conversion转译法

2. 形容词→名词 1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 2) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant --- but a little soft 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但有点软弱
3) The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. 克里姆林宫正在转向西方寻求资金和技术
4) “Coming!”. Away she skipped over the lawn, up the patch, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porth “来了”，她转身蹦蹦跳跳地离开了草地， 跑上了小路，跨上了台阶，穿过了阳台， 进了门廊
三、动词的转换

英语中有许多从名词派生而来或有名词转 用的动词, 它们大都难以直接译成汉语动词, 因而需要将其转换成名词后再译出, 同时往 往还需调整相关词语的词类和语序, 或适当 增词加以补充, 使译文更加完整, 通顺
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
四、形容词的转换
1. 形容词→动词 在英语中, 有许多形容词并不是用来修 饰主语, 而是与系动词组成谓语部分, 表示 各种意愿, 态度以及知觉,情感和欲望等心理 状态, 而且可以直接或通过介词连接宾语(从 句). 在翻译时, 通常应把此类形容词转换成 汉语动词 confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry …
8. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs 9. Up the street, they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building 10. We are quite sure that the socialist system will replace the capitalist system in the end 11. They were not content with their present achievements 12. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 13. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf
e.g. 1) Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部们吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑 洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作 2) The government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世
Basic Skill Four
Conversion 词类转换
技巧四
Hale Waihona Puke 词类转译法 （conversion）
一、名词的转换 二、介词的转换 三、动词的转换 四、形容词的转换 五、副词的转换
一、名词的转换
1. 名词→动词 (英语中名词用得较多, 而在 汉语中，动词的使用频率较高. 这是因为, 英语句子往往只有一个谓语动词, 而汉语 句子可以连用几个动词或动词词组.) e.g. 1) The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略
2. The audience laughed the speaker down. 听众用讪笑声把演讲者轰下台 3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签署了两个协定，目的是使他们的关 系热乎起来
2) They fell in love with each other at first sight 他俩一见钟情 3) She had high praise for Mr. Li. 她高度赞扬了李先生
4) Rockets have been found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用于探索宇宙了
5) Passing through the gorge, across the stream, and then up the mountain, they looked down from the top into the distance, an expanse of flat land lying before them. 他们穿过峡谷，跨过溪流，然后登上高山， 极目远眺，山下是一马平川。 6) After two years with a bad woman a good man becomes a bad man. 两年交坏女，好男也变坏。
5) She is a well-known singer. 她是个著名的歌手 Some of my classmates are good singers 我的一些同学歌唱得很好
2. 名词→形容词 (一部分有形容词派生的英语 名词有时也需还原,即转换成汉语的形容词.) e.g. 1）We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People 在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢 迎仪式，给我们留下了十分深刻的印象
14. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem 15. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment 16. I suppose boys think differently from girls. 17. He had the kindness to show me the way 18. I had the fortune to meet him 19. With the unemployment high, the dollar low, and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the president’s sternest trial. 20. Beggars can’t be choosers.
1）They were suspicious and resentful of him 他们怀疑他，憎恨他 2）They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能救他的命 3）The Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours. 比起要我们的命，纳粹士兵更关心救他们自己的 命
3. 名词→副词
e.g. I have the honour to inform you that your application has been accepted. 我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被接受

二、介词的转换 (介词→动词)
英语介词无论在其本身的数量上, 还是 在使用范围与频度上都远远超过汉语介词. 在许多情况下，我们可以采用多种方法来 弥补这些差异: 对于可以直接保留下来的 介词, 直译是最便捷的做法; 对于一些只 起连接作用的介词，译成汉语时往往可以 省略; 至于同动词搭配成动词词组或自身 含有动作意味的介词, 则可以将其转换成 汉语中使用范围和频度很高的动词或动词 词组.
2. 副词→名词 1）He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康
2）The paper said editorially that China has successfully survived a worldwide financial crisis 该报社论说，中国成功地经受住了一场波及 全球的金融危机
2）We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy 我们深信这个政策是正确的 3）Both sides agree that the meeting was a success. 双方都认为这是一次成功的会谈
4）Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的
五、副词的转换
1. 副词→动词 1）The manager will be back in about an hour. 经理大约在一小时后回来 2）When the crops are in, they start autumn sowing. 庄稼收完后，他们开始秋种 3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子 4）She opened the window to let fresh air in 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来
3. 副词→形容词 The president had prepared meticulously for his journey 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备
Assignments
1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 2. I’m afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my brother is a better techer than I. 3. The garden-party is a great success 4. They strive for a lower birth rate. 5. We sang the old year out and the new year in 6. The meeting is two days away. 7. The daffodils are out.