新托福听力课讲义

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马骏新托福听力讲义

马骏新托福听力讲义——面带微笑，手拿尖刀听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径“别问，你就听吧！“NEW TOEFL 听力概况：2 Section,3 Passages/Section, 1 Long Dialog/Section, 2 Lectures/Section;5 Questions/Long Dialog,6 Questions/Lecture, 17 Questions/Section;10 Minutes/Section (Answer Time), 4 Minutes/Long Dialog, 6 Minutes/Lecture;NEW TOEFL 最常考的四大类听力材料：历史、生物、地球科学、天文学。

The Different Between NEW TOEFL and OLD TOEFL:A.内容变的丰满，加入了描述、解释性的语言；B.语速变的缓慢选择有用的信息空间↑↑编码——→存储——→提取↓↓语音识别能力时间★“码”与“存储”是基本听力实力；“编”是考试的能力★在你想要懂的时候，缺失了有效的信息NEW TOEFL Listening 基本听力实力：一、语音识别能力：A.易——语速问题；越听越劳累，越疲惫，越憔悴，越崩溃，越想拿刀插肋！B.多——单个单词熟形不熟音；耳朵——不识别或者不熟悉；背单词就是幻觉，背单词只是准备学英文，真正的学习英文是以句子为中心的；解决方法：跟读与模仿前提：A. 要有连续性，使用眼、耳、嘴；B. 要比被模仿者说的慢；步骤：A. 先把文字材料读熟；B.边听边看边读——纠正存储错误的声音，存储没有听过的声音；C.“只听不看”读材料材料：前十天使用讲义P359 的材料，每天一篇，一共10 篇，操作步骤如下：a.边听边填空——用耳朵去熟悉声音，协调耳手；（5遍能填全，5遍以后看答案，找到耳朵的Weakness）；b.了解文章内容，查生词，理解句子c.跟读与模仿；（以上三步大概完成时间3-5 Hours ）C.难——语言现象a.连音（前辅音+后元音产生连音现象）；b.失爆；（b、p、t、d、k、g）解决方法：跟读与模仿二、语气与语调——解决功能题与态度题1、单个单词重读表示责备抱怨、不满或者正话反说；2、声调越升越怀疑，越升越否定；三、词汇1、耳朵要认识单词；2、10%的词汇听不出来很正常；3、听不出来的不会词汇有两类：应该不会的，活该不会的；差est→差er→差ing→ a little 差→a little 好→a little 好→好er→好est4、专业词汇；★如果专业词汇在Lecture 中被解释，100%是考点，要重点听后面的解释；四、思维模式1、First in first （要紧的事情最先讲——解决主旨题，听准开头）；2、积极向上、善良正义——解决功能题；五、听力的误区1、Try to understand everything;解决方法：听觉导向训练训练步骤：（1）做题；（2）边听边填空；（3）听写；（4）跟读与模仿；2、Unfamiliar with the topic;NEW TOEFL 听力考前训练——最佳训练材料：旧托福里的学术演讲1、Vocabulary used in the conversation and lectures; （旧托福）2、跟读与模仿（旧托福/拒绝电影）；3、听写是提高听力的唯一途径；A.听一句写一句（不能边听边写）→训练存储能力（3-5遍）；注：如果3-5 遍写不全，说明不是存储能力有问题，是语音识别有问题，这样就找到了语音识别的Weakness；B.先听写，再跟读，语音语调耳朵熟（没有跟读模仿的听写不是一个完整的听写）；注：补上语音识别的Weakness 要靠跟读与模仿，每篇文章跟读至少10 遍；C.每天听写至少1个小时；（不包含跟读模仿的时间）D.听写材料如下：a.场景分类训练（下）；b.场景分类训练（上）；c.听觉导向训练；d.模拟练习、MINI 练习；e.Delta;f.真题（OG11篇，讲义练习三）；E g T.S旧托福听力训练；E.我们从听写中获得什么？a.存储力；b.听写过程中的常态感（习惯）；c.找缺陷；d.抗疲劳；e.少走神，注意力集中；f.偏执；4、珍爱生命，拒绝泛听；5、记笔记的七个特征（N ote-taking ）;——WhyshouldweTAKENOTESA.只要自己能看懂就行； A. Lose A ttention;B.越少完整单词越好； B. Lose Memory;C.英汉结合；D.要利用符号、线条、曲线、画图等；E.简练——主要在听：切莫因记而误听；F.写而有用；G.可追忆性；6、训练TAKE的能力；A.做N笔O记TE→S做题；B.听写；C.看文字答案，画出考点；D.分析文章层次，研究考点特征；E.边听边看——着重注意画出的考点；F.重新TAKE ；NOTESNEW TOEFL 六种题型综述：主旨题（Gist ）;——B细节题（Detail ）; ——B功能题（Function）; ——P态度题（Stance ）; ——P组织结构题（Organization ）; ——C推理题（Relationship ）; ——C注：B 代表Basic Comprehension; P 代表Pragmatic Understanding; C 代表Connecting Information.NEW TOEFL 6 种听力题型详解：1.Basic Comprehension(50%-70% 的考点)A.主旨题（Gist ）——每篇文章必考主旨题；a.主旨题分为内容主旨和目的主旨；b.解决主旨题的5 个要求：（1）听准开头；（2）把握对话目的；（3）对于演讲，敏感开头句型；（4）捕捉全文重复（主题决定细节，细节反映主题）；（5）训练关键词的敏感（大多是名词和动词）——适应于长对话；★选课场景：先初再高等同意，热门提前抓时机，太多太难基础课，选修必修记仔细。

托福听力讲义非常详细

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5. 新托福考试题型概述6. 界面展示7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读●for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.●Not at all.●Rush hour.●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.●Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读●Some money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读●Be on time●An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4）H连读●I lent him a book.●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.●She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象●Sit down, good night, friendly●-this calculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t●Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：●Phone us when you are free.●I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：●Please give me some cream and sugar.●Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r】音问题●Idea, really●They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A) They went to the dormitory.(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.-What does the man mean?(A) it is typical December weather for this region.(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o】【a:】●Glass, class, fast●Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况●Neither如何解决英美音问题●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题●Method- methodically●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography如何解决词性变音问题8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题●Sitcom●Chem lab●prof如何解决词性缩写问题●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治●psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题●逗号原则1,234,567,890:新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING记笔记的两种形式符号●＞: surpass, exceed●＜:less than●＝: equal to, the same as●≠: difference●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve●↓: decrease, fall, worsen●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover●－: minus, deduct, except●→: result in, lead to●←: originate from, date back to●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative●☆: outstanding, elite●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence●∑: total, amount●γ: government缩写●able?BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL●ing?G: SHPG●tion?N: OPTN，NAN●ment?T: AGRMT●ize?Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ●tive?TV: EFCTV，●ful?FL: SCFL●less?LS: RGDLS●ent/ant?T: URGT●al/ial?L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bach elor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。

Znxlxa新托福听力课讲义

生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。

于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。

生命中，不断地有得到和失落。

于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。

然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。

新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。

⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。

对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。

形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

新托福听力精讲+翻译

学术讲座—学生版生物tpo24 lecture 1一、背景介绍：生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservation biology保护生物学，marine biology海洋生物学，zoology动物学和botany植物学。

主要话题有以下五个：动物行为研究；动物和环境之间的关系；动物交流方式；动物身体结构；动物保护。

二、分类表格：三、各分类常见逻辑结构：生物类考点分析分类部位及特征用途（植物）习性（动物）栖息地繁殖与其他生物的关系生存状况相关研究生物类常见逻辑结构在课堂演讲中，教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解，并举出相应的例子进行证明，期间往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。

四、十三大原则中这节课会用到的原则+举例1. 开头原则：2. 问答原则3. 举例原则4. 强调原则（语义的强调）：5. 结尾原则五、本次课可能用到的笔记法1. 笔记热身1）中文简写2）符号2. TPO1 Conversation1 笔记六、词汇，短语及句式1）生物类场景常用的词汇2）本次课常用词汇3）本次课常用短语及句式：七、文章框架分析1. Crocodile: a predator that hasn't evolved much in the last seventy million years2. The functions of American alligators’ vocalization: ①To threaten other males ② To attract matesThe functions of baby crocodiles’vocalization: ①getting attention ②letting others know you are distressed：baby crocodiles。

The relationship of vocalization between crocodiles and mammals3. The functions of mother crocodiles’ vocalization: to ensure their babies follow her.八、听力文本Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.Professor: OK. For today, let's look at a reptile, a predator that hasn't evolved much in the last seventy million years. No discussion of reptiles would be complete without some mention of crocodiles.（教授开门见山提出讲座的主旨：a predator--crocodiles，其中today, let’s look at...就是主旨句的提示句型。

新托福强化听力讲义

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useConversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss•Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with •Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good•Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation•Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with•Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element•Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with•Talking common sense•Done carefully over time•Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。

新托福强化听力讲义（1）说课材料

新托福强化听力讲义（1）说课材料Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的?optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课introduction, introductory, intro初级mid, medium level, intermediate中级advanced高级preliminary预备级seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment sectioncheck out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记Discourse MarkersIntroducingIn my talk todayMy topic today isToday, we are going to discuss ?T oday, I’ll go overThe purpose of my talk today isToday we are going to look atGiving background InformationIt is clearIt goes without sayingIt is understoodAs we knowAs we have all readDefiningX can be defined asX is known asX is a type ofX is actuallyJust what is meant byListingFirstFirst and foremostNextAnotherTo begin withSecondThe next point I’d like to coverfinallyShowing a connectionPertaining to in connection withClassifyingThere are X types/ categories/ varieties of ?X can be divided intoGiving examplesFor exampleFor instanceX is a case in pointTake X for instanceTake X, for exampleThe following are some common examples ?Let me give you some specific examples ?EmphasizingThe crucial pointI’d like to emphasizeWe should bear in mind that ?FundamentallyI want to stressFurthermoreWhat’s moreThis goes to show thatIn effectLeast we forgetIt is worth mentioning thatIt follows, thenClarifyingIn other wordsThat is to sayBasicallyIf we put it another wayi.e.What I mean to say isLet me put it anther way ?Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics ?NowAll rightOKLet’s now look at itNow, I’d like to turn toThe next point I’d like to focus on ?Moving onAll that asideIn this respectGiving further informationIn additionFurthermoreAnother pointMoreoverNot only…but alsoAlsoOn top of thatAs wellGiving contrast information AlthoughHoweverOn the other handWhereasDespiteneverthelessGiving an opinionAs far as I’m concernedIn my opinionIf it were up to meAccording toIf you ask meIn my mindSetting parametersIn terms of in the scope of ?Digressing By the wayBefore I forgetIncidentallyConcludingWe’ve seen thatIn conclusion, I’d like toIn shortTo sum upLet me end by sayingAny question?All in allCommonly Used ExpressionA point of contentionAfter all is said and doneAll the moreAnd so onA cross purposeAt the onsetBack and forthFoot the billGet a grasp ofGet the ball rollingSubject of disagreementAfter all debate is finishedEven moreEtceteraIn cont radiction to each other’s intent ?At the beginning Going and returningPay allTo understandstartGive rise toHardly the caseIn a fixIn a nutshellInstead ofIt’s all or nothingIt’s all very well and good ?Miss the pointNo matterOn the conditionOwing toPart and parcel ofCauseNot the situation at allIn a bad or difficult situation ?Here is the basic pointRather thanCompletely or not at allThere is nothing wrong with ?Not understandIt really isn’t importantIf/ depending onDue toA necessary and important element ?Poke holes inPractically speakingSlowly but surelyStem fromSupposing thatThat isn’t to sayThe upshot ofTurning pointWhen it comes down to itWith the aim ofWithout regard toWrap upUnder no circumstancesFind something wrong with ?Talking common senseDone carefully over time ?Come fromWhat ifIt doesn’t meanThe consequence or resultAn important point of change in direction or meaning ?The truth isHaving the goal ofIgnoringFinishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s ow n feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。

Eotwixe新托福听力课讲义

学习使人进步心之所向，所向披靡七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。

吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。

情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。

是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。

乃书于纸上。

毕而卧。

凄然入梦。

乙酉年七月初七。

-----啸之记。

新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。

新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。

形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

马骏新托福听力讲义

马骏新托福听力讲义——面带微笑，手拿尖刀听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径听写是提高听力的唯一途径“别问，你就听吧！“NEW TOEFL听力概况：2 Section,3 Passages/Section, 1 Long Dialog/Section, 2 Lectures/Section;5 Questions/Long Dialog,6 Questions/Lecture, 17 Questions/Section;10 Minutes/Section (Answer Time), 4 Minutes/Long Dialog, 6 Minutes/Lecture;NEW TOEFL最常考的四大类听力材料：历史、生物、地球科学、天文学。

The Different Between NEW TOEFL and OLD TOEFL:A. 内容变的丰满，加入了描述、解释性的语言；B. 语速变的缓慢选择有用的信息空间↑↑编码——→存储——→提取↓↓语音识别能力时间★“码”与“存储”是基本听力实力；“编”是考试的能力★在你想要懂的时候，缺失了有效的信息NEW TOEFL Listening 基本听力实力：一、语音识别能力：A. 易——语速问题；越听越劳累，越疲惫，越憔悴，越崩溃，越想拿刀插肋！B. 多——单个单词熟形不熟音；耳朵——不识别或者不熟悉；背单词就是幻觉，背单词只是准备学英文，真正的学习英文是以句子为中心的；解决方法：跟读与模仿前提：A. 要有连续性，使用眼、耳、嘴；B. 要比被模仿者说的慢；步骤：A. 先把文字材料读熟；B. 边听边看边读——纠正存储错误的声音，存储没有听过的声音；C. “只听不看”读材料材料：前十天使用讲义P359的材料，每天一篇，一共10篇，操作步骤如下：a.边听边填空——用耳朵去熟悉声音，协调耳手；（5遍能填全，5遍以后看答案，找到耳朵的Weakness）；b.了解文章内容，查生词，理解句子c.跟读与模仿；（以上三步大概完成时间3-5 Hours）C. 难——语言现象a. 连音（前辅音+后元音产生连音现象）；b. 失爆；（b、p、t、d、k、g）解决方法：跟读与模仿二、语气与语调——解决功能题与态度题1、单个单词重读表示责备抱怨、不满或者正话反说；2、声调越升越怀疑，越升越否定；三、词汇1、耳朵要认识单词；2、10%的词汇听不出来很正常；3、听不出来的不会词汇有两类：应该不会的，活该不会的；差est→差er→差ing→a little 差→a little 好→a little 好→好er→好est4、专业词汇；★如果专业词汇在Lecture中被解释，100%是考点，要重点听后面的解释；四、思维模式1、First in first（要紧的事情最先讲——解决主旨题，听准开头）；2、积极向上、善良正义——解决功能题；五、听力的误区1、Try to understand everything;解决方法：听觉导向训练训练步骤：（1）做题；（2）边听边填空；（3）听写；（4）跟读与模仿；2、Unfamiliar with the topic;NEW TOEFL 听力考前训练——最佳训练材料：旧托福里的学术演讲1、Vocabulary used in the conversation and lectures;（旧托福）2、跟读与模仿（旧托福/拒绝电影）；3、听写是提高听力的唯一途径；A. 听一句写一句（不能边听边写）→训练存储能力（3-5遍）；注：如果3-5遍写不全，说明不是存储能力有问题，是语音识别有问题，这样就找到了语音识别的Weakness；B. 先听写，再跟读，语音语调耳朵熟（没有跟读模仿的听写不是一个完整的听写）；注：补上语音识别的Weakness要靠跟读与模仿，每篇文章跟读至少10遍；C. 每天听写至少1个小时；（不包含跟读模仿的时间）D. 听写材料如下：a. 场景分类训练（下）；b. 场景分类训练（上）；c. 听觉导向训练；d. 模拟练习、MINI练习；e. Delta;f. ETS真题（OG11篇，讲义练习三）；g. 旧托福听力训练；E. 我们从听写中获得什么？a. 存储力；b. 听写过程中的常态感（习惯）；c. 找缺陷；d. 抗疲劳；e. 少走神，注意力集中；f. 偏执；4、珍爱生命，拒绝泛听；5、记笔记的七个特征（Note-taking）;——Why should we TAKE NOTESA. 只要自己能看懂就行； A. Lose Attention;B. 越少完整单词越好； B. Lose Memory;C. 英汉结合；D. 要利用符号、线条、曲线、画图等；E. 简练——主要在听：切莫因记而误听；F. 写而有用；G. 可追忆性；6、训练TAKE NOTES的能力；A. 做笔记→做题；B. 听写；C. 看文字答案，画出考点；D. 分析文章层次，研究考点特征；E. 边听边看——着重注意画出的考点；F. 重新TAKE NOTES；NEW TOEFL六种题型综述：主旨题（Gist）;——B细节题（Detail）; ——B功能题（Function）; ——P态度题（Stance）; ——P组织结构题（Organization）; ——C推理题（Relationship）; ——C注：B代表Basic Comprehension; P代表Pragmatic Understanding; C代表Connecting Information.NEW TOEFL 6种听力题型详解：1. Basic Comprehension(50%-70%的考点)A. 主旨题（Gist）——每篇文章必考主旨题；a. 主旨题分为内容主旨和目的主旨；b. 解决主旨题的5个要求：（1）听准开头；（2）把握对话目的；（3）对于演讲，敏感开头句型；（4）捕捉全文重复（主题决定细节，细节反映主题）；（5）训练关键词的敏感（大多是名词和动词）——适应于长对话；★选课场景：先初再高等同意，热门提前抓时机，太多太难基础课，选修必修记仔细。

托福听力讲义_图文

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION 文章思路LECTURE 文章思路第1页5. 新托福考试题型概述第2页第3页6. 界面展示第4页7. IBT 新托福资料说明——听力部分第5页托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式● not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读● for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读● I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. ● Not at all. ● Rush hour.● This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. ● Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读● So me money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读● Be on time（4） H 连读● I lent him a book.● Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?● The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.● I must have left my keys at my sister’s house. ● She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读● 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your ● 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you ● 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year ● 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you● Example: won ’t you, don ’t you, didn ’t you, haven ’t you, hadn ’t you, wouldn ’t you,weren ’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象● Sit down, good night, friendly ● -this ca lculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来● I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d ● Doesn ’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t● Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r 】音问题● Idea, really● They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory.● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o 】【a:】● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况● Neither如何解决英美音问题● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinarity, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题● Method- methodically● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness8. 缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof如何解决词性缩写问题● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题● 逗号原则● 1,234,567,890:● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to● ←: originate from, date back to● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写● able BL: PRB L， RSBL ，DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN，NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV，● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M 原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。

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新托福听力课讲义新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容:, 新托福听力的基本情况, 美语语音, 托福特色场景词汇扩展, 托福听力基本应试技巧, 北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式, 新答题方式:隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记, 2.答题程序:听读选不可跳跃旧托福:先读，后听，再选。

新托:1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

, 3.考察题型增多:单选多选图表是非排序, 4.语音形式:美音为主流+国际口音,新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。

, 共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

(注: 托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度)instructors’ office hours, 对话人物: 教授与学生;, 对话地点: 教师办公室;, 对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务, 对话人物:学生与工作人员;, 对话地点: 校园某办公室;, 对话内容: 非学术的询问。

对话(3) student interactions, 对话人物: 学生甲乙;, 对话地点: 教室以外相遇;1, 对话内容: 学术讨论;非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。

形式:有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l( 整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语. 举例:You bet.I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢;特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor saythis,”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。

出题人很sweet 。

Invigilator 监考老师Fertilizer 肥料Fisical policy 财政政策Mummification 木乃伊化小试牛刀见招拆招:我们要解决的问题, 1.大致听懂, 语音能力, 语速适应, 词汇能力, 场景熟悉问题:大致听懂<语音能力+词汇能力+场景熟悉> 对策:适应速度，磨练耳朵。

1.掌握美音发音特点，注意连读、吞音、音变;2.速度跟不上，听起来跟一锅粥似的。

3. 听不懂，是生词太多，即便语速再慢，还是不知所云。

24.背景不熟悉:project进阶和强化阶段解决的问题, 2.合理笔记, 记什么, 怎么记, 3.准确做题, 掌握出题规律, 做题技巧,笔记:听记练习准确做题:解决方法:掌握出题规律，一边听，一边判断出什么地方有题;掌握听力基本技巧。

辨别句子中的重点词、重读词、反复重复的词; 熟练掌握语气语调，判断态度和立场;听的问题:语音语速方面, 语速, 1.正常语速, 2. 模仿跟读, 3.“隔音罩”和“赵忠祥”,1.何谓正常语速,以英语为母语的人口中说出的句子即为正常语速。

托福听力之所以科学是因为它还原了语言交际的真实性，真实生活中语言是怎样被运用的，那么听力试题当中语言就是怎样被考察的。

2.我们不如翻看原文，跟着录音不断的模仿，勇敢的跟读，大胆的超越，直到你读的跟它一样快了，那么语速的问题就迎刃而解了～3.永远都不要期待和别人用英文交流的时候会有个隔音罩从天而降，隔绝外界一切噪音，也永远不要奢望对方会用赵忠祥一般磁性而又清晰语音让你听清每一个单词的发音。

美语的特殊语音现象, 1.连读3, 2.音变, 3.弱读, 4.爆破连读连读，指的是词与词之间交界的两个音经常连在一起，发音好像连成一个较长的单词。

有助于完整意义的表达，并使整句话有强烈的粘着感，体现句子的整体性，反应了美语的自然流畅。

生活中的语言都是语流，不可能一字一顿，大量的连读是情理之中。

, 辅音和元音连读, ran out of money 没钱了, Come on in 快进来, fit it in 装进去, Fill out this application form 填表, call it today 到此为止辅音连读--失音现象, 前一个单词的结尾辅音和后一个单词的开头辅音相同时，合并成一个音，同时发音延长。

, Like candy, Big girl, Some money, Up side down元音的连读, 元音和元音相连时，中间不可停顿，必须一气呵成。

(由一个元音向另一个元音滑动), I am, Grow up,爆破音+辅音, 美语中六个爆破音:b p d t g h, 爆破音, Ma 是最简单的，两个最简单的音素, ba 后学会，就在于它是有点技术含量的爆破音。

,, 爆破音发音:由block +release 即“堵住+释放”构成, 失爆现象:爆破音+辅音，这个爆破音就失去爆破，即不吐气,爆破音+辅音4, Lap top, Good time, Cardboard, Big change,爆破音H, Isn’t he, I just hope, Just stick aroud here, If i see herT的浊化, WATER, Letter, Liter几组固定音变could u \ did u , d+u would u \, t +u what about u last year \ hurt yourself, s +u miss u \this year弱读规则, T 读快了会演变成|N | 的发音, WANT TO _WANNA, GOING TO _GONNA缩读新托福听力中有大量口语素材，发音时为了达到流畅柔(smoothly and softly )的效果，会省略某些发音缩读的方式约定俗成，不可滥用, And ——‘n rock ‘n roll, You —— ya, got you —— gotchya, Because ‘cause, How does how’s, Let me lem’me alone . 小结:, 连读、音变5, 失音、失爆, 弱读、缩读、, 音变、浊化, 连读和失爆是重中之重，可以说是无处不在。

语音部分的练习方法举例:读两遍到三遍Aren’t you Jackie Chan? 音变I am a bi(g) fan of ya . 失去爆破，连读 Could you please give me your signiture an(d) have a pi(c)ture withme,音变，缩读，失去爆破美音发音练习方法总结1.听原文2.看原文3.要划读音现象——知其然和所以然，建立长期记忆。

4.跟读模仿每次放两遍讲解层次:1.分析划已学过的语音特色2.题目中的特色短语，特色语法3.考点分析，托福考试出题思路点拨实践和理论相结合基本听力技巧, 出题思路, 解题方法, 记笔记的方法托福听力出题原则和解题技巧, 【原则一basic comprehension: 理解 main ideas和supporting details 】50 %左右的题目, 问题模式:What is the lecture mainly about,, 请听录音:托1曲2 SUNDAY’ RANWhat is the professor mainly discussing,解题思路分析:, 6个段子基本每一个都包含都有1个关于主要内容的问题6见招拆招:技巧:西方人思维方法和语言模式分析:一通百通Dear John Letter分手信中国女孩不知道你这几天过的好不好, ——你为啥不联系我绕来绕去我这两天什么也没干，书也看不进去，饭也吃不下。

——你不联系我，我做什么都没劲想起几个月前，你对我如此体贴，从不让我伤心难过。

——你现在怎么会这么没良心啊正话反说上个礼拜我可能措辞太过激烈，但都是因为我在乎你，可是你竟然不能体会，还大发脾气，真是伤透了我的心。

——终于说道正题了含蓄表达我真的好恨你啊～——戛然而止，留下无穷回味, 东方思维:, 绕来绕去, 正话反说, 含蓄表达, 隽永曲折中文语言模式:, 特点:讲述式-story telling (以前，上礼拜，现在的时间发展顺序) , 表现: 线性结构linear structure美国女孩, Dear Tom ,, I hate you! Topic sentences,, Your yelling at me last week made me down.reason 1, And you were so close to Mary that you helped her with her essay instead of hanging out with me ,which was unbearable for me.reason 2, During my birthday ,no gift from you at all .reason 3, So I really hate you ,and wanna see you no more in my life time. Conclusion西方语言模式:, 特点:逻辑式 logic analysis, 结构:金字塔结构, Topic sentence+supporting sentences +conclusion7主旨题目必杀技:(此法适用于阅读，写作，口语), 注重开始的引言、介绍和反复出现的短语 topic sentence 和keywords , 再听一遍托1曲2的第1.2句托福听力出题原则和解题技巧, 【原则二】实际交流理解力 (Pragmatic Understanding) (25%左右的题目), 注重说话者的语气、目的和态度。

, 需要考生能概括说话者的目的，确定说话人的感情基调。

, 托2曲2 Mistake 64页, 【原则三】综合理解能力 (Connecting Information) (25%左右的题目), 总体上考查考生的概括和推论的能力, 举例段子:you should hand in your paper now., What is the relationship between the man and woman,把握词汇是听懂的前提!, 基础阶段要解决“听懂”的问题, 提高听力水平，词汇量的扩展首当其冲。

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