TOEFL Online 赵东坡托福听力方法课讲义 1
托福强化听力讲义 一
Practice one: TPO 21 conversation 2!
Script:! Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and her public relations
!professor.!
Student Hi, professor Gordin. I really learned a lot from your lecture, the one about analyzing all those different segments of the population. Oh, the official term is audience, right? I never imagine that one company could have over
!thirty audiences to communicate with. !
Professor Yeah, a lot of students are taken aback by this, and some public relations consultants don’t figure it out until they’ve worked in the field a while. ! Student Everyone thinks, public relations, eh, PR is easy, but there’s a lot to
I can offer a different perspective than someone who only teaches ...!
生生词栏：
!
Practice Two: TPO 14 conversation 2!
托福听力-介绍ppt课件
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Question Types
1. Basic Comprehension Questions（基本综合理解题）
Gist-Content Gist-Purpose Detail
2. Pragmatic Understanding Questions（情景理解题）
Understanding the Function of What Is Said Understanding the Speaker's Attitude
e.g. p132
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2.2 Understanding the Speaker's Attitude
考查考生能否听出说话人的态度或观点。
注意语气。 e.g. p134
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3.1 Understanding Organization Question
考查能否识别整个材料的组织方式，及其如何应用这些部分
实现其功能的。
转换功能； 连接主题和分论点； 提供引言或结论； 举例子； 开玩笑。
e.gontent Question
考查考生对材料中各观点之间关系的理解能力。
要求：
比较关系 因果关系 反对/赞同关系 类别 顺序
提供解释 举例子 表示支持 联系主题
e.g. p130
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2.1 Understanding the Function of What Is Said
句子功能题
主要目的：
测试考生是否理解某一句话的功能会常常再去重听一
段对话后回答。
注：说话人的字面意思与真实意思不相符。
3. Connecting Information Questions（整合信息题）
托福听力技巧分析PPT课件
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干扰选项特征:
Too general: an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecture
too specific: a supporting detail instead of a main idea
inaccurate: not true, or only partially true, according to the speakers
irrelevant: about something that the speakers don’t mention
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TPO 15 Lecture 1 psychology
Lecture 1 (第一句）For decades, psychologists have been looking ttention to the sentences at the
beginning） today we are going to be talking about… I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing… let’s focus on… let’s now take a look at… （2） 问答式展开： how are companies typically structured? Do you remember what they are? How can you understand it? Why does human being consider it important?
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Conversation 场景分类
2021
Lecture 具体分类
新托福听力课讲义
新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。
新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。
2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。
只得先听，后读，再选。
考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。
⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。
⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。
每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。
（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。
对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。
对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。
形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。
新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。
因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。
托福听力练习方法之五步精听法你真的掌握了吗？
托福听力练习方法之五步精听法你真的掌握了吗？声明：本文整理自赵东坡老师的听力方法课程。
在托福听力考试中，同学们普遍遇到的问题只有两类：听不清，或者听清了但反应不过来。
通过使用五步精听方法来进行英语听力练习，可以修正正确发音，并且达到将声音与意群直接联系起来的目的，从而解决这两类问题。
具体的五步方法流程，可以参考下图：但是仍有许多同学表示，用五步精听法练习过了许多篇听力文章，却仍然收效甚微。
这是因为在练习过程中，在某一步或者几步并未使用正确姿势进行练习。
为此，小编特意将五步精听法的具体步骤和需要注意的地方进行了整理，请同学们核对自检：练习准备听力材料：老托福听力段子老托福段子长度在100词左右，时间长度为1分钟，比TPO的听力内容短、容易。
比较适合上手训练。
辅助工具工具书（纸质或电子辞典）、书写用纸（或使用电脑输入工具如word等）。
练习步骤1.预听练习姿势：将音频听一遍。
完成标准：完整地听过一遍即可。
注意事项：预听不需要纠结于是否听懂、听懂了多少、记住了多少，主要是进行热身，对于音频段落有初步的了解。
2.通读听力原文练习姿势：通读听力原文，查生词、找难点、做标注。
完成标准：确保整篇原文100%读懂，没有不理解或者理解模糊的地方。
注意事项：这一步请专注于理解文章，明白文章大意，尤其是攻克生词和难点，这一步可以与第三步翻译结合起来。
3.翻译练习姿势：将听力原文逐词逐句翻译成汉语。
可以手写在纸上或者打字输入到word中。
完成标准：没有漏译、模糊翻译，务必逐词逐句完整翻译全篇。
注意事项：这一步的目的是为了进一步全面理解文章意思，切勿在脑海中默译或大概翻译，请落实到纸面或文档上。
若通篇翻译完成的时间在5到8分钟内，这一步可以略过。
4.跟读练习姿势：首先以原文辅助，逐句模仿音频的发音，熟练后整段模仿，直到脱稿。
完成标准：能够脱稿并流畅地跟读完整篇文章。
注意事项：跟读时与音频发音的时间间隔约为几个单词，时间上间隔约半秒到一两秒。
托福听力全解 ppt课件
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Lecture
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1. Basic Comprehension 基本理解力 1). Gist 2). Detail
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2. Pragmatic Understanding 实际理解力 1). Function 2). Attitude
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ocean
oceanic
declare declaration
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3. 语音现象
连读：辅音＋元音
get up
check out
run out of all about it
in-side out put it off
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失爆：/ b / / p / / d / / t / / g / / k / + 与其不相 同的辅音，发后一个辅音，前一个做发音准 备
blackboard breakfast
stop by sit down
lap top
mid-term
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弱读：元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素 在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位 置而不被强调等原因，不能发完全而标准的读音， 却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。
history ／histəri／→／histri／ family ／fæ mili／→／fæ ｍli／
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列举： first(ly), second, third, last/ finally one, another
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补充： and, as well as also, too, in addition further, furthermore
TOEFL Online 赵东坡托福听力方法课讲义 3
典型问法：
• What does the speaker/ professor imply about ……? • What can be inferred about ……? • What is probably true about ……? • What can be inferred from the talk? • What will the woman probably do next? • What will the students probably do next? • What will the professor probably discuss next? • What does the professor imply when he says this: (replay)
8. Making Inferences 推论题
• 推断题包括“推论”和“预测”两种形式。推论是原文没 有直接表达的，需要考生进行推测的信息；预测则是需要 考生根据说话人所说的话推测出其未来的行为。 • 推断题特点： • 有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容 • 文中一般没有直接提及的信息
典型问法：
Why does the professor explain ……? (replay) Why does the student say ……? (replay) Why does the student mention ……? (replay) Why does the professor talk about ……? (replay) Why does the instructor ask the class about ……? (replay) • What does the professor mean/imply when he says this: (replay) • What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student? (replay) • What is the purpose of the woman’s response? (replay) • • • • •
新托福听力课讲义全
新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。
新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。
2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。
只得先听，后读，再选。
考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。
⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音新托福基础听力基本围北美大学真实课堂，教室外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。
⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。
每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。
（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。
对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话容：非学术的询问。
对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本容之讲座LECTURE容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试容。
形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。
新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。
因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。
托福听力TPO1学习笔记-lecture1
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力TPO1学习笔记:lecture1摘要：小编在学习托福听力TPO1中的lecture1时做的学习笔记，针对难词注解、长难句分析以及考题对应考点这三大方面展开，仅供参考。
下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下这篇托福听力TPO1中的lecture1的学习笔记吧，希望大家能够给正在准备托福听力的考友们带来帮助。
TPO 1 lecture 1一、难词注解1.contemporary当代艺术2.semester 学期3.Brushstrokes一笔;一划的;绘画技巧4.texture 质地5.depictions 描写6.Illustration说明，插图7.blurry 模糊的;污脏的;不清楚的8.pinkish略带桃色的;较为激进的针对大家托福听力提分困难的复习处境，小马有开发出模拟托福听力考场环境的托福听力APP,小马托福听力APP中涵盖了TPO1-34听力真题全部内容的，答案解析应有尽有。
为让同学们能够有条不紊的提高听力能力，小马托福听力APP开启两种模式：“修炼”、“闯关”，两大模式进行魔鬼式训练。
另外还有5000+词汇、1000+经典句子、200+文章，这么大的诱惑还等什么快来扫一扫下面的二维码下载使用吧!9.Fence栅栏二、长难句分析1. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn.难句类型：That引导的表语从句，when引导的时间状语难句结构拆分：One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that，主系表结构，that引导的表语从句， I read about做插入语，从句是when引导的时间状语从句，其中town called the Sales Barn又是过去分词短语做定语。
赵东坡五步精听法：解决你托福听力差的问题
赵东坡五步精听法：解决你托福听力差的问题
一、听力有多难？
1、中国学生的托福分数，听力单项历来垫底，基本上难上20分
2、英语口语、写作综合题里边的听力比听力单项还难
3、文章一看就懂，一听就不明白
二、为啥听力这么难？
1、是否自己好好练过听力？做题不等于练习，对照自己，看一下您是否可以精确的知道自己的练习时间和练习内容。
2、了解听力到底练什么？练习的声音声音所代表的意思你对声音的反应
三. 了解问题
1.听力词汇：听力词汇指的是听的过程中能够反映出来的词汇，不是单纯英语词汇。
2.辨音：听力首先就是辨音，能不能听清楚，对不同口音的适应能力，对连读缩读弱读的熟悉等。
3.扩大意义单元：你是以单词为单位反映意思，还是句子甚至意群？
4.声音代表意思：你听到的英语发音，在脑海里等同于意思吗？听写出来的句子，就算写对了，能即刻知道意思是什么吗？
四、赵东坡五步精听练习法，搞定英语听力
1、预听
2、通读原文（查生词、找难点、做标记）
3、学会翻译，建立意义单元（逐句逐句翻译，5-8分钟做完）
4、跟读（逐句模仿发音，形成对音的记忆--整段跟读--脱稿练习）
5、精听练习，每天20篇以上。
托福听力讲义非常详细
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5. 新托福考试题型概述6. 界面展示7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读●for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.●Not at all.●Rush hour.●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.●Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读●Some money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读●Be on time●An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4）H连读●I lent him a book.●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.●She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象●Sit down, good night, friendly●-this calculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t●Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：●Phone us when you are free.●I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：●Please give me some cream and sugar.●Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r】音问题●Idea, really●They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A) They went to the dormitory.(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.-What does the man mean(A) it is typical December weather for this region.(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o】【a:】●Glass, class, fast●Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况●Neither如何解决英美音问题●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题●Method- methodically●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography如何解决词性变音问题8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题●Sitcom●Chem lab●prof如何解决词性缩写问题●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治●psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题●逗号原则1,234,567,890:新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING记笔记的两种形式符号●＞: surpass, exceed●＜:less than●＝: equal to, the same as●≠: difference●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve●↓: decrease, fall, worsen●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover●－: minus, deduct, except●→: result in, lead to●←: originate from, date back to●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative●☆: outstanding, elite●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence●∑: total, amount●γ: government缩写●able?BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL●ing?G: SHPG●tion?N: OPTN，NAN●ment?T: AGRMT●ize?Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ●tive?TV: EFCTV，●ful?FL: SCFL●less?LS: RGDLS●ent/ant?T: URGT●al/ial?L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bach elor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
托福听力TPO20原文 Lecture1
托福听力TPO20原文Lecture1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO20原文中Lecture1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO20lecture1Linguistics(Gricean Maxims)NarratorListen to part of a lecture in a linguistics class.ProfessorOk,the conventions or assumptions that govern conversation,these may vary from one culture to another,but basically,for people to communicate,there is a...they have to follow certain rules.Like if I am talking with you and I start saying things that are not true,if you can’t tell when I am lying and when I am telling the truth,well,we are not going to have a very satisfactory conversation,are we?Why?Because it violates one of the Gricean Maxims,that’s a set of rulesor maxims a philosopher name H.P.Grice came up with in1970s.One of these Gricean Maxims is...well,I’ve already given you a hint.StudentOh,you just can’t go around telling lies.ProfessorRight,or as Grice put it,“Do not say what you believe to be false.”That’s one of Grice’s Maxims ofQuality as he called it.So that’s pretty obvious.But there are others just as important.Like,eh...suppose you would ask me what time it was and I replied‘my sister just got married’,what would you think?StudentYou are not really answering my question.ProfessorNo,I am not,am I?There is no connection at all,which feels wrong because you generally expect to find one.So one important maxim is simply:be relevant.And using the so-called Maxim of Relevance we can infer things as well,or rather the speaker can imply things and the listener can make inferences.For instance,suppose you say you would really love to have a cup of coffee right now,and I say‘there’s a shop around the corner’.Now,what can you infer from what I said?StudentWell,the shop sells coffee for one thing.ProfessorRight,and that I believe it is open now.Because if I won’t implying those things, my response would not be relevant.It’d have no connection with what you said before.But according to the maxim,my response should be relevant to your statement,meaning,we should assume some connection between the statement and the response.And this maxim of relevance is quite efficient to use.Even if I don’t spell out all the details,you can still make some useful logical inferences,namely,the shop is open and it sells coffee.If we actually have to explain all these details,conversations would move along pretty slowly,wouldn’t they?OK,then there’s the maxims of manner,including things like be clear,and avoid ambiguity.And another more interesting maxims is one of the so-called maxims of quantity, quantities of information,that is.It says,to give as much as is required in the situation. So suppose you asked me what I did yesterday and I say‘I went to the Art Museum.’You would likely infer that I saw some works of art.Suppose,though,that I did not go inside the museum,I just walked up to it then left.Then I violated the quantity maxim by not giving enough information.So you can see how important implications are to our ability to carry on a conversation.But there are times when people will violate these maxims on purpose.Let’s say a boss is asked to write a letter of recommendation for a former employee seeking an engineering job.The letter he writes is quite brief.Something like,uh,Mr. X is polite and always dresses quite neatly.So what does this really mean?StudentOh,I see.By not mentioning any important qualities related to the job,the boss is... like,implying that this is best that can be said about Mr.X that he is really not qualified.ProfessorExactly.It’s a written letter not a conversation,but the principle is the same.The boss is conveying a negative impression of Mr.X without actually saying negative about him.So,by violating the maxims,we...eh...but...it can be a way to be subtle or polite, or to convey humor through sarcasm or irony.Sometimes though people will violate maxims for another purpose:to deceive.Now,can you imagine who might do such a thing?StudentSome politicians.StudentOr advertisers.ProfessorRight.Anyone who may see an advantage in implying certain things that are untrue without explicitly saying something untrue.They think,hey,don’t blame us if our audience happens to draw inferences that are simply not true.So next time you see an advertisement saying some product could be up to20%more effective,think of these maxims of quantity and relevance,and ask yourself what inferences you are being led to draw.Think,more effective than what exactly?And why do they use those little phrases‘could be’and‘up to’? These claims give us a lot lessinformation than they seem to.教授：好的，统领对话的准则或前提，可能随着文化的不同，它们也会发生变化，但基本上说，对于人们交流而言，是存在一些基本的要求的。
托福听力讲义非常详细
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1.新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No1/4 multiple choiceIBT新托福Internet No Yes New types2.题量，时间，分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-3 5 / conversation2-3 min / conversation LECTURE4-6 6 / lecture4-6 min / lectureTOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准3.题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4.文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5.新托福考试题型概述题号问题题型1Why does the student go to see the professor?Gist question2According to the professor, what information should thestudent include in her statement of purpose?Detail Question3What does the professor consider unusual about thestudent’s background?Detail Question4Why does the professor tell a story about his friend whowent ot medical school?Detail Question5What does the professor imply about the people who admitstudents to graduate school?Inference question6What are the students mainly discussing?Gist questionGist question: 6Detail question: 16Purpose question: 6Attitude question: 1Organization question: 2Inference question: 3 6.界面展示7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分题目数量不多难度较简单题型全面，和考试相同，质量高精听精做题目分类研究文章精读研究不建议模考一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还有2套是OG题目，其他全部为全真试题难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现题型全面，场景全面精听精做建议最后冲刺模考题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻精听精做建议考前强化训练对语速跟读模仿题目数量大，有六套模拟试题具体特点同蓝皮delta 建议考前模拟对语速跟读模仿题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题难度偏小，在基础班使用建议平时精听训练有四套模拟试题听力部分略难，语速略快配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉考前模考只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一些，和考试非常相似。
托福听力ppt课件
02
托福听力技巧
Chapter
听力理解技巧
提前阅读选项
在播放音频之前，快速浏览问题 和选项，了解听力材料的大致内 容和问题类型。
抓住主题和结构
在听录音时，注意捕捉主题句和 结构，把握文章的整体框架和逻 辑关系。
理解细节和推理
对于细节信息和推理题，需要仔 细听并理解上下文语境，提炼出 关键信息和逻辑关系。
增加听力和口语练习
总结词：多听多练
详细描述：提高托福听力需要大量的练习，考生可以通过听英语电影、新闻、播 客等方式来提高听力水平。同时，加强口语练习也有助于提高听力水平，因为口 语和听力是相互关联的。建议考生参加英语角、模拟面试等活动来练习口语。
04
托福听力常见问题解答
Chapter
如何提高听力速度和理解能力？
语速问题
通过逐渐增加听力材料的播放速度， 提高对快速英语的理解能力。
如何克服听力中的注意力不集中问题？
集中注意力
在听力过程中，尽量保持高度集中，避免分散注意力，错过 重要信息。
练习专注
通过练习冥想、瑜伽等放松身心的活动，提高专注力和抗干 扰能力。
05
托福听力备考建议
Chapter
制定合理的备考计划
确定备考时间
根据个人情况，合理安排每天的备考时间，确保 充分复习。
制定学习计划
按照备考时间，将学习内容划分为不同的阶段， 明确每个阶段的学习目标。
分配复习重点
针对自己的薄弱环节，合理分配复习时间，提高 复习效率。
多听多练，提高听力和口语水平
增加听力训练
通过听英语新闻、电影、电视剧等，提高英语听力水平。
考试内容和题型
考试内容主要包括两个部分：讲座（Lecture）和对话（Conversation）。讲座涉及学术话题，如历史、生物、地理等，对话 则涉及日常生活中的场景和话题。
托福听力讲义_图文
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION 文章思路LECTURE 文章思路第1页5. 新托福考试题型概述第2页第3页6. 界面展示第4页7. IBT 新托福资料说明——听力部分第5页托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式● not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读● for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读● I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. ● Not at all. ● Rush hour.● This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. ● Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读● So me money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读● Be on time（4） H 连读● I lent him a book.● Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?● The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.● I must have left my keys at my sister’s house. ● She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读● 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your ● 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you ● 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year ● 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you● Example: won ’t you, don ’t you, didn ’t you, haven ’t you, hadn ’t you, wouldn ’t you,weren ’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象● Sit down, good night, friendly ● -this ca lculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来● I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d ● Doesn ’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t● Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r 】音问题● Idea, really● They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory.● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o 】【a:】● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况● Neither如何解决英美音问题● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinarity, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题● Method- methodically● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness8. 缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof如何解决词性缩写问题● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题● 逗号原则● 1,234,567,890:● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to● ←: originate from, date back to● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写● able BL: PRB L， RSBL ，DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN，NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV，● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M 原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
名师指导：托福考试课堂讲稿1
1.认识题⽬：形式和本质，题库的设计原则和分类以及测试的语⾔技能 articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively examine claims and accompanying evidence support ideas with relevant reasons and examples sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion control the elements of standard written English 1)陈述问题和现象的语⾔能⼒ 2)表达观点来源：考试⼤ 3)对观点进⾏⽀持，否定，综合评价的语⾔技能，包括对推理过程和逻辑的分析 4)分析现象存在的原因 5)表达⼀件事物或事件的利弊和综合影响的多元化思维和表达能⼒ 6)考⽣观点不作为评判依据，但是提出观点的视⾓以及分析问题的能⼒是语⾔表达的前提基础，所以是训练的重点，也是考试测试的重点 2.理解宗旨；托福写作考试的⽬的——逻辑和论证 3.写作的评分体系 作⽂考试的形式来源：考试⼤ 1.阅读+听记+写作 20分钟字数 150-225 阅读材料为给定的观点加上对观点的⽀持信息，⽐如使⽤事实事例或者逻辑的分析，⽽听⼒内容是对阅读材料进⾏⽀持或者否定，否定批驳为主，考⽣需要把握听⼒中话语⼈对阅读材料的切⼊点，以及话语⼈如何表达怀疑，否定等。
作为测试的评分重点在于 1)听⼒内容所有重点信息的全⾯与否 2)阅读内容信息和听⼒内容的相关联 3)语⾔表达的准确 2.独⽴写作论⽂ 30分钟字数最少300单词 独⽴写作的⼊⼿⽅式（阅读官⽅指南287页） 1.题⽬中关键词语的定义予以质疑和分析 2.按照命题给定的⼆分体系论证 3.总体抽象的⼊局 4.细节和个性的处理 5.对命题给定的纷争予以具体界定，提出综合多元思维 The task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might 1)agree absolutely with the claim, 2)disagree completely, 3)or agree with some parts and not others 4)question the assumptions the statement seems to be making 5)qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue 6)point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others 7)evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective 8)develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example 作⽂的评分体系来源：考试⼤ 官⽅指南288页阅读，提出要点 1)detailed discussion 2)unified 3)coherent 4)varied sentence structure 5)not high-level vocabulary but word choice is correct 6)minor errors 7)the flow of meanings 讲解： 1.300单词（⼤约15-20句⼦）的篇章结构布局 2.何谓on-topic /off-topic 3.句⼦的衔接技术和艺术 4.句法结构的变化和复杂程度 5.⼩词的理念（OG280页173题借钱和友谊——如何使⽤⾼中词汇写出满分作⽂？） 6.思维的艺术和美的探索 什么是完美的篇章结构布局？ Introduction 导⼊段落的功能和内容 得分印象形成的关键 常见的错误（现场写作269页第29题：⼈类活动和地球争论） 应该写什么内容？ 多少句⼦，多少单词？(1-3个句⼦，字数在30-80左右) 常⽤的容易掌握的写作开头⽅式学习： 1)问题 + 观点 2)观点 3)正反观点+选择 4)现象+问题+观点 5)观点+ 反驳 6)观点+ ⽀持 main body 2-4段落 每段字数和句⼦数量 100-150 单词左右，⼤概5-8个句⼦ 段落的节本结构：三层次理论 段落内部的衔接技术 段落的总分结构体系 段落内部的句法转变 词的选择 段落写作学习的⽅法： conclusion 1-3个句⼦。
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听力的练法
1. tation(适合基础很差，又无人指导的学生) Shadow reading（有一定的辨音能力，兼顾口语发音熟练度训练）
语音课：老师会讲解单音发音，节奏重音、语气语调、连读缩读弱读规 则，练习方法等
2. 辨义的训练 精听：建立意义反应单元；训练反应速度 泛听：增加听力能力的应用机会；训练举一反三触类旁通的能力
- 图片: 提示要点, 协助理解生词 - 变换3-4次图片,后跟6道题
答题思路
1. 听懂大意, 学会有选择地记笔记;
2. 多分析段落框架/结构对出题点/顺序的影响; 3. 出题点集中于: 主题, 结构, 疑问解答, 观点, 结论等;
4. 注意选项的比较和排除 .
听力问题分析
• 听力分辨力—听不听清楚的问题 • 听力反应力—听不听明白的问题 • Visual memory • Audio memory • Physical memory
听力的能力
• 听力分辨力—能不能听清楚——辨音
Wacha gonna do when ya get oudda here?
What are you going to do when you get out of here?
I canunderstanditif the promblemisn’t difficultor complicated.
听力课程介绍
第三节：托福听力考试题型综述 句子功能题 态度题 推论题 第四节：托福听力考试题型综述 组织结构题 连接内容题 第五节：课程总结、考试时间规划。
备考攻略
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 了解听力考试 了解问题 收集备考资料 制定学习计划 时间表 执行计划 参加考试
听力考试介绍
注：要定期复习，最好周期性复习。20篇一组，每天听一组，每5天复习一遍。
谢
谢！
• 每段授课对应6道试题。每个讲解是4-6分钟（解决问题 学习、生活）。
• 听录音的过程中允许考生做笔记。
Conversation
长度: 3 -4 分钟 形式: 男女轮流说, 十几回合
核心内容: 解决问题
师生对话：讨论学习问题(作业,考试,课程…)；
学生/工作人员对话；讨论生活问题(食堂,宿舍, 注册…) - 变换2-3次图片, 后跟5道题
资料的准备：
• 精听资料：老托福听力part C段子、SSS(60 second science);
• 备考做题：TPO;
• 泛听材料：电影、美剧、新闻等.
Discovery (探索频道) National Geographic (国家地理频道), Scientific American (科学美国):
学习计划
1. 原则：时间要留充裕，不要现上轿现扎耳朵眼！铁了心要 出国，建议留出3-4个月脱产学习时间.
2. 懒人注意：定量不定时.
3. 勤奋人注意：计划安排的条理性. 4 .对考试了解少的同学：早报班！！！
5. 一站式学习过程：基础-强化-TPO精练-冲分
五步精听练法
• 1. 预听 • 2. 通读听力原文（查生词、找难点、做标注） • 3. 翻译（逐词逐句，但5-8分钟做完则可以免） • 4. 跟读（逐句模仿发音—整段跟读—脱稿） • 5. 精听（20+）
1. 总分120, 分为阅读,听力,口语,写作四部分,各30分
2. 每个月有三到四次考试,每次4个小时左右,9:00—12:30; 3. 理想的分数:100+——R30—L30—S20+—W20+
4. 难点是:听力/口语
听力考试介绍
• 听力部分包含两个对话(conversation)和四段课堂讲解 (lecture)。 • 每个对话涉及2个或2个以上的说话者，每个对话对应5道 试题，每个对话是3-4分钟。
TOEFL IBT LISTENING 01
JERRY 赵东坡 新浪微博：赵东坡老师
听力课程介绍
• • • • • • • • • • 授课时间：10:15——12:15 次数：5节 内容： 第一节： 托福听力考试概述 托福听力考试备考攻略 听力问题解析 精听练法 第二节： 托福听力考试题型综述 主旨题 细节题
答题思路
1. 重点听问题在哪及如何解决
2. 出题点集中于: 问题, 担忧, 态度,建议 3. 学生思维(喜好)是关键（学生的想法） 4. 重点在话题总结和规律把握上
• 谁？有什么问题？解决了么？怎么解决的？
Lecture
- 长度: 4-6分钟, 500-600词
- 形式: monologue 独白式 / interactive lecture 互动式 - 核心内容: 学科基本知识 / 概念介绍
I can understand it if the problem isn’t difficult or complicated.
• 听力反应力—能不能听明白？速度快不快？
• 1、意义单元小 • 2、声音≠意思
• Read an article out loud but couldn’t understand the meaning. In order to understand it, have to read it silently