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第6课欧盟的发展

Economic Trouble Cloud New Market’s Future

经济问题使新市场前景阴暗

By Howard Lafranchi

Staff Writer of The Christian Science Monitor When the European Community’s vast single market officially takes effect on Jan.1, there will be no balloons and brass bands, and holiday fliers between EC cities will still face passport checks at airports.Europeans will wake up new year’s day with the same 10 per cent unemployment and doubts about European unity.

当欧洲共同体的统一大市场在1月1日正式启动的时候，不会有气球与军乐队，并且在欧共体的城市间乘飞机度假的人依然将面临在机场的护照检查。新年第一天欧洲人醒来将依然面临着10％的失业率和对欧洲统一的怀疑。

“There won’t be the big bang some might have expected,” says Ricardo Perissich, Ecdirector-general for the single market.

“不会有一些人可能期待的翻天覆地的变化，”欧共体负责单一市场的秘书长里卡多·佩里西齐说。

Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have let to some of history’s bloodiest wars.Moreover, a fa ilure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.

然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲似乎忽视了欧共体统一市场这一具有革命性意义的步伐，因为统一市场是创立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市场，而在过去几个世纪欧洲经济纷争曾经导致了人类历史上最为血腥的战争。另外某些观察人士表示，如果无法通过推进欧洲一体化来加强统一市场，那将已经取得的市场一体化成果就可能付诸东流。

“The single market is central to the community’s progress, but it is by no means certain that it could stand alone,” says one senior EC official here, “if the political will to continue moving forward fails, we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we’ve accomplished.”

“统一市场是欧共体进程的核心环节，但统一市场不能孤立的存在”，一位欧共体高级官员表示，“如果丧失了继续前进的政治意愿，那么联盟就会出现更多的紧张因素，最终将影响我们已经取得的成绩。”

The EC’s languishing M aastricht Treaty for deeper political and economic integration is the obvious example cited.Without the prospect of a single European currency, as called for in Maastricht, the single market risks experiencing more of the damaging monetary instability of the past few months, some analysts note.And without the promise of deeper political integration, those EC countries looking for more than a glorified free-trade zone could tire of the single market’s free-market philosophy.

其中旨在加深欧洲政治经济一体化的《马斯特里赫特条约》的久拖不决就是欧洲各国缺乏政治意愿的明显例证。某些分析人士表示，如果《马斯特里赫特条约》

所倡导的统一欧洲货币无法落实，那么过去几个月在欧洲统一市场发生的货币格局动荡就会在未来重演。如果缺乏加深政治合作的决心，那么那些希望欧洲不仅能组建经济联盟而且也能组建政治同盟的国家就会对老生常谈的自由市场理念感到厌倦。

As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges.“It’s wo rth remembering that a majority of the questions asked during the debate in France on the Maastricht referendum actually had nothing to do with Maastricht at all, but with measures already taken under the single market.” says Perissich.“We are not safely b eyond a backlash against the new world of competition.”

由于欧洲的经济已经恶化，欧洲大部分地区都不熟悉的自由市场思想将面临新的挑战。“值得记住的是，在法国的讨论会期间被问及的关于马斯特里赫特条约的公民复决权的大部分问题实际上与马斯特里赫特条约没有任何关系，而是与统一大市场下已经采取的措施有关系。”佩里西齐说。“出现大规模抵制新竞争世界的风险依然存在。”

If Europeans aren’t bursting to give the single ma rket a coming-out party, it may simple be that markets aren’t the kinds of things people gush about, as EC commission president Jacques Delors has often noted.The fact that free movement of people—an aspect of the market that will be most evident to the average person—is not yet a reality also plays a role.

欧共体委员会主席雅克·德洛尔斯经常说，如果欧洲人并不对统一市场欢呼雀跃，那么市场并不是欧洲人民的最终期待。比如统一市场应包含的且对普通个人更具意义的自由迁徙权至今尚未实现，这也可能是欧洲人对统一市场并不激动的原因。

Another explanation is that many of the market’s original 282 directives have already been implemented.

另一个原因是统一市场所包含的282项行动纲领中许多其实都早已实施。

“By Jan.1 we will have passed 95 per cent of what sought in 1986 to create the single market, and much of that will already have been translated into national law,” says Perissich.“Adjustment to the market has been going on for years and won’t be expected over-night.”

“到1月1日，我们曾在1986年谋划统一市场时规划内容中的95%都已经落实，并且大多数已被设立为各国法律，”佩里西齐说，“统一市场的建设已经持续多年，它并非是发生在一夜之间。”

But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.

但或许欧洲人对统一市场缺乏热情的主要原因还是笼罩在欧洲上空的黑暗的经济乌云。建设统一大市场的基本理由是它能够创造更大的繁荣，但统一市场推出之时却正是近年来欧洲经济最为低迷之际。

“We’re going to wind up 1992 with just about the same level of unemployed—nearly 10 per cent community wide—that we had before this project,” says an aide to Mr.Delors.In addition, economic growth is skidding to an anticipated 1 per cent next