day 10定语从句

定语从句[1]

一、基础知识

●定义：在句中充当定语功能的句子。(因其在句子中的作用相当于形容词，因此也

被称作形容词性从句)

●功能：修饰名词，代词或者整个句子。

●基本概念

◆先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词

◆关系词：引导定语从句的词。根据其在从句中的功能分为关系代词和关系

副词。其中，关代可充当主、宾、表、定等功能，而关副作状语。[千万

不要想当然把他们翻译成谁；那；哪；哪里等含义]

●限制性定语从句：用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词关系极其密切，若去掉，易

造成意思含混不清

●非限制性定语从句：起补充附带说明的作用，去掉一般不影响对全局的理解，常

用逗号与主句隔开

●得分关键：准确判断一个句子是否属于定语从句，然，则根据从句中缺少什么成

分正确选择关系词。

二、关系代词

●定义：用来引导定语从句，并且在从句中充当主、宾、表、定等句法功能的代词。

主要有who.whom,whose,that,which,as等

●作用：代替先行词；连接先行词与从句；在从句中作句子成分

●具体用法及区别：

●who/whom：二者都指人，who在从句中作主、宾(但不能直接作介宾)、表语；

whom作宾、表语。who在做宾语时一般可用whom代替

⏹People who smoke too much often die at a young age.

⏹He is the last person who/whom I want to meet

⏹I’m not the kind of person on whom you can depend.

●whose：可指人，可指物，在定语从句中作定语.

⏹You are the one whose advice he might listen to.

⏹I’d like a room whose window can look out over the sea.

●which：一般指物，有时指代一个句子；在句中一般做主语、宾语，偶尔做定语

⏹The river which runs through my house smells terrible after being polluted.

⏹He spent 6years in CQ during which time he lost all his wealth.

●that：指人或物；在句中作主、宾语。但不可直接作介词宾语(借助which、whom)

⏹The class that I’m attending is very boring.

⏹The handsome boy that is in red is our monitor.

介词+关系代词结构

●有时定从中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词结构。此时关系代

词只能用whom(指人),which(指物),whose(指人或指物，表所属关系)[注:此种结构有时可以用关系副词替代]

⏹This is the company in which(where) I used to work.

●名词/代词+介词+关系代词：some/a few/several/many/most/more…+which/whom…

结构

⏹Here are the questions,some of which are brought up for the first time ever.

●介词的确定方法：【了解即可，做题时参考】

⏹依据从句中动词搭配选择

⏹I bought a lot of books, on which I spent all my money.

⏹依据先行词的习惯搭配选择、

⏹I will never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in my country.

⏹依据整个句子所表达意思确定(废话)

⏹The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.(氧气)

●关系代词的省略：关系代词在从句中只要不做主语和直接作介词宾语，一般都可

以省略。但是非限制性定语从句中不可省略。

⏹English is the subject (that/which)I hate most

三、关系副词

●定义：引导定语从句并且在从句中作状语的副词。常用的有where、when、why、

that(有争议).

●作用：代替先行词[不完全代替]；连接先行词与从句；在从句中作句子成分(非基

本成分)

●具体用法：

⏹where：代替表地点的先行词并且在从句中作地点状语的副词.常可用in which；

on which; at which; to which等代替

⏹I will never forget the place where(in which) we met with each other

for the first time.

⏹when:代替表时间的先行词并且在从句中作时间状语的副词.常可用on which,in

which, at which, during which.等代替

◆I will never forget the days when(on which) we worked on the farm.

⏹why:用来代替先行词(reason)并且在从句中作原因状语的副词。一般相当于for

which。[注：why引导定语从句先行词只能是reason，但是绝不意味着在其他

从句中reason后只能用why.甚至在定语从句中先行词是reason时也不一定用

why]

⏹Can you tell me the reason why(for which) you were late for class this morning.

⏹that(有争议)：引导表方式、时间或地点的先行词的词.在从句中不作任何成分,

只起连接作用.

◆He told me the way(that=in which) I can deal with the problem

◆He told me how I can deal with the problem.[宾语从句]

●关系副词的省略：只要不影响句意的完整或者造成句意混淆且是限制性定语从句

中的关系副词皆可省略

五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：

●定义：参见基础知识部分

⏹ A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.[限]

⏹Yesterday James left for Beijing，where he had stayed for two years.

●注：

⏹当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，通常使用非限制性定语从句。

◆She said that she had been admitted(录取) by Tsinghua University，which I

can’t believe.

◆As most people know,Fujian is famous for tea.

⏹当出现some/many/a few/most/much/little of which/whom结构时，通常使用非限

制性定语从句.

◆I have 3 cars, two of which has broken.

⏹限制性定语从句一般翻译为前置定语“……的”；非限制性定语从句一般翻

译为并列的两句话.

⏹that一定不能引导非限制性定语从句.

●六、特殊形式的定语从句：

●The days are gone when we lived together,worked together and played together.[分隔式

定语从句]

●The girl knows 3 foreign languages, which I think[插入语] will make it easier for her to

find a good job.[混杂式定语从句]

●I’ll never forget the moment when I first met her and which makes me always feel

happy.[多重定语从句]