否定事实信息题讲义

题型四negative factual information question（否定事实信息题）

OG介绍

These questions ask you to verify what information is true and what information is NOT true or not included in the passage based on information that is explicitly stated in the passage. To answer

this kind of question, first locate the relevant information in the vt.核实that three of the four answer choices are true and that the remaining choice is false. Remember, for this type of question, the correct answer is the one that is NOT true.

一、题干内容

根据题干提问，通过对原文细节的理解来回答，选出不符合原文或原文未提到的选项。

常见形式：与事实信息题相同，且有明显标志：NOT TRUE, EXCEPT等表否定和排除

的词。

即：

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

二、解题的步骤及技巧

考点：关键词定位，排除法。

步骤：

•仔细审题，找关键词，回原文定位，

•查找选项中的关键词，再定位，

•前后两个定位的内容符合选项内容了，则将选项排除，由此选出正确选项。

技巧：

1、审题技巧

否定事实信息题题干中的关键词比事实信息题的关键词更明显，通常是名词，内容可

能是概念、原因、地点、时间等等，回文中不仅要注意名词本身，还要注意对应的标志词。标志词附近都埋伏着出题点。

2、解题技巧

结合选项中的关键词，并找标志词所涉内容是否对应即可达到题目目的。

选项设置：

1、错误选项的特点：

对原文的同义改写。

2、正确选项的特点：

1) 对原文断章取义

2) 与原文意思相反

3) 与文意思无关

三、例题讲解

例题一：

TPO 03-1

Paragraph 1: Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes.Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visual arts,architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.

According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:

○Architecture is visual art.

○Architecture reflects the cultural values of its creators.

○Architecture has both artistic and scientific dimensions. n.规模大小方面

○Architecture has an indirect a.间接的 effect on life.

不要直接看选项

例题二：

TPO 03-3

Paragraph 1: Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time.The first community in a succession is called a pioneer n.先锋 community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative a. 积累的.Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

○They occur at the end of a succession.

○They last longer than any other type of community.

○The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change.

○They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

例题三：

TPO 01-1

Paragraph 3: The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.