高中英语总复习“过去分词”完整学案
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学
过
程
一、
复
习
预
习
1、
针
对
上
节课所学内容“现在分词”进行提问:
(1)现在分词表示什么意义?→主动或进行
(2)现在分词什么时候充当句子中的定语或状语?
→表示和所修饰名词是主动关系时,用现在分词作定语;
→和主句主语是主动关系时,用现在分词作状语。
2、针对上节课的作业进行订正、讲评、答疑,将集中出错的地方进行分析和进一步讲解。
二、知识讲解
知识点1:过去分词的形式:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则,具体参考不规则动词形式变化表。
知识点 2:过去分词的句法功能
(1)【重点】作定语:
A broken cup is lying on the ground. 地上有一个打破的杯子。
It is said that the agreement signed between the two companies last month will become effective from May 1st.
据说上个月两家公司签署的协议从五月一日生效。
注意:当作定语的过去分词是单个词汇时,一般用于所修饰名词前;如果是过去分词短语,就放在所修饰
名词的后面。
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水)fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived goods(新到的货)the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界)
(2)【重点】作状语:
过去分词作状语时,与主句主语是被动关系。例如:
Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Deeply moved by his father’s words, he decided to change himself. 深深地被父亲的话感动,他决定改过自新。(原因状语)
(3)作补语:
过去分词作宾语补足语,表示和宾语之间是被动关系。例如:
He is going to have his hair cut. 他打算剪头发。
(4)作表语:
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态,例如:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
三、例题精析
【例题1】
【2017年北京,27】Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time______(spend) with his students.
【答案】spent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词spend 与time之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。
【例题2】
【2016年课标I】A TV show in the 1980s, when I was the first reporter ______(permit) to film a special unit caring fro pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted
【解析】reporter 与permit之间是被动关系,所以填过去分词作定语。
【例题3】
【2016年浙江,1】-Are you sure you’ re ready for the test?
-No problem. I am well ______(prepare) for it.
【答案】prepared
【解析】根据句意可知,此处意为“准备好的,有准备的”be+过去分词充当表语。
【例题4】
【2016年北京,28】_______(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
【答案】Ordered
【解析】此题考察非谓语动词作状语的情况。逻辑主语是the books被order (订购),所
选done的形式。
【例题5】
【2015年北京卷,31】If___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:如果你被录用了,你很快会被通知到。
空格和主语you 之间是被动关系,完整形式是If you are accepted for the job, you’ll be informed soon.因空格后the job 前的介词for 可以确定本题考察是被动。因此选择D。
四、课堂运用
【基础】
1、【2015年湖南卷】24. Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands.
2、【2015年江苏卷】24. Much time _____(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
3、Children, when _____(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
4、Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car . (wash)
5、【2015年陕西,18】back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother____(take) good care of at home.
【巩固】
6、【2015 年新课标I】A study of travelers ______(conduct) by the website names Yang shuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
7、【2015 年新课标II】The adobe dwellings ______(build) by the Pueblo Indians of American southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
8、The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ (return) to our shop for quality problems.