经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的效果
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经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的效果
目的探讨经尿道钬激光切除术与经尿道电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的临床效果及安全性。方法选择2014年2月~2016年2月南方医科大学深圳医院接受手术治疗的196例浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者,将其按手术方式分为两组,96例采用经尿道电切(TURBT组),100例采用经尿道钬激光切除(HOLRBT组)。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中失血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间、并发症发生情况及肿瘤复发情况。结果两组患者的手术时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HOLRBT组患者术中失血量[(26.3±4.2)ml]显著少于TURBT组[(32.2±5.2)ml](P<0.05),膀胱冲洗时间[(25.2±7.4)min)]及尿管留置时间[(21.5±5.8)h)]明显短于TURBT组[(32.2±6.4)min、(34.3±8.2)h],术后并发症发生率(1.0%)明显低于TURBT组(18.8%)(P<0.05)。HOLRBT 组患者的复发率(12.0%)明显低TURBT组(22.9%)(P<0.05)。结论HOLRBT 治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的效果显著,损伤小,术后并发症少,复发率低,值得临床广泛推广应用。
[關键词]膀胱肿瘤;经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术;经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurethral holmium laser resection of bladder tumor and transurethral resection of bladder tumor treating superficial bladder tumor.Methods 196 patients with superficial bladder tumor who underwent surgical treatment in Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 2014 to February 2016 were selected and they were divided into the two groups according to the operation mode,96 cases were treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT group),and 100 cases were treated with transurethral holmium laser resection of bladder tumor (HOLRBT group).The operative time,hospitalization time,the blood loss during operation,bladder irrigation time,catheter indwelling time,complication and tumor recurrence were compared between the two groups.Results Two groups of patients with operation time and hospitalization time were no significant difference (P>0.05),the HOLRBT group of patients in the amount of blood loss during operation was significantly less than the TURBT group (P<0.05),bladder irrigation time and catheter indwelling time were significantly shorter than the TURBT group (P<0.05).The amount of blood loss during operation [(26.3±4.2)ml] in patients of the HOLRBT group was significantly less than the TURBT group [(32.2±5.2)ml] (P<0.05),bladder irrigation time [(25.2±7.4)min)]and catheter indwelling time [(21.5±5.8)h)] were significantly shorter than those of the TURBT group [(32.2±6.4)min,(34.3±8.2)h] (P<0.05).The incidence of complication in the HOLRBT group (1.0%)was significantly less than that in the TURBT group (18.8%)(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the HOLRBT group (12.0%)was significantly lower than that in the TURBT group (22.9%)(P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of HOLRBT treating superficial bladder tumor is significant with less damage,less complications,lower recurrence rate,and it is worthy of wide promotion and
application in clinic.[Key words]Bladder tumor;Transurethral holmium laser resection of bladder tumor;Transurethral resection of bladder tumor
膀胱肿瘤是泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中发病率最高的疾病,其中,浅表性膀胱肿瘤最为常见[1]。研究显示,在男性泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中,浅表性膀胱肿瘤的发病率和死亡率位居首位,严重威胁人类的健康[2]。浅表性膀胱肿瘤的生物学特性主要表现为局部组织浸润、频繁复发及远期的远处转移。目前浅表性膀胱肿瘤的治疗方式多样,各有利弊,如何选择安全有效的治疗方式是临床工作中需要重点关注的问题。经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术在治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤中具有良好的治疗效果,但该方式存在并发症多,术后易出现复发等情况[3]。为探讨更安全有效的治疗方式,本研究采用经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗浅表膀胱肿瘤,效果显著,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
南方医科大学深圳医院于2014年2月~2016年2月共收治接受手术的196例浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者,经超声、電子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)及膀胱镜下活检确诊,本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署知情同意书。按手术方式分为TURBT组(96例)和HOLRBT组(100例)。TURBT组:男性患者58例,女性患者38例;年龄30~82岁,平均(63.4±4.9)岁;肿瘤直径0.5~4.1 cm,平均(2.2±0.7)cm;84例原发肿瘤,12例复发肿瘤,76例肿瘤单发,20例多发,16例肿瘤广基底,80例有蒂。HOLRBT组:男性患者64例,女性患者36例;年龄31~74岁,平均(52.6±5.5)岁;肿瘤直径0.4~4.2 cm,平均(2.2±0.6)cm;86例原发肿瘤,14例复发肿瘤,78例肿瘤单发,22例多发,14例广基底,86例肿瘤有蒂。两组的一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2治疗方式
TURBT组患者采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(trans?鄄urethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗。患者取截石位,予以硬膜外麻醉,将奥林巴斯电切镜(广州启泽医疗科技有限公司,型号:A1931A)置入膀胱内,查看患者膀胱病变位置情况以及与膀胱颈部和输尿管开口之间的关系。切除前注入生理盐水令膀胱保持半充盈状态,从肿瘤组织表面开始进行切除,切至肌层,对肿瘤组织基底周围2 cm的正常组织进行电灼。整个操作过程保持电切镜电切功率为160 W,电凝功率为80 W[4]。
HOLRBT组患者采用经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除(Holmium laser resection of bladder tumor,HOLRBT)治疗。患者取截石位,予以硬膜外麻醉,经尿道置入电切镜,调整钬激光功率为20~40 W,频率为15~20 Hz,能量为1.5~2.5 J。对膀胱行持续灌注处理,结合水流冲击将肿瘤组织向上方掀起,操作者可以从内镜清楚辨别基底部组织情况,将肿瘤从基底部周围正常组织行扇形方式进行完整