助动词详解及用法

助动词详解及用法

助动词（Auxiliary Verb）

助动词用来构成时态和语态。助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（does是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

情态助动词

情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better后接原形不定词。

情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。3.两个情态助动词不能连用。中文:他将能够及时完成此事。(误)He will can finish it......

基本助动词基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里

do(does, did) 的用法

（1）构成疑问句或否定句

He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

How did you know about it? 你是怎样知道这件事的。

（2）加强语气

Do come and see us. 一定来看我们。

He did tell that. 他的确告诉了此事。

（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。

-You like popular music, don‘t you? 你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？-Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

(4) 构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

have(has, had, having)的用法

（1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

他当医生十年了。He has been a doctor for 10 years.

这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。This is the place I have been longing to visit.

（2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己误了火车，我们只能等下一列。-Do we have to start work? 我们得立刻工作吗？-No. We don't have to.不，不必了

be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法

（1）be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin? 谁在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meeting.有人邀请你参加会议。

（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet? 我们要见谁呀？

I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

①-When___ we meet again?

-Maybe next time.

A: do B: does C: did D: had

②_____ you know the hot dog did not originate in the united states but in Germany?

A: Did B: Had C: do D: Were

③Bad news____ wings.

A: has B: had C: have D: has not

④____ you always carry an umbrella?

A: had B: Do C: did D: Has

⑤The letter________ typed and sent off immediately.

A: will be B: had been C: must D: right now

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