非谓语动词写作中的运用

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词作状语

1．动词不定式作状语

①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·高考)

由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。

②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·高考)

乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。

③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.

你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。

④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·高考)

这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟任何人都能学会使用。

[规律总结]

(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。

(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。

(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。

2．分词作状语

①One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·模拟)

一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。

②Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·一模)

因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。

③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·高考)

我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。

④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.

从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。

⑤Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.

从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。

[规律总结]

(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。

(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。

(3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。

(4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。

(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。

3．独立成分作状语

Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.

从口音判断，他是人。

Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.

考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。

[规律总结]

有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般来说

frankly speaking 坦白地说

judging from/by ... 根据……来判断

considering .../taking ... into consideration

考虑到……

to tell you the truth 说实话

seeing ... 鉴于/由于……

supposing 假设，如果

assuming 假使

given 考虑到，鉴于

provided (that ...) 如果

二、非谓语动词作宾语

①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

②He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。

③I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·高考)

在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。

④I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。

⑤I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012·高考)

在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。

[规律总结]

1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 。

此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语。

2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 。

3．be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ... for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。

4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：

forget ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth.忘记要做某事doing sth.忘记已经做过某事

regret ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做

try ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事