听从某人命令take command of 指挥；开始控制（12）get rid of 除掉，处理掉（13）arrest sb. for 因……而逮捕某人arrest one’s attention 引起注意get arrested 遭逮捕（14）look out 小心，当心look forward to 期望，盼望（15）in the end 最后at last 最后，终于（16）for a start 首先（17）on the way out 即将被淘汰/过时on one’s/the way to 在（某人去）……的路上all the way 一路上，始终in a way 在某种程度上，有点儿by the way 顺便No way 没门儿（18）t oo…to do sth. 太……而不能做某事Module2 Traffic Jam （1）be connected to/with 与……有联系/关系have connection with 与……有联系/关系in connection with 与……有关；关于（2）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（物作主语，一般用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义）be worthy of being done/ to be done 某事值得被做It is worthwhile to do sth. 做某事非常有价值（3）in no time 立刻；马上；一会儿in time 及时；最后，终于on time 按时，准时at a time 一次；同时at one time = once 一度；曾经at the same time 同时at any time 在任何时候at no time 在任何时候都不all the time 始终of all time 有史以来，一直，始终ahead of time 提前from time to time 偶尔，有时t ake one’s time 从容不迫as time goes on 随着时间的推移as time goes by 随着时间的流逝（多用一般过去时as time went by）（4）under construction 在建设之中under repair 在修理中under investigation 在调查中under discussion 在讨论中（5）be/get stuck in 被困在（6）permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事with one’s permission 经某人许可without permission 未经许可（7）provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for /to sb. 为某人提供某物provided/providing (that) conj.假若，倘使provide against sth.预防某事（物）provide for 供养，供给，为……做准备supply sb. with sth; supply sth. to/for sb.offer sb. sth.; offer sth. to sb.（8）be of service 有用，能帮忙do sb. a service = do sb. a favor 帮某人的忙（9）be in a good/bad mood 情绪好/坏be in mood for/to do something 有做某事的兴致，想(或有意)做某事（10）get around 四处走动（11）It’s convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事（12）switch off 关闭（灯、电视等），断掉（电源）switch on 打开（灯等）switch over 转变，转换（13）keep cool 保持冷静（14）r eact to…… 回应，对……产生反应react against 反对，反抗react on each other 相互起作用（15）n ot only…but（also）… 不但……而且……Module3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication （1）hold up举起，提出，支持住，保持，阻挡，延误hold back 阻止，隐瞒，抑制hold off 保持距离；不接近，hold out 伸出，提供，坚持，维持catch hold of 抓住hold a meeting/conference 举行会议hold the same view 持有同样的观点hold/hang on 不挂断，坚持hold/hang on to 抓住不放，不卖h old one’s breath 屏住呼吸（2）give away 暴露（自己的情况）；泄漏；赠送；颁发give out 分发；公布；用尽，精疲力竭give off 发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等）give back归还；反射give in 让步，屈服give up 放弃（3）on guard 守卫，防守，警戒keep guard 站岗，放哨off guard 不警惕；不备stand guard 站岗，放哨guard against 提防，预防（4）be in competition with 与……竞争；对抗（5）be in communication with 与……通讯，与……保持联系（6）be conscious of 意识到，清楚地知道lose one’s consciousness 失去意识raise one’s consciousness 提高某人的意识（7） a great/wide variety of 各种各样的（后跟可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后跟不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数）varieties of 多种多样的（后跟可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数）t he variety of ……的品种/种类（后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数）v ary in… 在……方面不同v ary with… 随着……变化v ary from…to… 从……到……变化（8）deal with 处理，涉及deal in 经营，买卖make a deal with sb. 与某人达成一笔交易It’s a deal. （口语）成交！（就这么办吧！）call it a deal （俚语）一言为定a good/great deal of 大量，很多（9）involve sb. in sth. 把某人牵扯到某事里面involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人参与做某事be/get involved in doing sth. 一心一意做某事（10）stare at 盯着，凝视stare…into…瞪着某人使其做出某种反应stare out of…盯着外边（11）in one’s favour 受某人喜爱的，对某人有利的in favour of 支持，赞同do sb. a favour 给某人帮忙（12）lift up 举起（13）up and down 上上下下，前前后后，到处come and go 来来往往day and night 日日夜夜here and there 到处hide and seek 捉迷藏to and from 来来去去now and then 偶尔，有时，不时（14）by accident 偶然地（15）say hello to 向……问好（16）switch on 打开（灯、无线电等）switch off 关掉（灯、无线电等），切断（电源）（17）every time/each time 每次（引导时间状语从句）（18）be busy doing sth./be busy with sth. 忙着做某事Module4 Great Scientists （1）bring up 抚养，养育，呕吐，提出bring about 引起；[航]使掉头bring in 引进；生产；增加bring out 出版，生产；使显示bring down 降低；打倒（2）the key to doing sth. 做某事的关键（3）search for 寻找search sb. for sth. 为某物而对某人进行搜身search a place for sth. 为某物而搜索某地（4）as a result of 由于……的原因as a result 结果result in 导致result from 起因于（5）earn one’s living/make one’s living/make a living/get a living/gain a living 谋生（6）come to/into power （开始）掌权，上台be in/within one’s power (to do sth.) 力所能及（去做某事）in power 当权的，掌权的i n one’s power 尽力beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及power off 关机，停车，停电（7）lead to 导致，造成take the lead 领先，带头lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事lead sb. around…领某人参观……（8）figure in 包括；计算在内figure on计划；指望figure out理解；弄明白（9）in support 后备，准备给予支援in support of sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事物come to sb’s support 援助某人support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过（做）某事支持某人（10）convert sth. from sth. （to/into）将某物转变为某物（改变某事物的形状或用途）convert to/into sth. 转变成某物（11）in place of 替代take the place of sb. 代替某人，取代某人take one’s place替代某人take place 发生（有计划地）（12） a large/small quantity of sth. 大量的/少量的事物（谓语动词用单数）quantities of 大量的（谓语动词用复数）in large/small quantities 大/少量（13）escape (doing) sth. 逃脱（做）某事escape from /out of +sp. 从某地逃脱，逃走escape from reality 逃避现实（14）be known for 因……而出名be known as 作为……而出名be known to sb. 为某人所熟知as is known to all 众所周知know about 了解，知道……的情况know of 听说，知道（15）in brief 简而言之briefly speaking 简而言之to be brief 简单说（16）I t is/was discovered that… 我们发现（17）n ot every/each/all… 表示部分否定Module5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges （1）be heavy with 充满；有大量的……（2）at least 至少；起码；无论如何，不管怎样at most 至多least of all 最不，尤其不in the least/in the least bit 一点儿，丝毫，极少not in the least（=not at all）一点也不last but not least 最后的但并不是最不重要的（3）rip sb. off 欺骗某人（尤指钱财）（off 是副词），敲竹杠，敲诈（4）get a kick out of = get one’s kick from 从……中获得乐趣kick out撵走kick sth. off 踢开某物kick against反对kick the habit of克服……的习惯（5）go through 经历；经受；通过；从头到尾阅读；仔细检查；做完；发行（6）be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着；周围是……（7）trade with从事贸易；和……做贸易；与……做生意（8）at a distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些at a distance of 在……远的地方keep…at a distance 与……保持一定距离；与……不很亲密（9）spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事on the spot 立即；当场be in a spot 处于困境（10）in one’s view 在某人看来from one’s point of view 依某人看来be on view/show 在展出in view of…由于……；鉴于……（11）at the edge of 在……的边缘（12）forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事（13）be to do sth. 按计划或者安排将要做某事Module6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World （1）die out（指家族、物种）死光，灭绝，绝迹；（习俗、做法）消失，过时die away （风、声音等）渐渐平息，消失die down 平息，熄灭die for 迫切需要die of（疾病，衰老等）/die from（事故等）…由于……而死die off 相继死亡be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事be dying of（doing）sth. 渴望（做）某物/某事（2）throw light on/upon 帮助弄清楚，提供线索，阐明某事come to light/be brought to light 为人所知，被披露出来see the light突然理解；顿悟（3）come (straight) to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题beside/off the point 不切正题，无关紧要to the point 切题，中肯be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要/有必要（4）due to 由于，因为（5）stick out 伸出，突出；显得突出，显眼（6）be unlikely to …不可能……be likely to do …很可能……（7）attack sb. with sth. 用某物打/攻击某人（8）frighten sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事（9）claim to do sth. 声称/主张做某事It is claimed that…据称……（10）adapt to 适应be adapted from 由……改编（11）keep/stay calm 保持冷静/镇定calm down 冷静，镇定（12）be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量be generous with/in（doing）sth. 做某事慷慨/大方的a generous lunch 一顿丰盛的午餐（13）make a fortune/make one’s fortune发财，赚大钱tell one’s fortune 给人算命fortune-teller 算命先生（14）be of +n. （表示种类、数量、颜色等）：be of a different color 颜色不同。
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精品文档Module 1..Book 41.have no alternative but (=have nochoice but)除……外别无选择; 只要……2.alternative energy 可代替能源3.an alternative plan 替代方案4.load … with sth. 给… 装某物load the truck with coal给汽车装煤5.be on fire 着火(强调状态)catch fire失火(强调动作,无被动语态) set fire to sth 放火烧某物mand sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that…(that从句中要用should+动词原形, should可省略) 7.free of charge 免费,不花钱in charge of 负责，管理in the charge of 由…负责take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾be charged with… 充满8.attach sth to sth把某物固定/附在某物上attach oneself to参加;和…在一起,缠着be attached to…连在…上; 附属于….;系在……上attach importance/value to sth.认为某事很重要/有价值9.for sure 肯定地,有把握地sb. is sure to do sth某人一定/肯定做某事be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……make sure of /about sth 确保……make sure + that-clause 确保10.sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西sth. run out某物用完了(没有了) 11.rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于rely on it that…指望…..,对……不怀疑12.get rid of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭13.with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态)④with+宾语+副词⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)⑥with+宾语+介词短语14.place an order 订购15.carry out an operation 做手术16.be optimistic about…对……乐观的be optimistic that… 对…..乐观17.in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形out of shape 变形,走样18.look out of 向……外看look out！小心，当心Watch out! ;Be careful!Take care!19.for a start 首先to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一from the start = from the beginning从开头, 从开始20.on the way out即将被淘汰; 即将过时on the way n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,接近21.can’t…too或never…too“不可能太….”,“再怎么….也不过分”22.Not all…=All…not…并非所有的Module 21.be on display 展览be on showbe on exhibition2.permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事3.provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物provide sth for sb4.sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响sb be impressed byimpress sth on sb 某人铭记= impress sb with sthsth is impressed on one’s mind某事被印在脑海里have/leave/make/ a …impression onsb 给某人留下…的印象5.be convenient to sb 对某人方便It is convenient for sb 对某人方便It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便be convenient for sth 对某事方便6.get around=get about到处旅游;四处走动7.be connected to/with与…..相连, 接通8.be stuck in 困住,动不了9.get dressed 穿衣get washed 洗脸get lost 迷路get married 结婚get charged 充电get separated 被分散10.in no time 马上,一会儿on time 按时in time 及时once upon a time 从前at the same time 与此同时at one time 曾经, 一度,at no time 决不,在任何时候都不11.be worth doing 值得做…..be worth + n. = be worthy of + nsth. is worth doing = sth is worthyof being done= sth is worthy to be done12.“祈使句+ and +简单句”可以改为if条件句Think hard, and you’ll have an idea.“祈使句+ or +简单句”也可以改为if 条件句Listen to me, or you won’t understand.13.under construction 正在建设之中14.be limited to 局限于…..15.in rush hours 处于交通高峰期16.react to…对…产生反应react with sth.与某物起（化学）反应17.occur to sb(主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中,被想起,被想到It occurs to sb to do sth某人想到……It occurs to sb that18.have sth done 请别人做某事19.keep cool 保持冷静keep quiet 保持安静keep still 不动keep silent 保持沉默20.no way 肯定不, 没门儿（用于句首时，句子要倒装）Module 31.vary in…在……方面不同vary from…to…从…..到……变化vary with随着….而变化,因….而不同2.involve sb in…允许某人参与involve oneself in…积极参与……be/get involved in 被卷入到….之中3.more than 不仅仅more than 100 = over 100 , 超过100 more than surprised 十分/非常吃惊more …than…与其说…不如说…(强调前者)He was more an artist than a writer.4.on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗5.on holiday 度假on leave 休班on duty 值班6.hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑hold back 阻挡hold on 等会儿, 坚持hold down 限制hold out 维持7.give away泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等) give out发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽8.mind reader 能看透别人心思的人9.make a deal 达成协议,做成交易municate with sb 和某人交流11.be busy with sth 忙于某事12.shake hands with sb 和某人握手13.stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物stare into the distance 凝视着远方14.request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事request that sb (should) d o…要求某人做某事make a request for…要求…..at the request of sb 应某人的请求= at sb’s requestby request(of) 按要求15.do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙in favour of 赞成do sb a favor = do a favor for sb帮某人的忙16.lift up 举起;太高;吊起17.①up and down 上上下下②up and down 前前后后= back and forth= backwards and forwards③up and down 处处= here and there④up and down 来来往往= to and from18.by accident 偶然地,无意地Module 41.experiment with sth. 用某物实验experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验carry outperformconduct an experiment做实验domake2.make a breakthrough取得重大突破(进展)3.convert A into/to B 把A转换成B4.take the place of = replace 取代,代替in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语) 5. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数6.bring up抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等) bring down 降低bring about 导致,引起bring back 归还;恢复;回想bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入7.search for 寻找search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地in search of 寻求/寻找……8.as a result of 由于…..的结果as a result 因此,结果9.owing tothanks to 由于…due tobecause of10.the ke y to… 的关键the answer to the question问题的答案notes to the text 课文注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to the building大厦的入口11.export sth to 出口某物到……12.the second most important第二重要的13.be interested in…对……感兴趣14.graduate from…. 从…..(地方)毕业15.escape from (out of)+sp.从某地逃脱;逃走escape from reality 逃避现实have a narrow escape 九死一生a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门16.clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾17.be known for 因…..而出名/闻名be known as 以……而知名,著称be known to 为……所知18.earn one’s living 谋生= make a livingget/gain a living 谋生live/lead a…life 过着…..的生活e to power 掌权;执政take power 取得政权in power 当权,执政out of one’s power不能胜任,力所不及= beyond one’s power20.It is possible that…. 可能……21.It’s certain that...一定…….=sb/sth is certain to doIt’s certain that you’ll succeed. = ? 22.It’s likely that……可能…..=sb/sth is likely to doIt’s likely that he is doing his homework.23.It seems that 好像……=sb/sth seems to doIt seems that he knows the secret. =?35. at war 在交战中36. be diagnosed with被诊断出…, 患有…37. become the voice of成为…的代言人38. partly because of 一部分因为Module 51.surround sb with sth用某物包围某人be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围in the surrounding 在周围环境2. a narrow escape 九死一生3.in the distance 在远处,在远方from a distance 从一定距离,从远处at a distance在一定距离处,隔一段距离keep sb at a distance对某人冷淡; 与某人保持距离4.at the edge of在……的边缘（侧重于在边点上）on the edge of在…边缘上（侧重在边缘较阔的地域）5.at least = at the least 至少not in the least = not all 一点也不at most = at the most 至多6.be heavy with 有大量的7.make a detour 绕道而行8.have four weeks off 休四周假9.go through 穿过;经历10.forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth 禁止做某事11.require to do sth 要求去做某事require sb to do sth要求某人去做某事require that sb (should) do sth要求某人做某事sth require doing 某物需要被做= sth require to be done12.on a spot 在现场,当场13.rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈14.rip sth off 偷窃,盗取15.get a kick out of 从……中得到乐趣16.enjoy doing 喜欢干…..17.be fond of 喜欢…..18.go in for 爱好,从事Module 6 1.attack sb with sth 用某物攻击某人be attacked with a disease 患/害病make an attack on/upon对…发动攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发e into existence开始存在;形成;成立a struggle for existence 生存竞争3.calm down (使)安静下来4.sb. is unlikely to…某人不可能5.It is unlikely that…不可能……be likely to... 可能……6.be related to与…有关,与…有联系relate sth to sth把…..与……联系起来7.There happens to be…碰巧有……8.There appears to be…似乎有……9.There seems to be…好像有10.have the fortune (luck) to do sth幸好(幸运)做某事make a fortune 发财try one’s fortune 碰碰运气11.die out(家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失火)逐渐熄灭12.throw light on帮助弄清楚;阐明某事come to light暴露,被发现,表现出来bring to light 让人知道,公布于世e straight to the point谈正题;开门见山beside/off the point不切正题,无关紧要to the point 切题,中肯be on the point of 正要14.go for 适用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱15.adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……16.according to 根据17.be connected with 与…..有关系18.in order to = so as to 为了本模块重点语法一．情态动词+ have + p.p. 用法归纳1.must have done sth. 肯定做了某事(表示对过去的某事做出肯定的判断) He knew the film. He must have seen it.2.may/might have done可能/大概已经做了某事（表示对过去情况的可能性推测）Tom may have bought a new pen because I don’t see the old one..3.can’t/ couldn’t have done sth.不可能已经做了某事（表示对过去情况的否定性推测）The ground is dry, so it can’t have rained last night.4.should have done sth.过去应该做某事（而没做）= ought to have done sth You are late. You should have come 1 minute earlier.5.shouldn’t have done sth.过去不该做某事（却做了）= oughtn’t to have done sth.She is crying. You shouldn’t have tol d her the sad news.6.could have done sth.本来能够做（却没有做某事）7.needn’t have done sth.原来不必做某事（却已经做了）Tom has bought a new pen. You needn’thave lent him your pen.8. would rather have done sth. 本来想做某事（却未做成）I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.二、情态动词表推测的其他用法1、情态动词+ 动词原形表示对现在或将来情况的推测2、情态动词+ be doing表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测3、情态动词+ have been doing表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测。