(完整版)英语中的就近原则

英语中就近一致的原则

【就近原则】

也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.

①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

【就远原则】

谓语动词与前面主语一致

代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from;like

E.G：He rather than I is right.

Nobody but two students is in the classroom.

The teacher with his students is working in the fields. They have kept working for several hours. Nobody made them work for so long.

主谓一致

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important.

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The

League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

与后接名词或代词保持一致

1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。

Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由

more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

英语中,什么是就近原则?就近原则什么时候用?

就近一致原则（1）

连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but

Neither he nor they are wholly right. 他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。

Either he or I am right. 或者他对，或者我对。

就近一致原则（2）

副词here/ there

Here comes the bus. 瞧，公共汽车来了。

主谓一致：and

and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。

John and Mary are my friends. 约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。

and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。

Both rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国有种水稻也有种小麦。

and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。

Fish and chips is a popular supper here.

炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。（鱼和土豆片作为整体）

The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。（同一个人既是诗人又是作家)

I.在正式文体中：

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。