conversion转译法
合集下载
转性译法
• Carlisle street runs westwards, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-storide homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. 卡列斯尔大街向西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬 下山冈又爬上山冈，经过许多小铺和肉市，经过 一些平房，然后突然对着一大片绿色草坪终止了。 It is clear that numerical control is the operation of machine tools by numbers. 很清楚，数控就是机床采用数字操纵
• They were quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他们十分满意试验中获得的数据。 I would be so grateful if you could do it. 如果你能这样做，我将十分感激。 ②．表示动作和状态以现在分词或过去分词形式 出现的形容词，也常常转译为动词。 We believe that Europe should and will be outward-looking. 我们认为，欧洲应该而且必将向外看。 英语形容词转译为名词 ①．英语中，有些表示事物特征的形容词作表语 时，往往转译为名词。 In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有较强的放射性。 。
• 英语代词的转换 英语中常常使用代词来替代上文中出现过的名词， 以避免重复，故代词使用较多；而中文则喜欢重 复，故名词较多。翻译时如果按原文的代词直接 译出，则译文读起来翻译腔十足，有时还会指代 不清、造成歧义。可根据中文的表达习惯，把英 文的代词转译成它所替代的名词。 英语形容词的转换 • 英语形容词转译为动词。 ①．英语中只有动词可以直接作谓语，其他词性 的词在做谓语时，常常需要系动词的帮助才可以 构成谓语。因此，在翻译中一些表示知觉、情感、 欲望等心理状态或标识存在状态的形容词在与系 动词结构构成复合谓语时，可将形容词译成动词；
Conversion转译法学习课件
Usage
Different expression in English and Chinese For example: verbs He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
examples
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 The President had prepared meticulously for his journey. 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
Converted into nouns
Verbs derived from nouns Verb in the sentence of passive voice: can be translated into the structure such as “受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词” examples
Nouns---verbs
Nouns with –er: teacher, thinker Not refer to their professions or careers but have the meaning of action. examples
examples
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings. 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。 Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never be identified as anything other than “a White House official” or “a high Administration source.” 虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。
Different expression in English and Chinese For example: verbs He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
examples
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 The President had prepared meticulously for his journey. 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
Converted into nouns
Verbs derived from nouns Verb in the sentence of passive voice: can be translated into the structure such as “受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词” examples
Nouns---verbs
Nouns with –er: teacher, thinker Not refer to their professions or careers but have the meaning of action. examples
examples
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings. 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。 Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never be identified as anything other than “a White House official” or “a high Administration source.” 虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。
5_转译法
6. 副词转译成名词
It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方 宣布 ， 他们就给苏联的复信一事取 宣布， 得了一致的意见。 得了一致的意见。 The paper said editorially that Mcmillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence. 这家报纸的 社论 说 ， 麦克米兰公司在杜 勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。 勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。
Unit 6
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Conversion 转译法
词类转换，是翻译常用的一种变通手段， 词类转换，是翻译常用的一种变通手段， 是突破原文词、句格局， 是突破原文词、句格局，化阻滞通行文的重 要方法。许多生硬、别扭的欧化中文， 要方法。许多生硬、别扭的欧化中文，往往 都是没有进行词类转换的结果。 都是没有进行词类转换的结果。 理论上， 理论上，翻译时词类的转换是没有限制 一个名词在不同的上下文中， 的。一个名词在不同的上下文中，或在不同 的译者笔下，既可能译成动词， 的译者笔下，既可能译成动词，也可能译成 别的词类，其他词类的转换也无不如此。 别的词类，其他词类的转换也无不如此。
5.形容词转译成名词 5.形容词转译成名词
eloquent Stevenson was elegant------but soft.
and
史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。 但很软弱。 The new contract would be good for 5 years. 该新合同的有效期为五年。 该新合同的有效期为五年。 有效期为五年
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)
翻译转换法（亦称“转译”）转换法（conversion）所谓转换法（也称转译），是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用，以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段，是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局，化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化，当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.（一）词性转换一般说来，在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的，也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)
翻译转换法（亦称“转译”）转换法（conversion）所谓转换法（也称转译），是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用，以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段，是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局，化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化，当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.（一）词性转换一般说来，在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的，也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文：发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本，所以它 们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品，比如计算机、飞 机等等。
析： 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的， 另外，英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此，严格地说，是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩，使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文：他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区，此刻一片萧条景象。
析： 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”， 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
析： 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的， 另外，英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此，严格地说，是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩，使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文：他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区，此刻一片萧条景象。
析： 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”， 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
conversion的翻译技巧---精品资料
Nouns + a(n) used as predicatives
• He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer. • 他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。 • Independence thinking is an absolute necessity in study. • 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
动必须加以密切的观察。
Adj. ---nouns
• The + adj.: the sick病号, the poor穷人 the old, the infirm, the ill, the very young老、 弱、病、幼者。 • Others • examples
examples
• The Wilde family were religious. • 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。 • They are considered insincere. • 他们被认为是伪君子。
examples
• The buildings around are mostly of modern construction. • 附近的建筑物大部分是现代化的。
Other words
• Adj. & adv. • Nouns & adv.
Adj. & adv.
• When the noun is converted into verb, the adjective modifying the noun can be translated into adverb in Chinese. • Eg. • Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero. • 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们 不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。
Conversion词的转换译法
Conversion词的转换译法（1）大体可分为7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。
Converted into verb英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
1. Noun-->verb一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词1）Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
2）To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词1）Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。
2）The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。
3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
Practice1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。
2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。
转译法 Conversion
v
Carlisle Street runs westwards, across a great black bridges, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-stories homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
Omission&Conversion
Part-time waitress applicants who worked at a job would be given preference over those who had not,
业余服务员招牌，有工作经验者优先 『分析』：减译：“没经验的”；转译：被动转主动 They are doubtful whether he can afford it.
Amplification&Conversion
The so-called precious pearls have been found to be common stones. 已经发现，那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普通的石头。 『分析』：增译法：“竟然”；转译法：被动 转为 主动。
They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。 『分析』：增译：“被人”；转译：形容词转为名 词
转译法
Conversion
conversion
Parts
comparison
summary
转译法
在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上 的差异，就不能机械地按原文词类逐词翻译。 如果翻译时不进行此类转换，汉文译文读起来 可能就别扭，不符合汉语的表达法。因此，根 据汉语的表达习惯，需进行各种词类之间的转 换，以便使得汉语译文通顺达意。
英语翻译之词类转译法
再如: Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good. 原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译: Insulin is used in the treatment （治疗）of diabetes. The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
再如: Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good. 原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译: Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。 The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
单击此处可添加副标题
英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 如:The thought of fat meat makes me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。 A view of the village can be obtained from the tower. 从塔上可以看见这个村庄。 Tom looked his good-bye at the garden. 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。
1、英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到合适的动词，这时可以转译成名词。 例：The earth is shaped like a big ball. 地球的形状像个大球。 His speech impressed（使…印象深刻） the audience deeply. 他的演讲给听众的印象很深刻。 Socialist revolution aims （瞄准）at liberating the productive forces. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。
名词→ 转译成动词
再如: Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good. 原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译: Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。 The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
单击此处可添加副标题
英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 如:The thought of fat meat makes me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。 A view of the village can be obtained from the tower. 从塔上可以看见这个村庄。 Tom looked his good-bye at the garden. 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。
1、英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到合适的动词，这时可以转译成名词。 例：The earth is shaped like a big ball. 地球的形状像个大球。 His speech impressed（使…印象深刻） the audience deeply. 他的演讲给听众的印象很深刻。 Socialist revolution aims （瞄准）at liberating the productive forces. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。
词类转移法—conversion
Why conversion is necessary in translating work?
词类转译法是翻译中使用非常普遍的一种技 巧。由于英汉两种语言表达方式和习惯的丌 同 ，丌能在所有的情况下都用“一个萝卜一 个坑”的方法来逐词对译。在翻译过程中要想 做到既忠实原文意思，又符合汉语的表达习惯， 有些句子就丌能逐字翻译，而需要改变某些词 的原来的词性，才能使译文通顺流畅。
译法1：他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他怀疑 的巨大性。 译法2：他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他很大 的怀疑。
2.As he is a perfected stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
译法1：他是这个城市完全的陌生人，所以我希望你给他 必要的帮助 译法2：他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你给他必要 的帮助
What is
conversion?
The act or process of changing something from one form , purpose or system to a different one.
.
爆笑的填坑式翻译
1、how are you ? How old are you? 怎么是你，怎么老是你。 2、you me you me 彼此彼此
3、you give me stop 你给我站住
4、dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken,mouse’s son can make hole! 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞。
4.The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive force between is negligible. 这两个物体相聚如此之远，他们之间的引力 可以忽略不计。 5.The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions. 不管天气情况如何，气象站的工作始终正常 进行，不曾间断。 6.This credit card is especially popular with the travellers who needn't carry a large amount of cash. 旅游者特别喜欢这种信用卡，因为他们不用 携带大量现金
conversion转译法
e.g. 1) Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部们吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑 洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作 2) The government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世
五、副词的转换
1. 副词→动词 1）The manager will be back in about an hour. 经理大约在一小时后回来 2）When the crops are in, they start autumn sowing. 庄稼收完后，他们开始秋种 3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子 4）She opened the window to let fresh air in 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
2. The audience laughed the speaker down. 听众用讪笑声把演讲者轰下台 3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签署了两个协定，目的是使他们的关 系热乎起来
Conversion转性译法
There are 3 types of English nouns which can be turned into Chinese verbs in translation
A. Nouns derived from verbs: construction, application, appearance, etc.
1). 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器， 彻底销毁核武器。
All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.
2). The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
B. Nouns denoting actions: sight, thought, mention, etc.
1). A glance through my office window offers a panoramic view of the garden outside. 从我办公室的窗口往外看，窗外的花园可以一览遗 （尽收眼底）。
2). The sight of these pictures reminded him of the good old days spent on the campus. 一看到这些照片他就想起在校园内度过的美好时光。
C. Nouns formed by adding suffixes: er/or, visitor, actor, forgiver, etc.
9). A socially mature person gets along well with all types of people in all types of situations. He does not necessarily like or respect all people, but he is tolerant and understanding and does not intentionally hurt anyone’s feelings. 在社交方面成熟的人能在各个场合之下，与 三教九流的人相处得很好。他不一定要喜欢或
conversion译法
"转换"、"转变"、"变换"、"革新"都可以翻译为conversion。
下面我会对这几种译法进行详细解释并举例说明：1. "转换"：这是一个很通用的译法，通常用于表示将一种形式或状态转变为另一种形式或状态。
例如，我们可以说"将数据从一种格式转换为另一种格式"或者"将能源从一种形式转换为另一种形式"。
2. "转变"：这个译法通常用于表示重大的、根本性的变化。
它强调的是从一个极端到另一个极端的转变，例如从贫穷到富裕，从消极到积极等。
3. "变换"：这个译法强调的是在一定范围内或条件下的变化。
它可能是在同一性质或同一类别下的变化，例如在不同的季节或天气条件下，人们所穿的衣服会有所变换。
4. "革新"：这个译法通常用于表示通过创新或改进而实现的变化。
它可能涉及到技术、方法、流程等方面的改变，例如新的生产方法、新的管理理念等。
在具体的使用场景中，这些译法可能会有所不同。
例如，如果涉及到物理设备的转换，我们可能会选择使用"转换"或"革新"。
如果涉及到商业或技术的改变，我们可能会选择"转变"或"变换"。
但是这些译法并非绝对，具体情况还需要根据上下文和语境来判断。
除此之外，还有"转译"、"转业"、"转型"、"转向"等说法，都可以表示某种变化或转变，但具体含义可能会因语境而异，需要具体分析。
以上是对conversion的各种译法的解释和举例，希望对你有所帮助。
Conversion转性译法
5). Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation 各国社会制度的不同，不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。
6). Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products. 英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片长驱直 入。
1.Conversion to Chinese Verbs (转化为汉语动词）
(1). N. Converted into V.(名—动)
Nouns and noun forms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in forms are much preferred in Chinese.
转性译法—在翻译过程中，在保证原文意义不变的
前提下，根据语言的习惯进行词性转换，以确保 译文通顺流畅。
2. Types of Conversion
1). Parts of speech 2). Sentence elements
A. Conversion in E-C Translation I. Conversion of parts of speech 词类转换
1). His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
任何事情，他只要露面，就可大功告成。
2). Rockets have found wide application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经广泛用于探索宇宙
6). Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products. 英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片长驱直 入。
1.Conversion to Chinese Verbs (转化为汉语动词）
(1). N. Converted into V.(名—动)
Nouns and noun forms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in forms are much preferred in Chinese.
转性译法—在翻译过程中，在保证原文意义不变的
前提下，根据语言的习惯进行词性转换，以确保 译文通顺流畅。
2. Types of Conversion
1). Parts of speech 2). Sentence elements
A. Conversion in E-C Translation I. Conversion of parts of speech 词类转换
1). His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
任何事情，他只要露面，就可大功告成。
2). Rockets have found wide application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经广泛用于探索宇宙
转译法
转译法，或称Conversion，是翻译过程中的一种重要技巧。它指的是在一种语言中的某个词性方法的应用主要源于英语和汉语之间的表达差异。例如，在英语中可能使用动词来表达某个概念，而在汉语中，为了更流畅、更自然地表达，我们可能会选择将其转译为名词或其他词性的词。文中详细举例说明了这一点，如英语中的动词“admire”在汉语中可能被转译为名词形式的“钦佩”。此外，还通过多个实例展示了转译法的具体应用，包括如何将名词、介词、形容词和副词等转换为动词，以及如何将动词转换为名词等。这些实例不仅展示了转译法的灵活性，也突显了其在确保翻译准确性和流畅性方面的重要作用。
[法语学习]chpt41词类转译1
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• 他们之间的关系，有一个特点， 就是以礼相待。
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• To them, he personified the absolute power.
• 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化 身。
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② Adjectives into nouns 形容词转译成名词
• Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
• 你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些问题， 而认为应在其它场合解决。
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4.1.2 Conversion into nouns 转译成名词
① Verbs into nouns 动词转译成名词
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• Formality has always characterized their relationship.
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• The thought that she would be separated from her husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.
• 布郎太太一想到丈夫要踏上那漫长而危险的 旅途而自己又不能同行，（心里）不禁感到 难过。
• Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrongdoings．
• 和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅 者。
• 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了儿子过去做的错事。
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• To them, he personified the absolute power.
• 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化 身。
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② Adjectives into nouns 形容词转译成名词
• Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
• 你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些问题， 而认为应在其它场合解决。
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4.1.2 Conversion into nouns 转译成名词
① Verbs into nouns 动词转译成名词
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• Formality has always characterized their relationship.
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• The thought that she would be separated from her husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.
• 布郎太太一想到丈夫要踏上那漫长而危险的 旅途而自己又不能同行，（心里）不禁感到 难过。
• Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrongdoings．
• 和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅 者。
• 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了儿子过去做的错事。
英语翻译转换法
二、 句子成分转换
转换句子成分是使译文符合译语表达习惯的一 种手段，因为英汉两种语言句子转换有差异：英 语中名词用的频繁，经常出现主系表结构；而汉 语中动词、副词用得多，导致主+谓+宾成为基 本句型。 e.g The paper is the introduction of translation skills. 本文介绍了各种翻译技巧。
2.定语译为谓语
1.Each time he was the first man to arrive and the last to leave. 每次他总是第一个来，最后一个走。 2.Its limited thickness and youthful age are other discoveries. 它厚度有限，年代短，这是另外两个发现。
4.介词宾语译为主语
1.He is strong of will. 他的意志很坚强。 2.With the introduction of the new method,the products decreased in cost. 引进了新方法，产品的成本降低了。
二、转换为汉语谓语
1.主语译为谓语 The statement of the Commercial Invoice and the Combined Invoice is as follows. 商业发票和联合票可表述如下。
五）正面表达与反面表达转换
什么是正面表达？什么是反面表达？ 由于思维方式的不同，英语中有些从正面表 达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表达；而有 些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正 面来表达。因此，英译汉时常常有必要进行 转换。这就是通常所说的―正说反译、反说 正译‖法。
（一）英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达
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2. 形容词→名词 1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 2) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant --- but a little soft 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但有点软弱
3) The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. 克里姆林宫正在转向西方寻求资金和技术
4) “Coming!”. Away she skipped over the lawn, up the patch, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porth “来了”，她转身蹦蹦跳跳地离开了草地， 跑上了小路，跨上了台阶，穿过了阳台， 进了门廊
三、动词的转换
英语中有许多从名词派生而来或有名词转 用的动词, 它们大都难以直接译成汉语动词, 因而需要将其转换成名词后再译出, 同时往 往还需调整相关词语的词类和语序, 或适当 增词加以补充, 使译文更加完整, 通顺
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
四、形容词的转换
1. 形容词→动词 在英语中, 有许多形容词并不是用来修 饰主语, 而是与系动词组成谓语部分, 表示 各种意愿, 态度以及知觉,情感和欲望等心理 状态, 而且可以直接或通过介词连接宾语(从 句). 在翻译时, 通常应把此类形容词转换成 汉语动词 confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry …
8. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs 9. Up the street, they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building 10. We are quite sure that the socialist system will replace the capitalist system in the end 11. They were not content with their present achievements 12. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 13. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf
e.g. 1) Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部们吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑 洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作 2) The government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世
Basic Skill Four
Conversion 词类转换
技巧四
Hale Waihona Puke 词类转译法 （conversion）
一、名词的转换 二、介词的转换 三、动词的转换 四、形容词的转换 五、副词的转换
一、名词的转换
1. 名词→动词 (英语中名词用得较多, 而在 汉语中，动词的使用频率较高. 这是因为, 英语句子往往只有一个谓语动词, 而汉语 句子可以连用几个动词或动词词组.) e.g. 1) The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略
2. The audience laughed the speaker down. 听众用讪笑声把演讲者轰下台 3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签署了两个协定，目的是使他们的关 系热乎起来
2) They fell in love with each other at first sight 他俩一见钟情 3) She had high praise for Mr. Li. 她高度赞扬了李先生
4) Rockets have been found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用于探索宇宙了
5) Passing through the gorge, across the stream, and then up the mountain, they looked down from the top into the distance, an expanse of flat land lying before them. 他们穿过峡谷，跨过溪流，然后登上高山， 极目远眺，山下是一马平川。 6) After two years with a bad woman a good man becomes a bad man. 两年交坏女，好男也变坏。
5) She is a well-known singer. 她是个著名的歌手 Some of my classmates are good singers 我的一些同学歌唱得很好
2. 名词→形容词 (一部分有形容词派生的英语 名词有时也需还原,即转换成汉语的形容词.) e.g. 1）We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People 在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢 迎仪式，给我们留下了十分深刻的印象
14. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem 15. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment 16. I suppose boys think differently from girls. 17. He had the kindness to show me the way 18. I had the fortune to meet him 19. With the unemployment high, the dollar low, and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the president’s sternest trial. 20. Beggars can’t be choosers.
1）They were suspicious and resentful of him 他们怀疑他，憎恨他 2）They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能救他的命 3）The Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours. 比起要我们的命，纳粹士兵更关心救他们自己的 命
3. 名词→副词
e.g. I have the honour to inform you that your application has been accepted. 我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被接受
二、介词的转换 (介词→动词)
英语介词无论在其本身的数量上, 还是 在使用范围与频度上都远远超过汉语介词. 在许多情况下，我们可以采用多种方法来 弥补这些差异: 对于可以直接保留下来的 介词, 直译是最便捷的做法; 对于一些只 起连接作用的介词，译成汉语时往往可以 省略; 至于同动词搭配成动词词组或自身 含有动作意味的介词, 则可以将其转换成 汉语中使用范围和频度很高的动词或动词 词组.
2. 副词→名词 1）He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康
2）The paper said editorially that China has successfully survived a worldwide financial crisis 该报社论说，中国成功地经受住了一场波及 全球的金融危机
2）We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy 我们深信这个政策是正确的 3）Both sides agree that the meeting was a success. 双方都认为这是一次成功的会谈