完整word版括号法解决长难句

括号法解决长难句

？“三长两短一并列”一、什么是

例句1：我是Lilian。I am Lilian. （主系表）

例句2：我教英语。I teach English. （主谓宾）

例句3：我是来自重庆的Lilian。I am Lilian from Chongqing.

例句4：我在希来学园教英语。I teach English at Xilai.

例句5：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,

I returned to my office.

(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the

afternoon), I returned (to my office).

英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分，称为“三长两短”。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素，再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“平行并列结构”，统称为“三长两短一并列”

句子主干部分：英语中的五大基本句型(1)

主语+谓语I come.

主语+谓语+宾语I learn English.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语You teach us English.

主语+谓语+宾语+补语You make me happy.

主语+系动词+表语English is interesting.

句子修饰成分：“三长两短”(2)

“两短”：形容词、副词

“三长”：介词短语、从句、非谓语

(3)一并列——平行并列结构

由“并列词”and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only..., but also.../ both... and.../ either...or.../ neither... nor...等,

将两个或两个以上“含义相似，结构相同”的“并列项”连接起来构成的结构。简记为“A and B”或“A, B

and C”。

二用括号法解决长难

Step 1. 预处理

给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”（and, or, but, as well as等）加方框，给“并列项”（A和B）加下划线

(1) 标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。

(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon),

I returned (to my office).

(2) 标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。

①到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (who teaches English).

②到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.

③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.

(to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止) ④到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.

(3) 标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing) 或分词(现在分词doing或

过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。

①到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (teaching English).

②到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.

③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience.

(to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)

④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.

(4)标记平行并列结构

原则上，只要是“含义相似，结构相同”的东西都能并列，所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多，读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。如：

①名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.

②形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.

③副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.

④谓语动词并列：With the Internet, we can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.

⑤介词短语并列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish

from the earth.

⑥从句并列：I've f inished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last

month).

⑦非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.

⑧整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.

注1：先找B，后找A A和B结构相同，含义相似

I like the box (on the desk) and the flowers (in your hand) ( which you promised) (to give

me).

注2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，果断结束掉上一修饰成分，不管上一成分本身结束了没。

Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of