影响线及其应用PPT双语98页

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物理量与荷载P 的比值,习惯上以在结构上移动的P=1
(即量纲一或无量纲)表示“单位移动荷载”。因此, 物理量影响系数的量纲是,物理量的量纲和移动荷载
量纲之比。例如单位移动荷载P是集中力,则弯矩、反
力偶影响线的量纲为L(长度),剪力、反力影响线的量 纲为1(或无量纲)等等。
Remark: influential coefficients : the ration of the pointed quantity to the unit loads. The dimension of the influential coefficient is equal to the dimension of response function divided by the dimension of the unit load.
the ordinates at 2 ends are identical to that of the I.L. under the
(1) 支座反力影响线 The I.L. for reactions
P=1
A
B
l
RA
RB
1
I .L.RA
1
I .L.RB
Using equilibrium equations to determine the reaction force functions with the unit load position x, then construct IL by these functions.
荷载 loads
纵梁 stringer
横梁floor beams
主梁 Girder
主梁只在横梁处(结点处)受集中力作用。
对主梁而言,这种荷载称为间接荷载或结点荷载 panel loads。
间接荷载作用下主梁某量值的影响线的绘制The I.L . For
one desired quantity for girder due to panel loads 以D截面弯矩MD为例 take the I.L.for MD on the section D:
定义Definition: 单位移动荷载作用下,结构反力、内力或 位移等随荷载位置变化的函数关系,分别称为反力、内力、 位移的影响系数方程,对应的函数图形分别称为反力、内 力、位移的影响线(Influence Line 缩写为 I .L.)。
under the action of unit load, the functional relations of the reactions , internal forces and displacements of structures with the unit load position are called the influential coefficient equation, and the corresponding function graphs are called the Influence Line of the reactions , internal forces and displacements of structures.
l
1
b1 l2
l2 l
I.L.RA
1
(l l2 )
l
l1
l
ab
l
bl1 l
I.L.RB
al2 l
I.L.MC
b
l1
l
l
a l
l2 l
I.L.QC
D
K1 A
a1
l1 RA
a1 ○-
1 ○-
P=1 C
a
b
l
B
K2
E
b1 l2
RB
I.L.MK1
I.L.QK1
○- b1 I.L.MK2
1
I.L.QK2
§6-3 间接荷载作用下的影响线 I.L.for for girders with floor systems
Panel points P
纵梁stringer
主梁Girder 横梁 Floor beam
设:纵梁简支在横梁上,横梁简支在主梁上。If stringers lie
on floor beam, and floor beams lie on girder,
The transformation of the loads
结构承受移动荷载作用时,其反力、内力以及位移等
均随荷载作用位置的变化而改变。Under the moving
loads, the reactions , internal forces and displacements
of structures will change with the movement of the
(1)利用影响线求固定荷载作用下的内力Determine internal forces under fixed loads
(2)确定最不利荷载位置 Determine the unfavorable locations of loads (3)简支梁的绝对最大弯矩Determine the maximum bending moment (4)简支梁的包络图 Draw envelopes
1
I .L.RB I.L.MC I.L.QC
2.悬臂梁的影响线 I.L.for cantilever beams
P=1
A
C
B
a
b
l
㈠b
I.L.MC
1 I.L.QC
3、伸臂梁的影响线I.L.for overhanging beams P=1
D
K1 A
C
B
K2
E
a1
a
b
(l l1)
l1 RA
l
RB
为了方便,以下把反力、内力和位移均称为量值或物理量。 For the convenience the reactions , internal forces and displacements of structures called parameters
注意:定义中“单位移动荷载”下的量值称为影 响系数,可以理解为:在单个移动荷载作用下某指定
loads
P=10kN
P=P1=01k0NkN P=10kN P=10kN
P=10kN
172050.k5kkNkNNN 10kN
为解决千变万化的移动荷载作用下结构的设计问题, 基于线弹性结构的叠加原理,如果掌握了单位移动荷载 下结构的反力、内力与位移变化规律,则任意移动荷载 下的反力、内力与位移可用叠加方法获得。
to the girder. P=1 P=1
P=1
间接影响线值与直 接影响线值相同
D
直接荷载 下影响线
2、当P=1在横梁(结点)之间时when P=1 is located within
stringer containing the locatioxn oPf =th1e response function:
第 十 一 章 Chapter 11
影响线及其应用
Influence lines and their application
本章主要内容Main contents
1、影响线概念 The concept of influence lines 2、静力法绘制影响线 Static method
3、机动法绘制影响线 mechanismic method 4、影响线应用 Application of influence lines
Particular attention should be paid to the form, ordinates of controlling points and the signs of the I.L. graphs ( 3 elements of I .L).
1、简支梁的影响线I.L.for simple beam
1、当P=1位于横梁(结点)处时,与直接荷载相同,既间接荷载作
用下的影响线在结点处的值与直接荷载作用下的影响线在结点处的
值相同。When P=1 locates at panel points, the ordinates of
I.L. is identical to that of I.L. when P=1 is applied directly
(2)内力影响线I.L.for internal forces
Bending moment and shearing force ILs
P=1
A
B
C
RA
a
b
l
ab
l
源自文库
b
l
㈠a
l
Characteristics 特点:
RB I.L.MC I.L.QC
P=1 A
C
a
b
RA
l
1
ab l
b l
㈠a
l
B
RB
I .L.RA
静力法思路the procedure:利用静力求解方法(对静定结构用
平衡条件)求结构在P=1移动荷载下所求某物理量与荷载P=1 的
位置间的函数关系式,即影响系数方程,然后由方程作出影响
线。Using static equilibrium equations to determine the functions of the desired parameters with the position of the unit loads, then construct influence lines by these functions.
dx
MD
yA
d
d
x
yB
x d
P=1 x
d
d
A
DB
间接荷载作用
d
下AB段影响线
直接荷载
yA
yB
下影响线
结点(横梁)间影响线为直线,且在两端与直接影响线II.值L.L.M.相MD同D 。
The ordinates between points are connected by straight lines, and
作影响线有两种基本方法 Two basic methods:静力 法(static method), 机动法(或者称虚功法) (mechanismic or virtual displacement method)。
§6-2 用静力法作单跨静定梁的影响线 Constructing influence lines of statically determinate single span beams by static method
For the solution of problems of design of structures, based on the superposition principle of linear elastic structures, if we know the variation laws of the reactions , internal forces and displacements , then the reactions , internal forces and displacements under any moving loads can be determined by superposition principle
3、按方程作出影响线并标明符号和控制点的纵坐标值 construct influence lines by these functions. 。
注:正确的影响线应该具有正确的外形、必要的控制点纵坐标 值和正负号(简称三要素)。内力正负号规定与前几章相同。 习惯上将纵标为正的影响 线画于基线上方,但因为要标正负号, 所以这并不是规定。
具体步骤为procedure:
1、确定坐标系,以坐标 x 表示荷载P=1的位置define the coordinate of the unit load by x,;
2、对于给定的x,P=1 看成是固定的荷载,确定所求量的
值即可 得影响系数方程For given x and unit load , determine the functions of the desired parameters with the position of the unit loads x,
§6-1 影响线的概念 The concept of influence lines
1、移动荷载 Moving loads
移动荷载:方向、大小不变,仅作用位置变化的荷载 direction and magnitude don’t change, only positions change (moving load)如桥梁上行驶的车辆,工业厂房中 吊车梁上开动的行车等, for instance the moving cars on bridges, the cranes in factories。
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