非谓语动词语法讲解

? 1.Swimming is his favourite sport. (作主语） ? 2.He enjoys swimming. (作宾语） ? 3.I found him swimming in the river. (作宾补） ? 4.His favourite sport is swimming. (作表语） ? 5.He is the man swimming in the river just
inf 完成式:(先与谓语动词之 to have made
前发生)
进行式:(在谓语动词动作 to be making 发生时正在进行)
被动语态 主动语态
being made going
having been made (不作定语）
having gone (不作定语）
made( 表被动） gone( 表完成）
now. (作定语） ? 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.
(作状语）
?1.This cup is broken. (作表语 ?2.This is a broken cup. (作表语） ?3.I found the cup broken. (作宾语补足语） ?4.Broken by Tom, the cup can't be
? 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）
▲B.在语态上， ing 分词表“主动”， ed分词表“被动”
（多为及物动词）
? 1.I saw him writing a short novel.
=that he was writing a short novel.
过去 × × 分词
××
动句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足
语、表语、定语、状语等 .
? 1.To see you is glad.
=It's glad to see you.
（作主语）
? 2.I want to see you.
(作宾语）
? 3.I want him to see you. （作宾补）
非谓语动词
语法讲解
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：
及物与不及物
vt.
vi.
类别
ing
语态 主动语态
时态
一般式:(与谓语动词同时 making 发生)
完成式:(先与谓语动词之 having made
前发生)
(不作定语）
ed
只有一般式:(不强调时间 先后，只说明原因、条
×
件等)
一般式:(与谓语动词(几 to make 乎)同时发生)
The platform which has been built will be used
语
to perform on. √
? 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
to be made to go
to have been made
×
to have gone to be going
2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份
成份 主 宾 表 定 宾
状
语
类别 语 语 语 语 补 时 条 原 目 结 方 让 伴
间 件因 的 果 式 步 随
不定 式
×
××
现在 × × 分词
××
? 4.My hope is to see you. (作表语）
? 5.He is the man to see you. （作定语）
? 6.I'm glad to see you.
（作原因状语）
? 7.I went to see you.
（作目的状语）
? 8.He went so early as to see you （作结果状语）
needs repairing.
语
D.▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后） ;Being ed+ 主句（强调 主句和从句动作同时发生） ;Having been ed+ 主句（强 调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用 ed,一般式来代替 .
? ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.
? 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.
=which was written by Charles Dichens.
▲在概念上， ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“ 具体、偶 然、将来” . *Swimming (抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming( 习惯）every day, but I don't like to swim( 具
used. (作状语） ?★过去分词一般不 作主语、宾语.
? 3.分词的用法比较
? A.在时态上
ing 分词表“进行” ed分词表“完成”
? 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing.
? 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.
体）today, I would like to swim( 将来）tomorrow .
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只
能用作状语.
? The platform having been built will be used to
perform on. ×
作
? 1.The platform built will be used to perform on . √ 定
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read
? 2. Being used by me now,the bike can't be lent to you.
? 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.