定语从句学生版

定语从句

【温故知新】在英语中，定语用来修饰名词。定语可以由形容词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语来担任。例：The beautiful girl is Kate.

The first girl is Kate.

The shouting girl is Kate.

The girl to be late is Kate.

The girl behind the tree is Kate.

【横空出世】如果将以上形式替换成句子，就变成了定语从句。

例：The girl who is shouting is Kate. ---> The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

【结构特点】

定义(1) 定语从句：

在复合句中，起__________作用的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词的后面。

(2) 先行词：

被__________修饰的词。―先行词‖可以为词，短语，或整个主句，一般为名词或代词。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫__________，分为__________和__________。

例句：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

关系词？

【Generally】关系词分成关系代词和关系副词。

（1）关系代词有：who, whom, which, that, whose 和as。

（2）关系副词有：where, when 和why.

【Attention】关系词引出从句！

代词！就是在句子中一定要代替句子中不可或缺的成分。【句子不完整】

副词低一级别，只能起个辅助作用，所以句子中必要成分必须完成。【句子完整】

【例句分析】

1. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

2. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke ---I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

3. All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

4. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

5. David was one the most helpful students that we ever had.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

6. In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese Culture.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

7. Most of his students whom he taught have become his friends.

主句____________________，从句____________________。

先行词__________。

关系词__________，在从句中充当什么成分__________。

关系词的选用

一、简单句合并把两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。

例：1. The girl is Kate. The girl is shouting.

The girl who is shouting is Kate.

【练一练】合并句子

1. This is the school. I studied in this school five years ago.

2. In this school there are about 30 foreign students. The foreign students have come to study the Chinese language.

3. These students like the school very much. Their parents have come to China for business.

4. The teaching building looks nice. The building was put up last year.

5. The man is the headmaster. The man is standing in front of the school library.

6. Next to him stands a girl. The girl‘s name is Tina.

7. Tina likes reading the novels. The novels are written by Charles Dickens.

8. The club meets in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. The members of the club are music fans.

9. Jack Chan is successful now. Life had once been very hard for him.

二、英汉互译

（一）英译中（将下列句子翻译成中文）

1. We still remember the days that we spent together in childhood.

2. This is the hotel which they stayed in last night.

3. I met Tom in the museum yesterday afternoon who was showing some friends around the museum.

4. We spent last spring in Hangzhou which is a very beautiful city and where there are a lot of places of interests, such as Xihu Lake.

5. He made a hole in the wall where he can see what happened in the room.

6. Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives when everything seems tough.

【练一练】

1. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

2. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

3. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

4. Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.

5. Do you know the man _______ I spoke to?

6. This is the hotel _______ they stayed last month.

7. This is one of the best films that _______ (show) this year.

8. This is the only one of the best films that _______ (show) this year.

9. Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

10. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.