李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总(批判性阅读与批判性思维 译文连贯的保障)【圣才出品

李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总

第17章批判性阅读与批判性思维：译文连贯的保障

17.2运用批判性思维理解文字背后的客观事实

1.当时，农业人口和非农业人口的收入水平，被估计为相差3—6倍。而从农业人口中选举出的全国人大代表所代表的人口数则8倍于从非农业人口中选举出的代表所代表的人口数。

【原译】At that time,income differences between the agricultural and non-agricultural population were estimated at3-6times,whereas deputies to the National People’s Congress elected from the agricultural population represented a population8times the population represented by deputies elected from the non’agricultural population.

【解析】这句话看来没有什么难处，可以按结构轻易转换为英语。如果进一步思考：“从农业人口中选举出的全国人大代表所代表的人口数则8倍于从非农业人口中选举出的代表所代表的人口数”这句话是什么意思？经过调查，译者发现这句话的意思是：“如果一个非农业入口人大代表所代表的人数为1000人，那么一个农业人口代表所代表的人数为8000人！”这显然是不公平的，也是作者要指出的问题，原文使用的“而”字，应当理解为“而且”。原文的“全国人大代表前”如果加上“一个”，意思就明确多了。翻译为英语时，可以把意思进一步明确，而且“deputy”不能用复数形式。

【译文】At that time,their income differences were estimated at3-6times;more over,the agricultural and non-agricultural population were not represented in the

same proportion at the National People’s Congress:the constituency represented by one deputy elected from the agricultural population is eight times larger than the that represented by one deputy elected from the non-agricultural population.【解析】在这里，constituency的意思是the whole body of voters,or a district or population,represented by a member of parliament,etc。

【改译】…more over,the agricultural and non-agricultural population were not equally represented at the National People’s Congress:a rural constituency is eight times larger than an urban constituency.

2.The1986Childhood Vaccine Act requires patient information on vaccines,gives FDA authority to recall biologics,and authorizes civil penalties.

【译文】1986年颁布的《儿童期疫苗法》要求向患者提供疫苗信息，赋予食品与药物管理局召回生物制剂的权力，并确定了民事罚款制度。

3.我们对于苏共中央先后两次提出的宣言草案，提出了自己的意见，并且在作了相当多的原则性的重大修改后，提出自己的修改草案。

【译文】We expressed our views on the two successive drafts put forward by the CC of the CPSU and made a considerable number of major changes of principle,which we presented as our own revised draft.

【解析】汉语原文意思有些含糊。可能会有人问：既然对苏联的草案提出许多重大修改，为什么还要提出自己草案？

事实情况是，我们的草案就是经我们修改后的原苏联草案。所以，如果按字面翻译为“after

many major changes of principle had been made,we provided our own draft”就不符合客观情况。

17.3运用批判性思维分析作者的意图

1.“儿童公园是什么？我从来没听说过。”七岁的小姑娘晶晶怯生生的问老师。她是父母到杭州打工后出生的，父母一天到晚忙着卖大饼油条的生意。节假日城里的孩子能与大人外出旅游，她想都不敢想，因为那时候父母总是最忙碌的。(2003年北外翻译学院入学考试)【译文】“What’s the Children’s Park?I have never heard of it.”a7-year-old girl asked her teacher shyly.She was born after her parents migrated to Hangzhou in search of work.Now they are busy selling fast food from morning to night.She cannot imagine spending holidays away from home with her parents,as the urban children do,because her parents are most busy during that period.

【解析】“大饼和油条”难倒了不少人。出现很多种译法，如：pie and deep-fried twisted dough sticks,a kind of large flatbread and youtiao。如果翻译为拼音，读者只知道是一种东西(从搭配selling可以推测出)，也许是高档的、特殊的东西。如果翻译为a kind of large flatbread and deep-fried twisted dough sticks，读者知道是一种食品，可能极力想象这种东西是什么样子，但无法知道它的档次。这是就要问一下自己，作者写大饼油条的意图是什么，我想，作者想要表达的，不过是说她的父母在忙于料理一个小本生意，更具体一些，在卖一种普通快餐。这时，简单翻译为fast food或snacks就足以传达作者的意图，也不会分散读者的注意力，甚至可以翻译得更笼统：busy running their small business。