第1讲 动词的时态语态及主谓一致 讲义

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第1讲动词的时态、语态及主谓一致

•技法1：基本定义需记牢

•高考语法填空对时态的考查多为基本定义的考查，因此掌握高考考试说明中规定的时态的基本用法对解题非常重要

•(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and______________ (be) too violent for use at the table.

•[解题思路]

•①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语

•②根据从句中的would及连词and判断→谓语动词表示过去→联想表示过去的时态的基本定义•尝试解答：_were___

•①(2016·北京高考改编)I _have read__ (read) half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.•②(2016·北京高考改编)Jack _was working_ (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.

•③Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _had left_ (leave)my book in the cafe.

•④The best information about hotels usually _comes(come)from friends who have been there.

•技法2：时间状语要明了

•在高考语法填空中，有时会直接给出时间标志，考生可以根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。

•[解题思路]

•①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语

•根据时间状语after two and a half years判断→表示过去的情况

•尝试解答：_drove__

•[技法解读]牢记各种时态常用标志词

•①看到always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month...)，once a week(day，year，month...)，on Sundays等时间状语，想到一般现在时；

•②看到yesterday，last＋时间(如1ast＋week，month. year，Monday等)，in＋过去的年份，时间＋ago(如a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago等)，before，the age of，the other day，once upon a time，时间段＋later

等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；

•③看到tomorrow，next day(week，month，year...)，soon，the day after tomorrow，in＋时间段(in two hours，in a few minutes等)，in the future等时间段，要想到用一般将来时；

•④看到now，at this time，at this moment，look，listen，at present，these days，this week等标志词，要想到用现在进行时；

•⑤看到for＋一段时间，since＋时间点，since＋时间段＋ago，ever since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，up to now，in/during/over the past/last＋一段时间，要想到用现在完成时；•⑥看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of＋过去时间点，要想到用过去完成时。

during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.

•②Once up on a time，there __was__ (be)a silly emperor who loved clothing more than anything else.•③At the moment，he is _writing__(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings.•④In the last few years，China _has made_ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.

•技法3：语境理解少不了

•高考对动词的考查更关注通过语境解题，因此学会判断上下文的语境信息很关键。•(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which ____(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.

•[解题思路]

•分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语

•根据主句时态strengthened判断→从句谓语表达过去发生的事情

•尝试解答：__was_

•[技法解读]

•句子没有明确的时间状语，考生需借助上下文语境，挖掘出隐含信息，弄清动作发生的时间以及顺序，才能得出答案。

•①(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969，the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It __was__(be)unimaginable that it could be ever cleaned up.

•②To my delight，I _was chosen_(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.•③I went to Ningxia and _stayed_(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.

•技法4：固定句式很重要

•固定句式在高考语法填空中占有一席之地，因此记牢它们对解题非常关键。•(2017·天津高考) I ____(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.•[解题思路]

•分析句子结构→使用固定结构“was/were doing...when...正在．.....就在这时突然．.....”。•根据固定结构判断→主句中时态应用过去进行时

•尝试解答：_was driving_

•解析：考查固定句型was/were doing...when...正在．.....就在这时突然．.....。句意：我正驾车开往伦敦，就在这时我突然发现自己走错了路。

•[技法解读]牢记几种固定句式

•①看到no sooner...than...或hardly...when...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；•②看到并列连词when，要想到与was/were doing连用；

•③看到It/This/That is＋序数词＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；

•④看到It/This/That was＋序数词＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时；

•⑤看到It/This is＋最高级十名词＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；

•⑥看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。

•①It's said that this is the first time the painting _has been showed__(show) to the public，which attracts many