04第三章(上) IntroductionToSafetyEngineering《安全学原理》
新工人中英文安全培训教材
新工人中英文安全培训教材Chapter 1: Introduction to Workplace Safety工作场所安全介绍In today's fast-paced and dynamic work environments, ensuring the safety of all employees, particularly new workers, has become a crucial aspect of any organization. This training manual aims to provide comprehensive guidance and education on workplace safety measures for new workers, both in Chinese and English.Chapter 2: Understanding Occupational Hazards了解职业风险Section 2.1: Common Occupational Hazards常见职业风险- Falls from Heights高处坠落- Electrical Hazards电器危险- Hazardous Substances危险物质- Fire and Explosions火灾和爆炸事故Section 2.2: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)个人防护装备- Head Protection头部保护- Eye and Face Protection眼部和面部保护- Hearing Protection听力保护- Respiratory Protection呼吸系统保护- Hand Protection手部保护Chapter 3: Emergency Preparedness and Response 应急准备和响应Section 3.1: Emergency Procedures应急程序- Evacuation Plans- Fire Safety Procedures火灾安全程序- First Aid Procedures急救程序Section 3.2: Reporting Incidents and Near Misses事故和几乎发生的事故的报告Chapter 4: Safe Operation of Machinery and Equipment机械和设备的安全操作Section 4.1: Lockout/Tagout Procedures停电锁定/标记程序Section 4.2: Machine Guarding设备防护Section 4.3: Safe Lifting and Manual Handling安全起重和手工搬运Chapter 5: Worksite Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 工地危害鉴定和风险评估Section 5.1: Hazard IdentificationSection 5.2: Risk Assessment Process风险评估流程Chapter 6: Safety Communication and Reporting安全沟通和报告Section 6.1: Safety Meetings and Toolbox Talks安全会议和工具箱谈话Section 6.2: Near Miss Reporting几乎发生事故的报告Chapter 7: Safety Culture and Personal Responsibility 安全文化和个人责任Section 7.1: Promoting a Safety Culture促进安全文化Section 7.2: Individual Responsibility for Safety个人对安全的责任Chapter 8: Conclusion结论The safety and well-being of all workers are of paramount importance in any organization. By following the guidelines presented in this training manual and actively engaging in safety practices, both employers and new workers can contribute to fostering a safe and secure work environment.Note: The above content is a sample structure for the requested 1000-word article. Please provide specific details or topics to further develop the content accordingly.。
安全工程师英文求职信范文
Dear Hiring Manager,I am writing to express my interest in the Safety Engineer position at your company, as advertised in (where you found the job posting). With a solid background in safety engineering and a proven track record of success in ensuring a safe and healthy work environment, I am confident in my ability to contribute to the safety and success of your organization.I hold a Bachelor's degree in Safety Engineering from (name of university) and have since gained valuable experience working as aSafety Engineer at (name of company). In my current role, I am responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining safety programs that comply with regulatory requirements and meet industry standards. I have successfully led safety training sessions, conducted risk assessments, and developed safety policies and procedures that have resulted in a significant improvement in our company's safety performance.One of the key strengths I bring to the table is my ability toeffectively communicate with employees at all levels of the organization.I have experience in creating and delivering training programs that are both engaging and informative, and I have successfully fostered aculture of safety awareness and responsibility among my colleagues. I am also skilled in conducting incident investigations and root cause analysis to identify and address potential hazards in the workplace.In addition to my technical expertise, I am a strong leader and team player. I have experience in collaborating with cross-functional teamsto develop and implement safety initiatives, and I am comfortableworking in fast-paced environments where priorities may change frequently. I am also adept at managing multiple projects simultaneously and am able to prioritize tasks effectively to ensure that deadlines are met.I am excited about the opportunity to bring my passion for safety and my experience in the field to your company. I believe that my dedicationand commitment to ensuring a safe and healthy work environment make me astrong candidate for the Safety Engineer position at your organization.I am confident that my skills and experience will make a positive impact on your company's safety program, and I am eager to contribute to the continued success of your team.Thank you for considering my application. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experience align with the needs of your company. I have attached my resume for your review, and I look forward to the possibility of meeting with you to further discuss my qualifications.Sincerely,[Your Name]。
安全工程专业英语
Advanced Monitoring and Surveillance Systems
Utilizes cutting-edge technologies such as AI, IoT, and remote sensing to provide real-time monitoring and early warning of potential safety hazards.
English • English communication and exchange in
safety engineering
01
Overview of Safety Engineering
Definition of Safety Engineering
Safety Engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design and management of safe systems and processes within various industries. It involves the identification, assessment, and control of risks associated with the operation of machines, equipment, and processes.
Ch04_ Introduction to Probability
Slide 15
Mutually Exclusive Events
Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if the events have no sample points in common. Two events are mutually exclusive if, when one event occurs, the other cannot occur.
If we can identify all the sample points of an experiment and assign a probability to each, we can compute the probability of an event.
Slide 10
Some Basic Relationships of Probability
Slide 1
Probability as a Numerical Measure of the Likelihood of Occurrence
Increasing Likelihood of Occurrence Probability:
0
The event is very unlikely to occur.
Slide 4
A Counting Rule for Multiple-Step Experiments
Bradley Investments can be viewed as a two-step experiment. It involves two stocks, each with a set of experimental outcomes. Markley Oil: Collins Mining: Total Number of Experimental Outcomes: n1 = 4 n2 = 2
安全工程专业英语部分翻译
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions –invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化(de)广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成(de)一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题(de)过程中发明、发现或完善(de).由于以这种模式工作(de)有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确(de)方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部(de)过程中(de)问题].The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, andpatterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.译文：组织(de)安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体(de)价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式.这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理(de)责任,以及组织健康安全管理(de)形式和熟练程度.Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生(de)结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展(de)技术Safety effort 安全投入System’s life cycle 系统(de)生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理(de)规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone whohas a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成(de).对于一个有意义(de)分析,必须在有效(de)假设基础上对系统进行合理(de)、准确(de)描述.它(de)成功主要取决于进行分析(de)人所具有(de)技能与知识.只要对被研究(de)系统和用于分析(de)技术有全面(de)了解,任何人都可以进行危险分析.在实践过程中,要想获得全面而有价值(de)危险信息,必须要一些具有不同知识背景(de)人共同努力才行.System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新(de)预防事故(de)方法.它(de)概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在(de)复杂技术系统安全性(de)各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来(de).它基于这样一个思想,即所有(de)事故都是系统内大量相互作用(de)原因造成(de),理论上,各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估,并得到控制.通过在系统(de)生命周期内合理(de)应用科学(de)管理原则,系统安全工程就有望获得最佳(de)安全程度.The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified.译文：要想获得所期望(de)安全程度,所有必须做(de)工作都应编制成正式(de)计划.这些计划(de)目标就是确保系统里(de)危险被消除,或者使危险在系统生命周期内尽早(de)得到控制.系统安全计划中(de)大量具体工作在危险分析(de)过程中得以执行.通过分析提供(de)信息,负责人就能选择最安全、最有效(de)方式来控制被识别出来(de)危险.Unit 3 The ergonomics Processergonomics process 人机工程过程MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(经脉), Ligaments(韧带 ), Joints）由肌肉组织或神经系统引起(de)伤害或疾病Upper echelons 上层、高层hourly employee 钟点工Job sites 工地Ergonomics committee 人机工程委员会Medical management 医疗管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼紧张性刺激Ergonomics input 人机工程投入Management commitment 管理承诺/行为Manufacturing engineers 制造业工程师Plant manager 工厂经理Process engineer 生产工程师Human resource manager 人力资源经理Safety manager 安全经理Sub-committee 分委员会Overseeing body 监督主体low back disorder 腰部疾病Active and passive surveillance 主动和被动监督Job stressors 工作压力源Follow-up 后续工作Ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识Follows through 实现,把…进行到底Chain of command 指挥链Hit list 黑名单You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazardidentification.你必须对危险辨识过程中得到(de)结果进行评估,并决定在实际危险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施.当你不把一个已被报告(de)危险当做一个实际存在(de)危险时,你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告(de)危险当做一个真正(de)危险,并解释原因.这将确保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作.Unit 4 Hazard identificationHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行(de)过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system 通风系统Budgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation 事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本(de) Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除This approach to hazard identification does not require that someonewith special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.这种危险辨识(de)方法不需要经过特需训练(de)人来执行.通常经过一个简短(de)问卷调查就能完成.在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康(de)地方,这种危险辨识方法能起到很好(de)作用.这个过程中最耗时(de)部分就是对识别(de)潜在(de)危险进行分析评估和反馈.赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在(de)危险进行管理(de)权利是必须(de).Unit 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产,留给后人(de)东西In practice 在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system 监管体系Review phase 审查阶段Specific objective 特殊目标Corrective action 纠正措施Be central to 极为重要Systematic approach 系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked 相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element 详细计划Mandatory 强制(de)Arise from 由...引起Strategic objective 战略目标Commercial pressure 商业压力Principal contractor 总承包商Hybrid method 混合方法Market-based 基于市场(de) Formalised prescription 正式(de)法规/规定Mandated principle 明文规定(de)原则Stem from 起源于,来自于Regulatory framework 规章制度European Union Framework Directive 欧盟框架指令All-encompassing approach 包罗万象(de)方法Sparingly 少量(de)Home grown 国产(de)/自己制定Chamber of Commerce and Industry 工商会/工商联Framing 编制/制定Emergency planning 应急计划Planning and accountability 计划与职责Managerialist and participative models 经理主导模式和参与模式bureaucratic model 官僚模式Top down 由上而下Trace to 追溯到Empirical test 经验实验Mutually exclusive 相互排斥(de)Quality levels 质量标准Expand upon 详述/进一步阐述Level of achievement 成就水平Performance level 执行标准Graduating up 逐渐变化At the behest of 在...命令/要求下Set out 阐述、陈列Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.相反,一个可选择来使用(de)“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统理论,该理论强调组织干预,这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参与者(de)定位及组织结构之间(de)相互关系进行分析(de)基础上(de).So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards Are they implemented at the behest of management or external OHS authorities Are objectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple stakeholders Are they at an early or established stage of development; and which of several different configurationsof control strategy and management structure/style is adopted 到目前为止,我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性(de)特征,这些特征与执行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关.这种多样性(de)变化非常重要,因为它对OHSMS性能(de)评价和测量有影响.对一个体系(de)某种特征适合(de)方法可能对另一个特征不合适.OHSMS有效性(de)评价需要考虑到底期望这个体系来干什么它们满足复杂(de)体系呢还是只是一个简单(de)设计标准它们是不是在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士(de)要求下被执行(de)它们(de)目标是这种简单(de)（比如减少直接(de)时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机构满意它们是在处于形成(de)早期还是在建立时期采取哪一种不同控制策略(de)形态和管理结构/形式Unit 6 Industrial HygieneIndustrial hygiene 工业卫生Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害Nonionizing radiation 非电离辐射Adverse effects 副作用、坏(de)影响Loud noise 嘈杂(de)声音Chemical bum 化学烧伤Live electrical circuits 带电电路Confined space 密闭空间Hearing loss 听力丧失Physical or mental disturbance 身体或精神障碍Annoyance 烦恼Grinder 砂轮机Power tools 电动工具Narrow band noise 窄带噪声Impulse 脉冲Sound level meter 噪声计Threshold of pain 痛觉阈Jet engine 喷气式发动机Time-weighted average 时间加权平均Snap 捻手指(de)声音Heat stress 热威胁、热应力Extremity 四肢Shivering 颤抖Hard labor 辛苦工作Fatigued 疲乏(de)Living tissue 活组织Plastic sealer 塑料密封机Biological Hazards 生物危害Mold 霉菌Potable water 饮用水Sewage 污水Physical contact 身体接触Allergic reaction 过敏反应Insect scale 介壳虫Severe pain 剧烈(de)疼痛Manual handling 手工处理Disk injuries 椎间盘伤害Airborne 空中(de)On a daily basis 每天Hazard Communications Standard 危害通识规定Stipulation 规定、条款Trade name 商标名Hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢Chemical asphyxiant 化学窒息物质Central nervous system 中枢神经系统Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the commun ity”.工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力(de)科学与技术,这些压力产生或来自于工作场所,能够造成疾病、损害人们(de)幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民(de)工作效率不高,并使他们感觉到很不舒服”.Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.当噪音导致暂时或永久(de)听力丧失,使身体或精神发生紊乱,对语言交流产生干扰,或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时,它是一种非常严重(de)危害.噪音是任何不被期望(de)声音,它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息(de)声音.它干扰人们对正常声音(de)辨别,可能是有害(de),能使人烦恼,并（或）干扰人们说话.Unit 9 Accident InvestigationAccident Investigation 事故调查After-the-fact 事实背后(de) Take an investigation 进行调查Fact-finding process 寻找事实(de)过程Insurance carrier 保险公司/承保人Place blame 推卸责任Permanent total disability 永久全部劳动力丧失For simplicity 为简单起见Accident prevention 事故预防Investigative procedures 调查过程Fact finding 寻找事实Operating procedures flow diagrams 操作过程流程图Maintenance chart 维修图表Bound notebook 活页笔记本Physical or chemical law 物理或化学定律Table of contents 目录Narrative 叙事(de)Counter-measure 干预措施Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据,从证人、旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息,在事故发生后尽快(de)找目击证人谈话,在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查,对事故场景进行拍照并绘制草图,记录与地形相关(de)所有数据,并将所有(de)报道复印保存.记录常规(de)操作流程图、维修图表或对困难、异常现象(de)报告等非常有用.在活页笔记本中完整准确(de)记录.记录事故发生前(de)环境、事故顺序及事故发生后(de)环境情况等.另外,记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源和危害物质(de)位置.Unit 10 Safety ElectricitySafety electricity 安全用电Electrical equipment 电力设备Fuse puller 保险丝夹Break contact 断开接点/触电Hot side 高压端Load side 负荷端Line side 线路/火线端Groundfault circuit interrupt 漏电保护器Ground fault 接地故障Receptacle 电源插座Hot bubs 热水澡桶Underwater lighting 水底照明Fountains 人工喷泉Ungrounded (hot)conductor 未接地(高压)导体/火线Neutral conductor 中性导体Fault current 故障电流Load center 载荷中心Panelboard 配电板Branch-circuit 分支电路CB 一种多功能插座Plug-in 插入式Electrical shock 电击/电击事故Take chance 冒险Labored 困难(de)Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动Twitching 颤搐Ventricle 心室Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术Cardiac arrest 心跳停止Heart stoppage 心脏骤停Lockout 上锁Tagout 挂牌Bypassing 回避/绕过Jammed 卡住(de)/堵塞(de) Ball valves 球形阀ANSI 美国国家标准协会Color coded 色标/彩色编码Keyed 键控制(de)Rust-resistant 防锈(de) Shackle 镣铐/钩链Kit 成套设备/装备Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information on lockout/tagout procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用(de).上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足OSHA 上锁/挂牌标准(de)组件.上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用(de)危险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相关(de)信息.无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时,在返回工作(de)时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态.Unit 11 Machinery equipment safetyMachinery Equipment Safety 机械设备安全Presses 冲床Lifting plant 起吊设备Scald 烫伤Fragmentation 破碎/爆炸Temporary staff 临时人员Dumper truck 翻斗车Power presses 压力机Lift truck 升降式装卸车Elevating work platform 升降台CE marked CE认证标志Subcontractor 中间商/转包商Interlocked guard 联锁保护装置Jig 模具Push stick 推杆Competent person 能胜任安全工作(de)人Working order 正常运转状态Brake function 制动功能Enter a contract 签订合同Power pressure 冲床Gearbox 变速箱Chock 用垫木垫阻Hot work 高温作业Cutting/welding torch 切割火炬/气焊喷灯Retract 缩回/缩进Gang or radial drills 排式钻机/摇臂钻床Lathes 车床Turret 转台Flying chips 飞屑Coolant 冷却剂Chuck wrench 卡盘扳手Milling machine 磨削机Toll cutter 刀具Grinding machine 研磨机Peripheral 外围(de)Unit 12 Accident analysis in constructionConstruction work 建筑工程Ill-health 不健康Set out 陈述/阐明Roof work 屋顶工作Erection 安装/架设Safety hazard 安全隐患Monetary incentive 金钱鼓励Regulatory agency 管理机构Guard rail 防护围栏Working platform 工作平台Rooflight sheet 采光屋面板Close-boarded 鱼鳞板Rough terrain 不平地形Undulating ground 起伏地roofer 盖屋顶(de)人Asbestos cement 石棉水泥Excavation 挖掘Groundwork 基础工作Spoil heap 废物堆Fenced off 用栏栅隔开Natural ventilation 自然通风Dense concrete 密实混凝土Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured during lifting operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机(de)轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤.更多(de)工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重(de)物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状物等）(de)时候而遭受长期(de)伤痛.Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its identificationHazardous chemical 危险化学品Physical hazard 物质危害Respiratory tract 呼吸道Digestive tract 消化道Needle stick 针刺Sensitizer 致癌物质Hepatotoxins 肝脏毒素Nephrotoxins 肾毒素Neurotoxins 神经毒素Mucous membrane 粘膜Safety hazard 安全隐患Domino effect 多米诺效应Major hazard 重大危险Tighter control 加紧控制Storage and terminal 港口转运油库码头Unit 15 Fire and ExplosionsFirefighter 消防队员Fire ground 火场Fire protection 消防Searing heat 灼热Physical explosion 物理爆炸Chemical explosion 化学爆炸Propane cylinder 丙烷钢瓶Natural gas explosion 天然气爆炸Gas main 煤气总管Oil burner 燃油炉Gas tank 气罐Structure fire 建筑火灾Rule out 排除……(de)可能性Shock wave 冲击波Peak pressure 峰值压力Cinderblock wall 渣煤空心砖Ground zero 爆心投影点Ground shock wave 地表振动波Gas meter 煤气表Control handle 控制柄Rubble 瓦砾堆Paint store 油漆店Hardware store 五金店Fire suppression system 灭火系统Truss construction 桁架结构Manhole cover 沙井盖Popping off 突然离去Bumper 缓冲器Squad 抢险队Mitigation tactics 损失减轻策略Admittedly 一般公认地/无可否认地Half measure 权宜。
安全工程专业英语教材
安全技术及工程专业英语ContentSection one (1)Mine ventilation (1)Section two (6)Methane and its control (6)Section three (17)Mine fires (17)Section four (21)Accident prevention principles (21)Section five (24)Hazard Identification (24)Section six (29)Accident Investigations (29)Section seven (34)Accident Analysis in Mine Industry (34)Section oneMine ventilationThe two purposes of mine ventilation are: (1) to answer the requirements of the law in regard to supplying a stated quantity of fresh air per minute to each man in the mine, and to dilute render harmless, and sweep away dangerous gases. In coal mines the quantity of fresh air prescribed is generally from 100 to 150cu.ft/min/man in the mine. Some mining regulation specify a maximum limit to the quantity of methane permitted in the return air of coal mines, and some limit the amount of carbon dioxide permissible in the mine air. (2) to make working conditions more comfortable for miners. If conditions of humidity and air temperature are favourable, a decide cooling effect on the men is secured by giving the proper velocity to the an current, and the efficiency of the miners is increased. Dust and fumes from explosives are also removed.Natural and artificial ventilationPress differences required to cause air flow, may be produced by natural or mechanical forces. Flow caused by unequal densities or weights of air columns in or near the openings (due mainly to temperature differences) is “natural-draft” flow, and resulting pressure-differences are “natural draft pressure”. The relatively feeble currents forming complete flow-circuits in undivided single openings, also due to equal densities, are separately termed” convection currents ”. Many metal mines and some small coal mines are ventilated by natural draft alone, which also acts in conjunction with fan pressure in mechanically-ventilated mines; Where its importance largely depends on depth of workings and mine resistance.The effect of natural conditions in creating a circulation of air in a mine is illustrated in Fig 1. It will be assumed that the temperature of the air current at any point in the mine is T1, and the outside temperature is T2. The column of air whose weight tends to produce circulation is H1 for the main shaft, and H2 for the air shaft. H2being composed of two sections, namely H a+H m. The direction in which the air will circulate and the pressure producing circulation may be derived by calculating.The difference between the weights of the two columns is the pressure in pounds per square foot that produces circulation of the air, and the direction of flow will be toward the column of lesser weight as indicated by the arrows in the figure.In mines where the natural ventilation pressure is inadequate to supply the necessary air, fans are used. However, the effect of natural ventilation on the performance of the fan is important. Owing to the change in temperature from summer to winter conditions, natural ventilation may reverse its direction; in one case it assists the fan, in the other case it opposes it.V entilation of coal mines is nowadays almost universally effected by use of the fans, of which there are many types. Such fans may either exhaust the air from the upcast shaft or blow or force the air down the downcast shaft. With few exceptions, exhausting fans at the top of the up-cast shaft are used in modern mines.Fig.1 Natural ventilationAlthough many types of fans are used for mine ventilation, they fall into two classes, viz, the centrifugal or wheel-type fan and the axial-flow or propeller type fan.During recent year the centrifugal fan has found a rival in the axial-flow or propeller-type fan, which is now being used in increasing numbers to such an extent that it is largely replacing the centrifugal fan for mine ventilation.The action of the axial-flow fan differs from that the centrifugal fan in that the air passes axially alone the fan instead of being discharged from the circumference of the fan by centrifugal force. The fan consists essentially of one or more rotors (some- what similar to aeroplane propellers; in the first axial-flow mine fans that rotors wereactually aeroplane propellers). There rotors carry blades and rotate at a high speed within a circular casing which the air enters at one end and is discharged at the other end. The number of rotors or stages depend upon the pressure to be produced, and mine fans may have anything from one to four stages, with the equivalent number of rotors mounted on the same shaft.Although apparently simple in construction and operation, this type of fan calls for a high degree of skill in the design and arrangement of the blades. With the axial-flow fan it is possible to vary the performance by increasing its speed, by increasing the number of stages or rotors, and by altering the pitch or inclination of the blades, and these alterations can be made over fairly wide limits without seriously reducing the efficiency at which the fan works.Underground fansFans are used underground mainly for two purpose, viz, as boosters for assisting the main fan, and as auxiliary fans for the ventilation of headings and blind ends.The use of booster fans underground is confined to cases where the workings have extended to such great distances from the pit-bottom that the surface fan is incapable of circulating the quantity of air necessary for the ventilation of these remote workings and where it would be necessary either to install a larger and additional airways to allow adequate ventilation.Such fans are usually installed in the return airways, but when electrically driven the driven the driving motor must be supplied with fresh of intake air.The distribution of mine ventilationThe present-day practice is to split the air near the bottom of the downcast shaft into several intake airways, each of which serves a certain area of the workings or district of the mine. Similarly, separate returns are provided for the several working areas or districts near the upcast pit-bottom.Splitting the air in this way is essential if the large volumes of air required in modern mines are to be provided, and in addition it offers many advantages, the chief of which are:1.Each district is supplied with fresh air.2.A much large quantity of air circulates in the mine, due to lower resistance by multiple circuits or roadways.3.There is less risk of accumulation of gas.4.In the event of trouble in a district or an explosion, the trouble or damage is more likely to be confined to the particular district in which it occurs and less likely to affect the whole mine.5.The velocity of the air currents in the intakes, returns and workings is lower, and the ventilating pressure required for a given total quantity of air is reduced, with consequent economy in power consumption.Left to its own devices, the air would simply pass down the downcast and take the nearest way to the upcast shaft, leaving the rest of the mine unventilated. To prevent this and ensure the proper distribution of the air throughout the mine, various devices are employed.Stoppings. As the mine workings advace, various connections between the intake and return airways must be sealed, as must also be abandoned roadways in order to prevent air leaking and circulating in areas where it is no longer required. It is required that any road connecting an intake and a return airway which has ceased to be required for the working of the mine shall be effectively sealed forthwith. For this purpose stoppings are constructed to confine the air along the desired course. These stoppings are built from floor to roof and from side to side of the roadways, and are constructed in many ways.In important position they may be built of masonry or concrete, while at other times they may consist merely of debris packed in the roadway to a sufficient thickness to prevent the passage of air.Doors. It is frequently necessary to prevent the passage of air along roadways which must, however, be available for persons or materials to pass. In these cases ventilation doors are employed. Not less than two doors are usually inserted, so that one can remain shut at all times to prevent short-circuiting of the air which would happen if a single door was used. In important situations near the pit-bottom and between main intakes and returns, it is customary to erect three or more door, and inup-to-date mines these are sometimes constructed of steel plates with rubber beading around the edges to reduce leakage to a minimum. In other situations strong wooden doors with door frames built in brickwork surrounds are employed.Sheets. Near the working faces, where the ventilating pressure is small and the ground is unsettled, sheets are sometimes employed as substitutes for doors to divert the air current. These consist of long brattice cloth or sacking, made windproof and usually fireproof, hung from roof to floor, and nailed to a piece of timber, often a roof bar. They can thus be lifted or pushed out of position for men or tubs to pass. The use of sheets is not recommended in position where it is possible to insert doors, as they are far from leakproof and are easily deranged, when they allow the air to short-circuit and rob the working places of ventilation.Air crossings. To ensure the supply of air to all parts of the mine, if frequently becomes necessary that an intake airway and a return airway shall cross each other. In such cases an air-tight bridge, called an air crossing, overcast or cross over has to be constructed.Regulators. In order to obtain the desired distribution of air between the various districts, it is usually necessary to restrict the amount of air flowing into certain districts which offer a low resistance to air flow. This is effected by the use of regulators. It is obvious that without regulators large volumes of air would tend to flow in the splits of low resistance, leaving only small quantities for the remote workings which offer a high resistance.A regulator usually consists of a small sliding door or adjustable shutter set in an ordinary ventilating door.Section twoMethane and its controlMethane and respirable dust are the two common problems encountered in underground coal mining. They are more severe in modern longwall mining because of high production.Methane and its drainageOnce the air enters the mine shaft, its composition changes and becomes mine air. most notably, the dust and hazardous gases will increase and dilute the concentration of oxygen. In addition, the air temperature, humidity, and pressure will all change. When those changes occur slightly, the mine air, which is not significantly different from the atmospheric air, is called fresh air. This usually refers to the air before passing through the working faces. After passing through working face or gob it is called the return air.In general, mine gas refers to all the hazardous gases in mines. The most frequently encountered hazardous in underground coal mines are methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon monoxide(CO), sulphur dioxide(SO2), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and hydrogen(H2).Methane or marsh gas, by miners it is termed firedamp or simply “gas”, is the major component of the hazardous gases in underground coal mines. It occupies approximately 80~96% by volume. Thus normally when one speaks of mine gas, one means methane. It is colorless and odorless; its diffusivity is about 1.6 times that of air. Since it has a low specific gravity (0.554), methane is easily accumulated near the roof of the roadway and working faces. Though it is harmless to breathe in small quantities, it is suffocating if its concentration is very high.The most dangerous problem with methane is the potential of methane explosion. It will be ignited when its concentration is between 5 and 16% ( 9.5% is the most dangerous ) and the air temperature is from 1.200 to 1.3820F ( 650~7500C). Some coal seams and rock strata contain large amounts of methane, and under high pressure, the coal and gas will burst out suddenly and simultaneously. Obviously, certainappropriate measures must be employed to extract methane from these coal seams in advance.The amount of methane emission in an underground coal mine can be expressed either by the absolute amount or the relative amount of emission. The absolute amount of emission is the absolute amount of emission per unit time in the whole mine. Its volumetric unit will be ft 3/day (m 3/day) or ft 3/min (m 3/min). However, the relative amount of emission is the average amount of emission per ton coal produced within a certain period of time, ft 3/ton (m 3/ton).During a normal production period the methane concentration is diluted to below the lowest limit allowed by law mainly adjusting the volume of the ventilated air. The required volume of air in a working face can be determined by k c Q Q gasair =;where Q air is the required fresh air volume in ft 3/min (m 3/min). C is the maximum allowable limit of methane concentration in the return air, generally 1~1.5%. The allowable limit of methane concentration varies from country to country. For instance, the limit in China is 1%; Holland 1.5% up to 2% in some area; West Germany 1~1.5%; France 1.5~2% for some faces with monitoring instrument; and in the U.S. 1~2%. K is the nonuniform coefficient of gas emission, generally 1.5.Following the recent rapid development in longwall machinery, the longwall productivity has improved greatly while the coal produced is much smaller in size. These two events increase the amount of methane emission tremendously and consequently require a much larger volume of ventilated air. For example, in the United States the fresh air required at the longwall face is from 1.800 to 50.000 ft 3/min (510~1.417m 3/min).Most of the methane produced during coalification and metamorphism escapes to the atmosphere through fissures in the strata. A small part stays in the fissures in the surrounding strata and still another small part remains in the coal. The methane stays in the coal or the fissures in the surrounding strata either in free or adsorbed state. The free methane moves freely in the coal or the fissures and fractures in the strata, whereas the gas molecules in the adsorbed methane tightly adhere to the surface of theinterior fissure or the interior of coal particles. Under certain conditions, the free and adsorbed states are in equilibrium. As the pressure, temperature, and mining conditions change, the equilibrium will be destroyed. When the pressure is increased or the temperature is decreased, some parts of the free methane will become adsorbed. Conversely, some of the adsorbed methane will be released to become free methane. During mining operation the coal seams and the surrounding strata are subjected to continuous fracturing, which increases the passageways for the methane and destroys the equilibrium between the free and adsorbed methane that exists under natural conditions. As a result, some of the adsorbed methane will be freed. Thus under normal conditions, as mining progresses, the methane in the coal and the surrounding strata will be released continuously and uniformly. This is the basic form of methane emission. Only methane in the free gas state can flow into mine workings.Methane content of seam and surrounding strata is the most important factor controlling the amount of methane to be emitted. If the seam contains a large amount of methane, it will emit more methane during mining. In addition, methane content in the coal seam and the surrounding strata also depends on the seam depth and geological conditions. Generally methane content in creases with seam depth. If the seam is close to the surface, especially if there are outcrops, methane will escape to the atmosphere and consequently methane content will be lower. The seam inclination is also a controlling factor. Since flowing along the bedding planes is much easier than flowing perpendicular to them, the larger the seam inclination, the more the methane escapes. If the surrounding strata are thick and tight in structure, the methane will more likely remain in the strata. Conversely, if the fissures are well developed in the strata, the methane will escape easily.If the seam being mined has a high methane content, the mining method employed should be those that extract with high recovery and leaves as leaves as little coal in the gob possible. In this respect, longwall mining is the most suitable.During coal cutting the amount of methane emission increases sharply. However, different methods of coal cutting produce different amounts of methane emission. It depends mainly on the amount of coal cut loose, the size of the newly exposed coalface, and the size of the broken coal, For example, if air picks are used, the amount of methane emission increases 1.1~1.3 times; 1.4~2.0 times for blasting;1.3~1.6 times for shearer cutting; and 2.0~4.0 times for hydraulic jetting. This is why coal seams with high methane content are not suitable for hydraulic mining. In modern longwall faces, the shearer cuts rapidly, resulting in high production. Consequently the amount of methane emission is large. It will be necessary to strengthen ventilation in order to reduce the methane concentration.If longwall mining with the full-caving method is used, the methane originally stored in the roof strata and adjacent seams will be released and will flow into the normal ventilation networks. This is especially true during the periodic roof weighting when the main roof acts vigorously and caves in large areas. It may also reactivate the static air accumulated in the gob and flow into the face area and the tailentry. If the sealing method is used, the gob must be kept sealed tightly, because in a sealed gob, the methane accumulated may reach as high as 60~70% in the static air. The methane-rich static air should not be allowed to leak into the normal ventilation networks If, on the other hand, the open gob is employed, the gob must be ventilated adequately to reduce the potential of accumulating high concentrations of methane in certain areas.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 1There are three requirements methane explosion: a minimum concentration of methane and of oxygen and a suitable heat source. The min. concentration, 5％，is the lower explosion limit, and 15% is the upper limit. If below 5%, it forms a bluish stable combustion layer around the flame without initiating explosion. If larger than 5%, there is insufficient amount of oxygen to promote the chemical reactions leading to explosion. When the methane content in fresh air 9.5%, once it encounters a heat source of sufficient temperature, the whole amount of methane and oxygen will participate in the chemical reactions.It must be noted, however, that as the oxygen content in the air decreases, the lower explosion limit will slowly increase while the upper explosion limit will drop sharply. When the oxygen content is decreased to 12%, the methane-air mixture will not be ignited. If the gob is sealed, there will be considerable accumulation of methane. But it will not be ignited even if there were spontaneous combustion in theremanent coal. This is due to the fact that in the sealed gob, there is insufficient amount of oxygen in the air.The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature for igniting a methane explosion and generally ranges from 1,202 to 1,292 F(650~700℃). There are many underground heat sources that can ignite a methane explosion. These include any exposed fires, spontaneous coal combustions, electric arcings, high temperature gases from blastings, every hot metal surfaces and sparks due to impact and friction. However, once the methane-oxygen mixture encounters the heat source it requires a minimum reaction time before explosion. Although the reaction time is extremely short(Table),it is very important for mining operations. Therefore, when using permissible explosives, as long as the shot-firing is properly implemented, the methane will not be ignited.In underground coal mines , methane explosion can occur in any place, however, most of them occur at the working faces where methane emission is the largest. Based on the factors contributing to methane explosion, the most effective methods for preventing methane explosion are to reduce the accumulation of methane and to eliminate high-temperature heat sources.The areas where methane is likely to accumulate are the gob, working faces at the development entries, gob-side tailentry T-junction, near cutting drums off the shearer, and in the roof fall cavities.It is very likely that methane accumulates to high concentration in the gob. In the United States the gobs are ventilated to prevent methane accumulation and to reduce the temperature. In most other countries the gobs are tightly sealed that itcompletely cuts off any fresh air flowing into the gob or prevents high-concentration methane air flowing out of the gob. In any event, if amount of methane emission is large, some methods of methane drainage directly from the gob to the surface are necessary. The withdrawn methane can be used as a fuel or as a raw material for chemical by-products.Frequently at the working faces of the development entries. due to insufficient air volume and speed, the methane cannot be effectively diluted and/or swept away. The methane concentration may reach a critical level. Since the specific gravity of methane is very small, it tends to accumulate near the roof line and forms a methane layer, sometimes up to 8~12 in (200~300mm) thick. It can be diluted or swept away by directing air flowing at 1.64~3.28ft/ sec(0.5~1m/sec). If necessary, a guide board or pipe, or perforated compressive air pipe may be installed along the roof line to dilute the methane layer.To increase the air volume and air speed is an effective method for diluting the methane concentration in the entries. But if the methane emission is very heavy, other supplementary measures are necessary. These include; (1) natural drainage-in this method, several entries are driven alternately. The methane will drain itself during the period of alternate stoppage; (2) drain as advance-in this method, holes are drilled on either one or both ribs approximately 49~66ft(15－20m) outby from the face. Each hole is connected to the drainage pipe out; (3) holes are drilled ahead of the face and the methane is drained for a period of time before the face is advanced.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 2The tailentry corner is the major area where high-concentration methane accumulates. This is due to the facts that, first, it serves as the major exit for the high-concentration methane in the gob, and second, when the fresh air reaches the tailentry T-junction it has to make a 90°turn which results in a turbulent air flow in the tailentry corner. Consequently, the methane accumulated in this area cannot be carried away. Several methods can be employed to eliminate the problems:1. If the methane emission is heavier, some drainage methods are necessary in the tailentry corner (Fig.2).A steel pipe 150~300ft (46~92m)long is installed long the tailentry. The gob end of the pipe extends through the curtain separating the tailentryfrom the tailentry corner. The methane accumulated in the corner will flow out through the pipe due to air pressure differentials. If the air pressure differential is too small, the drainage efficiency can be increased by installing a high-pressure water pipe or a compressed-air pipe alongside the steel pipe with nozzles at predetermined intervals connecting the two pipes.Fig 2 Method of draining methane accumulated at the tailentry corner if the methaneemission is medium high2. When the methane emission is larger than 176~212ft3/min(5-6m3/min), some special measures of methane drainage must be employed.If the coal seam has a high methane content, methane emission under high production by longwall mining will be very high. In such cases, it would be rather difficult and uneconomical to dilute the methane by increasing ventilation alone. Therefore, methane drainage must be considered. Methane drainage involves drilling boreholes into the solid coal, the roof and sometimes the floor. The methane contained in the coal or rock within a radius of up to 200ft(60m), depending on the permeability, will flow into the boreholes from which the methane is vacuum-pumped, viapipelines, to the surface.In the United states, the most common method for methane drainage in longwall mining is by surface boreholes. Before the retreat mining begins, one to three surface boreholes, depending on the panel length, are sunk along the centerline of the panel.Each borehole is sunk to a depth near the roof of the coal seam. The first borehole is usually located approximately 500ft（155m）from the panel setup room.Methane begins to emit from the borehole when the longwall face reaches to a few meters within the borehole. The initial methane flow rate is high but erratic. It becomes stabilized after nearly 60 days. It is not uncommon that using this method the total methane flow reaches 1,000,000ft3/day and the methane emission from the gob is reduced by more than 50%.Another gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel where methane emission of up to 3,000ft3/ min ( 85m3/min ) per ton of coal is liberated, is shown in Fig.3-in(10-cm) holes are drilled into the roof from the return entry at an angle of 60°for about 90 ft deep and at 75-90 ft ( 23-27m ) intervals. Bottom holes are also drilled at an angle to stay under and ahead of the faceline. All holes are fitted with 4-in (10-cm) pipe and packed. The methane is vacuum-pumped to the surface and released into the atomosphere. This method can also be applied to retreat longwall panels with multiple entries, except that the holes will have to be drilled from the second entry.3. Water Infusion Water infusion involves drilling in seam horizontal holes into the solid coal ahead of mining. High pressure water from 300 to 1,500 psi is injected into the boreholes. The high-pressure water moves away in a cylindrical water front. As the water moves away from the borehole, the methane is also driven away. In order to prevent water leakage and to increase the infusion zone, hole is generally either grouted or sealed with packers at 5 ft (1.5m) intervals. In general the infusion zone is approximate twice the length of the grouted portion of the hole. Therefore, with proper orientation and spacing of boreholes, the advancing water fronts can be merged to form a complete seal which in effect prevents the methane from being emitted into the coal face. In addition, water infusion tends to wet the coal before it is broken by the cutting machine. This is a very effective way of reducing the respirable dust level.Fig.2 Gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel Fig.3 A shows a longwall retreating panel using one hole for water infusion. The panel width is 500ft (152m). The infusion hole is 275 ft (84m) long. A plastic pipe 255 ft (78m) long is inserted into the hole, with the outer 225 ft (69m) grouted. This leaves a 50-ft (15-m) open section at the bottom of the hole for water infusion. With this arrangement the infusion zone can cover the whole face width. The infusion holes along the panel length direction should be spaced at less than 400 ft(122m) so that the infusion zones will merge to from a complete seal.Alternatively, two short holes, one from each side of the panel, can be drilled for water infusion in order to avoid the difficulties associated with long horizontal-hole drilling (Fig.4).。
安全守望者——橙色理想
安全守望者——橙色理想（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的安全管理制度，如通用安全、交通运输、矿山安全、石油化工、建筑安全、机械安全、电力安全、其他安全等等制度，想了解不同制度格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of safety management systems, such as general safety, transportation, mine safety, petrochemical, construction safety, machinery safety, electrical safety, other safety, etc. systems, I want to know the format and writing of different systems ,stay tuned!安全守望者——橙色理想我，一名普通的特种设备检验员，就是站在悬崖边的安全守望者。
安全工程的英语作文
Safety engineering is a critical field that focuses on the prevention of accidents and the protection of people,property,and the environment from potential hazards.Here are some key points that can be included in an essay about safety engineering:1.Definition and Scope:Begin by defining safety engineering and explaining its scope, which includes designing systems to minimize risks,conducting risk assessments,and developing safety protocols.2.Historical Context:Discuss the evolution of safety engineering,from early industrial practices to modern regulatory frameworks and the role of safety engineering in various industries.3.Principles of Safety Engineering:Outline the fundamental principles that guide safety engineering practices,such as the hierarchy of controls,risk assessment methodologies, and the importance of a proactive rather than reactive approach to safety.4.Risk Assessment and Management:Elaborate on how safety engineers identify, evaluate,and control hazards.Discuss the process of risk assessment,including hazard identification,risk analysis,and risk evaluation.5.Safety Culture:Explain the concept of safety culture and its significance in creating a safe working environment.Discuss how safety culture is developed and maintained within organizations.6.Regulatory Frameworks:Describe the role of government regulations and industry standards in shaping safety engineering practices.Include examples of key legislation and standards,such as OSHA in the United States or the European Unions Machinery Directive.7.Technological Advancements:Highlight the impact of technology on safety engineering,including the use of automation,artificial intelligence,and data analytics to predict and prevent accidents.8.Case Studies:Provide realworld examples of successful safety engineering practices or discuss incidents where lack of safety engineering led to significant accidents.cation and Training:Discuss the importance of education and training in safety engineering.Explain the types of courses,certifications,and professional development opportunities available to safety engineers.10.Future Challenges and Opportunities:Conclude by identifying the challenges that safety engineers may face in the future,such as the integration of new technologies, globalization,and evolving regulatory landscapes.Also,discuss the opportunities for growth and innovation in the field.11.Conclusion:Summarize the importance of safety engineering in protecting life, property,and the environment.Emphasize the need for continuous improvement and adaptation to new challenges in the field.Remember to use clear,concise language and provide specific examples to support your arguments.Additionally,ensure that your essay is wellstructured,with a clear introduction,body,and conclusion.。
《安全工程专业英语》教学大纲
《安全工程专业英语》课程教学大纲课程代码：080632037课程英文名称：Professional English for Safety Engineering课程总学时：16 讲课：16 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：安全工程大纲编写（修订）时间：2017年7月一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标本课程是安全工程专业本科生的专业基础课，是使学生从英语学习的通识性阅读过渡到学术性阅读的重要桥梁课程。
通过本课程的学习，学生能在应用并提高英语基本技能当的基础上，学习科技英语的基本表达，并对安全工程专业方向的词汇及用法有所掌握，进而实现“以英语为工具获取专业所需信息”的目标。
（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1、巩固和扩充对英语基本词汇和词组的理解和应用能力。
2、明确和掌握科技英语的特点，熟悉专业英语书籍和科技期刊中常用的文字表达方式及基本翻译技巧。
3、进一步提高综合运用英语语法基本知识的能力，尤其是长句和复杂句的分析和理解能力。
4、增加化工、安全、环境等方面的专业词汇量，并从中探寻词汇变化规律，提高对专业词汇的运用能力。
5、提高专业文献阅读速度和理解能力。
（三）实施说明1．教学方法：讲授时，尽可能结合学生已有的英语学习基础，阐明专业英语与基础英语的区别和练习，帮助学生建立基于学术词汇的新的英语学习体系和方法，并积极引导学生通过专业英语的学习巩固提高原有的英语基础。
课堂讲授实行启发式、引导式教学，力求做到高效、丰富，突出重点，并注意将培养和提高学生的解决实际问题的能力放在重要位置。
坚持课堂讨论和练习是教好、学好本门课程的关键。
在整个教学过程中，将根据正常教学进度事先布置一定量的讨论题，要求学生按时完成，并在课堂上加以讨论。
适时进行随堂练习检查学生的掌握情况，并布置一定量的课后作业，加以巩固。
2．教学手段：在教学中采用电子教案、多媒体课件及多媒体教学系统等先进教学手段，以确保在有限的学时内，全面、高质量地完成课程教学任务。
Safety Engineering 4
安全-绝对安全观-评述
绝对安全观认为发生死亡、工伤等的概率 为零，这在现实生产系统中是不存在的， 它是安全的一种极端理想的状态。由于绝 对安全观过分强调安全的绝对性，使其应 用范围受到了很大的限制，特别是在分析 社会-技术系统的安全问题时更是如此。
安全-相对安全观
安全是相对的，绝对安全是不存在的。 安全就是被判断为不超过允许极限的危 险性，也就是指没有受到损害的危险或 损害概率低的通用术语。 所谓安全是指判明的危险性不超过允许 限度。 安全意味着可以容许的风险程度，比较 地无受损害之忧和损害概率低的通用术 语。
The system is the combination or interrelation of hardware, software, people, and the operating environment. interrelation n. 相互关系, 相互联系(性) hardware n. 硬件 software n. 软件 operating environment n. 操作环境, 运行环境
The objective of system safety is to identify hazards resulting from the use or operation of a system and to eliminate or reduce the hazards to an acceptable level of risk. objective n. 目标, 目的, 任务 identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样, 确定 result from v. 由…产生 eliminate [i’limineit] vt. 消除, 排除
初级注册安全工程师考试教材
初级注册安全工程师考试教材
以下是一些适合初级注册安全工程师考试的教材推荐：
1. 《安全工程学》（英文名：Engineering Safety）：该教材是
安全工程学的经典教材之一，涵盖了安全风险评估、安全管理、生产安全、环境安全等内容，是初级安全工程师考试的必备指南。
2. 《安全工程基础》（英文名：Introduction to Safety Engineering）：该教材详细介绍了安全工程基础理论、安全技术与方法、安全管理体系等内容，适合初学者快速入门。
3. 《工业安全与健康管理》（英文名：Industrial Safety and Health Management）：该教材主要讲解工业安全与健康管理
的基本原理、方法和技术，包括安全评估、事故调查与分析、安全培训等，是初级安全工程师考试备考的重要参考资料。
4. 《安全工程实务》（英文名：Principles of Safety Engineering and Management）：该教材深入浅出地介绍了安
全工程的实际应用，包括危险物质管理、安全设备与防护、火灾防控等内容，对考试中的实操题和案例分析有很大帮助。
5. 《安全监管法规与制度》（英文名：Regulations and Institutions for Safety Supervision）：该教材系统地介绍了安全
监管法规与制度的内容，包括安全生产法、安全监管制度、安全生产责任制等，是初级安全工程师考试必备的法律法规类教材。
请注意，在选择教材时应根据个人的学习需求和考试要求进行选择，并结合参考书目、培训材料等进行综合学习。
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。
2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。
3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。
中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书正式版
第一部分通用英语Part OneEnglish for General PurposesUNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextRead the text. Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese.In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.Step 1: Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you areunfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.Step 2: RelationshipsThis is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.Step 3: ShareIf you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronicnoise pollution?3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?4. Where does the unhappiness come from?5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?ExercisesA. Translate the following sentences into English.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。
Safety Engineering 3
Part of system safety strategy is to intervene at various points along that accident timeline. intervene 干涉,干预 timeline 时间 系统安全的部分策略就是在事故发生时间链的各 种点上进行干预。
happen, occur 都可作“发生”解。 happen 较常用，表示“偶然发生”。主语通常为事故、 事件等词语，间或也可用形式主语it或人作主语。强调偶 然性。如： The incident happened two weeks ago. 事件发 生在两星期前。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 碰巧我昨 天看见他了。 You don’t happen to have any money with you, do you? 你身边带没带钱？ occur 表示“偶然发生”时，可与happen换用；但表示 事件的发生是经过事先计划或事先有所迹象时（以及在否 定句中）都只能用occur。
Figure 3.1 shows the events that lead to an accident. 图3.1 表示导致事故的事件。
Preliminary Events HAZARDOUS Initiating Events CONDITION Intermediate Events
词语解释
occur 表示“偶然发生”时，可与happen换用；但表示 事件的发生是经过事先计划或事先有所迹象时（以及在否 定句中）都只能用occur。如： The accident occurred/happened at the intersection. 事故发生在交叉路口。 Important election occur this fall. 今年秋季将举 行重要的选举。 The accident occurred despite all the precautions that had been taken to prevent it. 尽管事先已采取了预防措施，事故还是发生了。 Another instance of this disease may not occur for several years. 这种病例几年之后才会再次发生。
安全工程专业英语part1翻译
1 Why Do We Need Safety Engineering?我们为什么需要安全工程?It is difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not be reminded how dangerous our world is.Both large-scale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis.只要打开报纸或电视，很难不让我们想到（无不在告诉）我们这个世界是多么危险。
大规模的自然灾害和人为灾害几乎每天都在发生.An accident at a plant in Bhopal, India, killed over 2,500 people.印度博帕尔市的一家工厂发生的事故造成了2500多人死亡A nuclear power plant in the Ukraine exploded and burned out of control, sending a r adioactive cloud to over 20 countries, severely affecting its immediate neighbors’ livestock and farming.乌克兰的一座核电站爆炸，并引发了火灾，形成的放射云覆盖了20多个国家，严重影响了邻国的畜牧业和农业。
Keeping safety is responsibility of safety engineers. Are you ready to struggle for human safety and happiness in your whole life?做好安全工作是安全工程师的责任，你准备好了为了人类的安全和幸福而奋斗终生吗？A total of 6.7 million injuries and illnesses in the United States were reported by private industry in 1993.1993年美国的私有企业报告的工伤和疾病总数达到六百七十万例。
Safety Engineering 5a
• The engineer needs to answer the question: How safe is safe enough? Other questions to ask are: • · What constitutes a catastrophic accident? • · What constitutes a critical accident? • · the cost of preventing the accident Is acceptable? • 工程师需要回答这个问题：什么样的安全才是足够的安全？ 其他要提出的问题是： 1、灾难性的事故由哪些部分构成？ 2、严重事故由哪些部分构成？ 3、预防事故的成本是否可接受？ • catastrophic adj.悲惨的, 灾难的 • critical adj. 临界的；重要的，关键的；严重的 • acceptable adj.可接受的, 合意的
The next step is system description. 下一步就是系统描述。 Some time should be given to grasping how the system works and how the hardware, software, people, and environment all interact. 需要投入一定的时间掌握系统的运作情况和硬件、软件、 人和环境的相互作用的情况。 If the system is not described accurately, then the safety analysis and control program will be flawed. 如果对系统的描述不准确，则会造成安全分析和控制程序 的缺陷。 interact vi.互相作用, 互相影响 flawed 有裂纹的, 有瑕疵的, 有缺陷的
安全工程师英语简介范文
安全工程师英语简介范文Security engineers, as an indispensable role in modern society, are responsible for ensuring the security of an organization's information systems, network environment, and physical facilities. They have deep expertise and rich practical experience to detect and respond to various security threats in a timely manner.In their career, safety engineers not only need to have an in-depth understanding of safety standards, regulations and policies, but also need to be proficient in various safety technical tools and means. They are responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining security policies that keep enterprise data, assets, and user information safe.As a good security engineer, they not only need to have a solid technical foundation, but also need to have excellent communication and collaboration skills. They need to work closely with people from different departments to address security challenges and ensure that the overall level of security in the enterprise is improved.In the field of security, with the continuous development of technology and the increasing number of security threats, the role of security engineers has become increasingly important. They are the important guardians of the enterprise security line and have made important contributions to ensuring the information security and business development of the enterprise.In short, security engineers are an indispensable role in modern society, they rely on professional knowledge and practical experience to provide comprehensive security for enterprises and organizations.。
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1
Introduction to Safety engineering
A life-critical system or safety-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in death or serious injury. An Example of a LifeCritical System：The picture below illustrates what can happen when a life-critical system fails. This particular crash took place at the Paris Air Show a few years ago. Our understanding is that a mechanical failure caused the crash. The pilot sustained only minor injuries.
“本质安全”系统是一种很巧的机械布置，不会产生伤害（很明显是一种 最佳的布置形式，但通常不可能）。例如“本质安全”飞机是不可能的。 “故障安全”系统指的是当发生故障时不会产生伤害。“故障容许”系 统发生故障时还能继续工作，尽管其运行能力从某种形式上下降了。
5
Introduction to Safety engineering
安全工程师能够区分不同程度的不正常运行状态：故障发生在设备某零 件不按设计运转的时候；事故仅发生在工作人员（不是修理工）不得不 应付该情况的时候；严重事故能够危及一个或几个人；灾难性的事故危 及、伤害或杀死大量的人。
3
Introduction to Safety engineering
Safety engineers also identify different modes of safe operation: A “probabilistically(概率的) safe” system has no single point of failure, and enough redundant(多余的) sensors(传感器), computers and effectors so that it is very unlikely to cause harm (usually "very unlikely" means less than one human life lost in a billion hours of operation).
安全工程师也能够鉴别不同方式的安全运行状态：“概率安全”系统没 有个别失灵的部件，并且有足够多的传感器，计算器和效应器以至于完 全不可能引起伤害（通常“完全不可能”指小于十亿小时的运行导致一 人丧命的概率）。
4
Introduction to Safety engineering
An “inherently(本固有的) safe” system is a clever mechanical arrangement that cannot be made to cause harm- obviously the best arrangement, but this is not always possible. For example, “inherently safe” airplanes are not possible. A “fail-safe” system is one that cannot cause harm when it fails. A “fault-tolerant(容忍)" system can continue to operate with faults, though its operation may be degraded in some fashion.
生命关键系统或安全关键系统指的是当该系统发生故障时，可能导致死
亡或者严重的伤害。一个生命关键系统的例子：下图显发生。这次特殊的坠落发生在几年
前的巴黎航空表演上。据我们理解是机械故障导致这次坠落。飞行员伤
害较小。
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Introduction to Safety engineering
Introduction to Safety engineering
Safety engineering is an applied science strongly related to systems engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed even when pieces(部件) fail.
Safety engineers distinguish different extents of defective(有缺陷的) operation: A "fault" is said to occur when some piece of equipment does not operate as designed. A "failure" only occurs if a human being (other than a repair person) has to cope with the situation. A "critical" failure endangers one or a few people. A "catastrophic“(灾 难的) failure endangers, harms or kills a significant number of people.