高中定语从句完整讲解

定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词（Antecedent）。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出

1.定义

定语从句，就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。

2.从句结构:包括先行词，关系词和定语。

3.关系词

（1）关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定语中作主语，宾语，定语，表语)------在句中作成分，说明后面的句子不完整。

（2）关系副词：when,where,why,(在句中作状语)-----后面的句子完整。

一．由that,who,whom作关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词指人。

1.Do you know the comerade spoke at the meeting yesterday(两者都修饰前面的

comerade).

2.This is the man(they say) is a good teacher.(这里who还做了后面they say 的宾语，

有双重身份，所以不能用that.)

3.This is the teacher I met in the street just now.(作宾语，所以可以省略)。

4.My cousin, is an engineer, went to America last week.（非限定性定语从句，不能

用that引导。）

5.先行词是he, they, those, one, ones, anyone,只能用who,不能用that.

Anyone breaks the law will be punished.

One works hard and without complain is welcome here.

6.关系代词指人的先行词（先行词指人）存在于there be 结构中用who。

Eg. There is someone is waiting for you at school gate.

7.先行词指人，关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。

Eg. This is the teacher I met in the street just now.

8.先行词指人，介词后紧随关系代词不能省略关系代词且必须用宾格，（关系代词在此时做

宾语）。

Eg. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to she could turn for help.

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn to for help.

9.在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人，关系代词作宾语，只能用whom，不能用that. Eg. He is a man with rich experience, we can learn a lot from.

10.在who 引导的定语从句中（先行词指人），后只能用that 引导的宾语从句作主语。

Eg. Who is the boy is shouting in the classroom.

11.先行词指人，在定语从句中作表语时，用that.

Eg. Li Hong is no longer the girl she was before.

12.先行词又指人又指物，在定语从句中只用that.

Eg. Watch the woman and her dog are crossing the street.

13.先行词指人，被the only, the very 等最高级或序数词修饰时，做宾语用that.

Eg. He was the only person I had invited.

14.为了平衡句子结构，有时要省略that 或who(或都省略)。

Eg. The man she likes is the one is both honest and brave.

二．先行词指物，关系代词that与which的区别。

1.一般情况可以互换

Eg. The machine can fly is plane.

2.介词+关系代词，不能用that，且不能省略which.

Eg. This is the book in she could much interest.

This is the book she could much interest in.

3.非限定性定语从句中不能用that，且不能省略which.

Eg. I will buy a book, tells about the use of English idoms.

4.先行词是that, 作宾语时用which,也可省略。

Eg. What was that you said about him.

5.先行词是all, everything,anything, nothing,much,little,few等不定代词时，关系代词用that. Eg. Everything can be done has been done.

6.先行词被all,any,every,much,little,no,only,very修饰时，用that.

Eg. Ask any question you don’t understand.

7.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词常用that.