大学英语英语修辞简介2

4)Idiomatic or proverbial metaphor

Eg:

It is only a castle in the air.
5) Condensed metaphor

Eg: 1.a rain of kisses / a sea of flowers 2. I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
Introduction to English Figures of Speech
Contents
1.喻类修辞 2.代类修辞 3.对照并列类修辞 4.声音类修辞
1.喻类修辞
1.
Simile 2. Metaphor 3. Personification 4. Transferred epithet
2. He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.
3. Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.


2. Metaphor（暗喻）

Definition: A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used one thing is applied to anther.
1)Nominal metaphor
Eg: 1. Time is money.

2. The news is a dagger to his heart.
2)Verbal metaphor
Eg: 1.The electricity failure paralyzed the train service.
Synecdoche:
5.the name of material for the thing made eg: 1) Do you have any coppers? 2) The prisoner was bound in irons for ten years.
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Synecdoche:
6. the individual for a class eg: 1)This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison. 2)A Whale ship was my Yale College and my Harvard. (H. Melvill: Moby Dick)
2. ---and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.
3)than 型
4. Transferred epithet（移就）

Definition: a figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really blong.

2. Synecdoche（提喻）

Definition: a figure of speech by which a part is for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made, and the individual for a class.
Personification

1. Inanimate objects or abstractions are described as human Eg: Australia is so kind, just tickle her with a hoe, and she laughs with a harvest.
3. Antonomasia（换喻）

Definition: antonomasia is a substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name.
Antonomasia



Eg: the Philosopher: Aristotle the little corporal: Napoleon the author of Paradise Lost: Milton the Scottish play: Macbeth
1. Simile(明喻)

Definition: A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.
(In dealing with simile, an additional point should be noted: the two things compared are in different kinds and are said to be similar in one respect only, and not in all ways.)
Eg: the White House the crown 1.He succeeded by the sweat of brow. 2.He is too fond of the bottle. 3.The pen is mightier than sword. 4.Have you read Shakespeare? 5.The kettle is boiling.

Eg: 1. A fool can no more see his own foolishness than he can see his ears.
2. Man cannot help craving for expression any more than birds can help singing.

2. Her hostility melted.
3)Adjectival metaphor
Eg: 1.There is no rosy prospect for him.

2. He has the microwave smile that warms another person without heat.

1.Metonomy（转喻）

Definition:a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of that of another associated with or suggested by it
Metonymy
Synecdoche:
1.a part for the whole eg: 1)They were short of hands at harvest time. 2)I will count three hundred---that’s five minutes--- and not one of you is to move a muscle.
Synecdoche:
2.the whole for the part eg: 1)England won the football game. 2)Then the surgeon cut me open and take out the appendix and stitched me up again.
transferred epithet 的两种格式：
1)修饰语+名词 eg: tragic wall; sleepless night She has expensive tastes in clothes. 2)名词+of+名词 eg:The Grape of Wrath;
2.代类修辞
1.Metonomy 2. Synecdoche 3. Antonomasia 4. Hyperbole 5. Allusion 6. Understatement
Synecdoche:
4.genus for species eg: 1)The smiling season is coming. 2) Oh, seeing him, the miserable creature fell upon his shoulder, sobbing and crying, and pointing to the fountain, where some women were stooping over the motionless bundle and moving gently about it. (Charles Dickens: A Tales of Two Cities)

1) like和as型
eg: 1.The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.
2.Use a book as a bee does flowers.
2) 虚拟句型
Eg: 1. He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez. (Earnest Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls)


6)Dead metaphor
Eg: 1. a “bottle neck”


2. When they reached the foot of the mountain, they found a running brook.
3. Personification(拟人)

Definition: a figure of speech that attributes human qualities to animals, or gives life or personality to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.

Personification


2. Inanimate objects or abstractions are addressed directly as human beings. Eg:

Oh, Mr. Moon, where do you go? To look at the lands of ice and snow. Oh, Mr. Moon, when do you sleep? All day, till stars begin to peep.
Synecdoche:
3.species for genus eg: 1)He manages to earn his bread. 2)Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youth’s sweet-scented manuscript should close! (Edward Fitzgerald)

4) and型

Eg: 1. A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.
2. Truth and roses have thorns about them.

5) 动词型

Eg: 1. He compares his genius to a lightening flash.