what引导名词性从句的五种用法

what引导名词性从句的五种用法(高考语法要点)

注意：请你在what引导的从句下面划线，并指出其充当的成分。

一、用法归纳

1. 表示“……的东西或事情”相当于the things that…：例如：

They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力协助了她。

He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。

What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。

2. 表示“……的人或的样子”相当于the person that…。如：

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。

He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？

3. 表示“……的数量或数目”相当于the amount/number that…。如：：

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。

The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。

4. 表示“……的时间”相当于the time that…例如：

After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。

5. 表示“……的地方”相当于the place that…。如：

This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.

现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部以前是一个文明世界。

二、用法说明

(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：

你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。

正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.

误：You can have everything what you like.

(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：

I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。

He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

(3) What 后的名词能够是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：

误：I gave him what book I had.

(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：

I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。

I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。

专项练习题

1. ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 )

A. What

B. That

C. How

D. Where

2. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule：Always give the money exactly ___he wants.

A.when

B. which

C. that

D. what

3. Tom is greatly different from ________ he was when he was young.

A.how

B. what

C. where

D. that

4.The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to_______was eaten.

A. Which

B. it

C. what

D. that

5.________ is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.

A. Whichever is hard

B. No matter what is hard

C. What is hard

D. All what is hard

6. Do you know ________

A. what is this used for

B. what this is used for

C. which this is used

D. that this is used for

7. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.

A. That…that you had expected

B. What …that you had expected

C. That…what you had expected

D. What…what you had expected

8. He said that he was fond of ________.

A. what beautiful is

B. beautiful is what

C. what is beautiful

D. what it is beautiful

9. The poor young man is ready to accept _______ help he can get.

A. whatever

B. however

C.whichever

D. whenever

10. We gave him ________ help we could.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. This

11. Now we can see _____ problem the population is .

A. a what serious

B. such serious a

C. how serious a

D. so a serious

12.We know little about the young lady except________you told me.

A.what

B.that

C.when

D.不填

13.I know nothing about her except________she is from Canada.

A.how

B.when

C.that

D.why

14. ---Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer?

---I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is.

A.what

B. which

C. how

D. where

15. Thinking _______ you know _______ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.

A. that; that

B. what; what

C. that; what

D. what; that

16. Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as

B. which

C.That

D. what

17. People are trying hard to protect and record ______ is left of the Aboriginal（土著居民的）language.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. all

18. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.

A. in that

B. in what

C. from what

D. from which

19. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. How

20. Mary：Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.

Carol：Yes. Because she's always saved ________.

A.what little she earns

B. how little she earns

C. for little she earns

D. with little she earns