不同类型烟草种子蛋白质、脂肪及其主要活性成分分析

不同类型烟草种子蛋白质、脂肪及其主要活性成分分析

作者：杨琼侯小东刘艳华张怀宝付秋娟张富军杜咏梅

来源：《中国烟草科学》2019年第06期

摘 ;要：為探索不同类型烟草种子开发利用的方向，以6份黄花烟草与31份红花烟草为材料，应用方差分析，比较了不同类型烟草种子粗蛋白、脂肪以及种子油脂肪酸、植物甾醇、角鲨烯的含量和组成差异。结果表明，相对于红花烟草，黄花烟草种子含有较高的粗蛋白以及较低的脂肪，不同类型红花烟草种子粗蛋白、脂肪含量也存在显著差异;黄花烟草种子蛋白质含有较高的蛋氨酸、赖氨酸及总必需氨基酸，其必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值、氨基酸比值系数分值均较高，氨基酸组成模式与FAO/WHO推荐值及与FAO鸡蛋蛋白贴近度也较高。黄花烟草种子油亚油酸、菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇含量较高，而红花烟草种子角鲨烯、胆甾醇、4-甲基-7-烯胆甾烷醇、豆甾醇、α-谷甾醇含量较高;黄花烟草与红花烟草种子油总不饱和脂肪酸、总植物甾醇含量差异不显著。综合分析，黄花烟草种子饲用价值相对较高，而红花烟草种子油用价值相对较高。

关键词：烟草种子;蛋白质;脂肪;活性成分

中图分类号：TS41+1 ;;;;;;;;;文章编号：1007-5119（2019）06-0095-08 ;;;;;DOI：

10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.06.014

Analyses of Protein， Fat and Main Active Components in the Seeds of Tobacco （Nicotiana;spp.） Types

YANG Qiong1，2， HOU Xiaodong1， LIU Yanhua1， ZHANG Huaibao1， FU Qiujuan1，

ZHANG Fujun3， DU Yongmei1*

（1.Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Agricultural Science， Qingdao 266101， China; 2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science， Beijing 100081， China; Tobacco Company， Linyi， Shandong 276000， China）

Abstract：;In order to investigate;the utilization potentials of tobacco （Nicotiana;spp.）seeds， the seeds of 6;varieties of N.;rustica;L.and 31 varieties of N. tabacum;L. were collected to study the difference in the composition and contents of crude protein， fat， fatty acid， phytosterol and squalene;among varieties with an;one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） method.;The seeds of N.;rustica;varieties contain higher crude protein and lower fat;comparing to those of

N.;tabacum;varieties. The contents of crude protein and fat;were significantly different

among;the;seeds;of N.;tabacum;varieties. The seeds of N. rustica;varieties have higher;content of Met， Lys and total essential amino acids;than those of N.tabacum， and also have a higher ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid as well as a;higher ratio coefficient of amino acids. The amino acid pattern in N. rustica;varieties is close to the FAO/WHO recommendation and has a high closeness coefficient with eggs protein;recommended by FAO. The;contents;of;linoleic acid，campesterol and β-sitosterol were obviously higher;in the seeds of N. rustica;varieties than in those of N.;tabacum;varieties， which showed an opposite pattern to;the;contents;of squalene， cholesterol，4-methyl-7-encholestyl alcohol，stigmasterol and α-sitosterol. There was no significant difference in the contents of total unsaturated fatty acid and sterol between the seeds of N. tabacum;varieties and N. rustica;varieties.;In conclusion， the seeds of N. rustica;have a;higher feed value while the seeds;of;N. tabacum;have a;higher fat;value.

Keywords：;tobacco seeds; protein; fat; active components

烟草属于茄科（Solanaceae）烟草属（Nicotiana），草本植物，目前烟草属主要栽培种为红花（普通）烟草和黄花烟草。根据品质特点、生物学性状、调制措施的差异，红花烟草又分为烤烟、晾晒烟、雪茄烟、香料烟以及白肋烟[1]。烟草不仅可以作为卷烟原料，其在医药、食品、植物源农药等方向也具有独特的利用价值[2-3]。因此，在世界控烟运动压力下，寻找烟草

替代用途是烟草科研工作者研究的热点[4]。

烟草种子含有丰富的脂肪及蛋白质等营养物质且不含烟碱[5]，其精炼油的理化性质接近大部分食用油，但营养品质很高，甚至优于花生油及棉籽油等常见食用油，且国外有将精炼烟草种子油作为食用沙拉油的报道[6-7]。侯小东等[8]研究表明，烟草种子油具有降脂、降血糖、保护肝脏等功能，并且没有毒性及致突变作用;ROSSI等[9]研究发现烟草种子蛋白质可用作断奶期猪仔的口服疫苗，将其以4%的比例添加到猪仔饲料中，可满足断奶期猪仔营养需求且不会影响猪仔的适口性及健康状况;POPOVA等[10]研究发现，花烟草、红花烟草及黄花烟草种子中含有