新编大学英语第五册课文翻译

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新编英语教程5 课文+翻译(unit1~15)(学生必备)

新编英语教程5 课文+翻译(unit1~15)(学生必备)

Unit 1 hit the nail on the head 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

新编英语教程5第三版李观仪Unit18课文及译文参考.docx

新编英语教程5第三版李观仪Unit18课文及译文参考.docx

Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)

新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)

Unit Three: 我的朋友阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1)虽然阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是迄今为止世界上最伟大的科学家之一,但如果要我用一个词来描述他的话我会选择纯朴。

或者有关他的一些轶事能让你理解我为什么这么说。

有一次,遇上了倾盆大雨,他摘下帽子揣在衣服下面。

别人问他为什么,他以令人钦佩的逻辑解释说,雨会淋坏帽子,而他的头发淋湿了却不会坏。

这种直达问题核心的诀窍以及他对美非同寻常的感知就是他主要科学发现的秘密所在。

2)1935年,在坐落于新泽西著名的普林斯顿高级研究院,我第一次见到阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦。

他是第一批被该院邀请的人,在工资方面学院任由他提条件。

令院长惊鄂的是,爱因斯坦要求的薪水简直办不到---- 他要得太少了。

院长不得不恳求他接受一个大一些的数目。

3)我对爱因斯坦很敬畏,犹豫再三才就我一直在考虑的一些想法向他请教。

当我终于鼓起勇气敲响他的门时,听到一个温和的声音说:“进来。

”声调有些上扬,带有欢迎和询问的语气。

我走进他的办公室,看见他坐在桌子旁边,一边抽着烟斗一边算着什么。

他的衣服很不合身,头发乱蓬蓬的,极具个性,向我热情地微笑着表示欢迎我的到来。

他的平易自然立刻让我放松了下来。

4)当我开始阐述自己的见解时,他叫我把方程式写在黑板上,这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。

接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求:“请你漫漫地写,我理解东西不快。

”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口!他说得很温和,我笑了。

从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。

5)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。

他并非神童式的人物。

事实上他说话很晚,他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。

上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分,但天才的迹象已经显露。

例如,他自学微积分,老师们有些怕他,因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。

因此,十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。

由这一天真的问题的引发,十年之后他创立了相对论。

6)爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试,但在一年后被录取了。

新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考

新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考

Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。

新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1~15)

新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1~15)

Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

(完整word版)新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译.docx

(完整word版)新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译.docx

Unit 1恰到好处你一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上子?只他左敲敲,右敲敲,不准会将整个子翻,果敲来敲去到来只敲了半截。

而熟的木匠就不么干。

他每敲一下都会巧妙地正着落下去,一到底。

言也是如此。

一位秀的家造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的点。

差不多的,不准确的短,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修,都无法使一位追求真英的作家意。

他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的。

法国人有一个很切的短来表达一个意思,即“ le mot juste”, 恰到好的。

有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人事,比如福楼拜常花几天的力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无。

在浩瀚的海中,与之有着微妙的区,要找到能恰如其分表达我意思的非易事。

不是扎的言功底和相当大的量的,需要人尽汁,要察敏。

是程的一个步,也是描述我的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和者深刻理解的一个。

有人:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?” 听起来似乎很离,但它确很有道理。

找恰如其分的的确是件不容易的事。

一旦找到了那个,我就会感到很欣慰:辛得到了回。

准确地用言有助于我深入了解我描述的事物。

例如,当有人你:“某某是怎么的人?”你回答:“恩,我想他是个不的家伙,但他非常⋯⋯”接着你犹豫了,找到一个或短来明他到底在哪里。

当你找到一个恰当的短的候,你自己他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。

一些英根相同而意却截然不同。

例如human 和 humane, 二者的根相同,也相关,但用法完全不同。

“human action (人行 ) ”和“ humane action( 人道行 ) ”完全是两事。

我不能“人道力宣言”,而是“人宣言”。

有一种屠工具叫“ humane killer (麻醉屠宰机 ) ,而不是 human killer (人机器 ) 。

言中的坏手的例子在我身随可。

有人邀一名学生去吃,他写信予回复。

看他的信是尾的:“我将很高赴并不安(anxiety)期待着那个日子的到来。

”“ Anxiety ”含有和恐惧的意味。

新编大学英语第五册课文与翻译

新编大学英语第五册课文与翻译

Unit 1 suspensePassage ReadingThe Lady or the Tiger?by Frank Stockton1 Long ago there lived a semi-barbaric king who had a great imagination. One of his ideas was to build a big arena as an agent of justice where crime was punished or virtue rewarded. When a subject1 was accused of a crime of sufficient importance to interest the king, public notice was given that on an appointed day the fate of an accused person would be decided in the king’s arena.2 When all the people had assembled in the galleries, and the king, surrounded by the court, sat high up on his throne on one side of the arena, he gave a signal, a door beneath him opened, and the accused subject stepped out into the arena. Directly opposite him on the other side were two doors, exactly alike and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the person on trial to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. He could open either door he pleased. He was subject to no guidance or influence, only chance. If he opened one, there came out of it a cruel and hungry tiger, which immediately sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. But, if the accused person opened the other door, there came forth a lady, the most suitable to his age and station2 that the king could select from among his fair3 subjects; and to this lady he was immediately married as a reward for his innocence. It didn’t matter that he might possess a wife and family or that his affections might be engaged upon a lady of his own selection. The wedding took place immediately and in the arena. Bells rang, people shouted glad hurrahs, and the innocent man led his bride home.3 This was the king’s method of administering justice, its fai rness was obvious. The accused person was instantly punished if he found himself guilty and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot. The institution4 was a very popular one. The element of uncertainty gave interest to the occasion which could not other wise have a happened.54 The king had a beautiful and willful daughter. She was the apple of his eye and he loved her above all humanity.6 Among his courtiers was a young man of a low station whom the princess loved because he was very handsome and brave. This love affair moved along happily for many months, until one day the king happened to find out about it. He immediately had the youth imprisoned and appointed a day for a trial in the arena. Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject dared to love the daughter of a king.5 The tiger-cages of the kingdom were searched for the most savage beast, from which the fiercest one could be selected for the arena. Young and beautiful maidens were carefully surveyed in order that the young man might have a suitable bride if fate did not determine him a different destiny. Of course, everybody knew that thedeed with which the accused was charged had been done. He loved the princess and did not deny it, but the king would take pleasure in watching the events which would determine whether or not the young man had done wrong in allowing himself to love the princess.6 The day of the trial arrived. From far and near the people gathered and crowded the galleries of the arena. The king and his court entered and sat in their places opposite the twin doors. All was ready. The signal was given. A door beneath the royal party opened and the lover of the princess walked into the arena. Tall and handsome, he was greeted by a hum of admiration. Half the audience had not known that so grand a youth had lived among them. No wonder the princess loved him! What a terrible thing for him to be there!7 as the youth advanced into the arena, he turned, as the custom was, to bow to the king, but he did not think at all of her father. Form the very moment that the decree had gone forth, that her lover should decide his fate in the arena, she had thought of nothing else.7 Possessed of more power and determination than anyone connected with a previous case, she found out the secret of the doors. She knew behind which door stood the tiger cage with its open front and behind which door waited the lady. She had used both gold and determination to find out the secret.8 The princess also knew who the lady was. It was one of the most beautiful of the ladies of the court, and the princess hated her. Often the princess had seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature glancing with admiration at her lover, and sometimes the princess thought that these glances were returned. Now and then she had seen them talking together.9 When her lover looked at her, and his eye met hers, he knew that she knew behind which door crouched the tiger and behind which stood the lady. He had expected her to know it as he understood her nature and determination. Then it was that his quick and anxi ous glance asked the question: “Which?”8 It was as plain to her as if he had shouted it from where he stood.9 There was not an instant to be lost. The question was asked in a flash; it must be answered in another. She raised her hand and made a slight, quick movement to- ward the right. No one but her lover saw her. Every eye was fixed on the man in the arena. Every breath was held and every eye remained fixed on that man. Without the slightest hesitation, he went to the door on the right and opened it.10 Now, the point of the story is this: Did the tiger come out of the door, or did the lady? The more we think about this question, the harder it is to answer. It involves a study of the human heart which leads us through devious mazes of passion out of which it is difficult to fine our way.10 the soul of the princess beat with a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy.11 she had lost him, but who should have him? How often in her waling hours and in her dreams had she thoughtof her lover opening the door on the other side of which waited the cruel fangs of the tiger! But how much oftener had she seen him at the other door and she could see his delight as he opened the door of the lady! Her soul had burned with agony as she imagined him rushing to meet that woman with her sparkling eyes of triumph. She further imagined the glad shouts of the crowd as the two handsome people were married and walked away showered with flowers.12 Her one despairing shriek was lost in the noise.11 Would it not be better for him to die at once? And yet, that awful tiger, those shrieks, that blood! Her decision had been indicated in an instant, but it had been made after days and nights of anguished thought. She had known she would be asked, she had decided what she would answer, and, without the slightest hesitation, she had moved her hand to the right.12 The question of her decision is not to be lightly considered, and it is not for me to presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it.13 And so I leave it with all of you: Which came out of the opened door, — the lady, or the tiger? (1,307 words)Time taken:____________minutesUNIT 2 MannersIN-CLASS READINGNo One Stops to Say "Thank You" Anymore1 I am sitting in a local restaurant offering takeout homestyle meals, surrounded by exhausted but happy shoppers, families out for Friday night dinner, and students taking a break from college exams. The warm room buzzes with conversation. A well-known local homeless man very untidy but clean comes in, places an order, pays for it, then sits quietly waiting for his dinner. All talk stops. No one looks at him and several diners leave. He is aware of the general discomfort his presence has caused. When his takeout is ready, he gathers up his numerous bags and his dinner and, laden down, advances to the door to go back to the streets. Just as he reaches the door and begins to shift bundles to free a hand, a well-dressed man coming to the restaurant steps aside and holds the door for him. The homeless man stops and says, "Thank you very much."2 What struck me about this encounter was not the wealthier man helping out the less fortunate one. It was the homeless man stopping to thank him despite being desperate to escape a room full of disapproving people. No doubt he also thanked whoever had given him the money to buy dinner. In line buying my own meal, no one had thanked the young people behind the counter who dished up mashed potatoes for them. Had I taken a poll of the room, though, I bet everyone there would have considered themselves as having more manners than a person who lives on the streets.3 But how many of us are truly well-mannered? Some observations have been surprising.4 When I let someone into my lane of traffic, men almost always acknowledge this courtesy with a wave of the hand; women (the "polite" sex) hardly ever do. More women than men (the "chivalrous" sex) hold open doors for those behind them; teenage boys commit this nicety the least. And I no longer see mothers instructing a child, boy or girl, to hold open a door when several people are approaching something expected of all boys when I was growing up.5 Manners are a tool to remind us of others around us. Our actions affect each other; there is always give and take. However, if youth today are any indication, we are truly destined to become a society of people who think only of themselves. Maybe it sounds cliché, but my parents would have killed me had I done some of the things I endure from today's youth.6 I never ran in public, much less between and around the legs of people in stores. One scream and I would have been taken to the car and lectured on my behavior. Whenever I was rude in public, I was made to apologize; my parents didn't do it for me. These embarrassing moments didn't harm me; rather, they caused me to become aware that there were others inhabiting this world besides myself and my actions affected them.7 I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling, and only half the time have the parents apologized. Often they simply gather upthe children, making no eye contact, and take them to another part of the store to run around. If a child isn't made to deal with a minor situation, how will one ever handle a major faux pa& (which we all inevitably commit at some point)?8 I have noticed that children are not even being schooled in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. My friend's daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting her turn'. One by one the children grabbed their balloons and yes ran.I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say?" when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged.9 I don't blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition be it the dream house or another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway without ever stopping to thank the source.10 Rude language is now so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. And I'm not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I'm referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young staff member asked if I was the "chick" who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude.11 Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally than ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas. But isn't it ironic that these same people don't find it necessary to say "Excuse me" to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple?12 It's not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what hashappened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed.13 In a crowded world, manners are of vital importance. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?(991 words)Time taken: ______ minutesProper NameSarah(女子名)萨拉New Wordsacknowledgev. show thanks for 就……表示谢意,致谢e.g. He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.acquisitionn. the act of getting land, power, money, etc. 获取e.g. The acquisition of the property took months.anymoreadv. any longer (一般只用于表示否定意义的上下文中)而今再也e.g. I don't like being called Theresa anymore. It's old-fashioned.brunchn. a meal that serves as both breakfast and lunch 早午餐bundlen. a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together 捆,束,包e.g. He gathered the bundles of clothing into his arms.buzzv.1) be filled with a lot of excitement or activity 充满了激动或活动的声音e.g. The narrow streets in the area buzzed with stories of the killers.2) talk quietly at the same time 发出低沉、嘈杂的声音e.g. The audience buzzed throughout the performance.chasev. quickly follow someone or something trying to catch them 追逐,追赶e.g. Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other.chickn. American slang for a young woman (偶)少女,少妇chivalrousadj. (esp. of men) marked by bravery, honor, generosity, and good manners (esp. toward women) (男人) 有骑士风度的clichén. an expression that is used too often and has lost most of its meaning陈词滥调clownn. a performer, especially in the circus, who dresses strangely and tries to make peoplelaugh by his jokes, tricks or actions 小丑commonplaceadj. ordinary; not regarded as special or unusual 普通的,不足为奇的e.g. A few years ago it was quite rare to see women unaccompanied by men in a pub, now it's commonplace.courtesyn. polite behavior; a polite or kind action or expression 有礼的举止或言辞e.g. The student replied with promptness and courtesy.democracyn. social equality and the right to take part in decision-making 民主e.g. Democracy is spreading around the world in various forms.destinedadj. certain to happen at some time in the future 命中注定的e.g. He feels that he was destined to become a musician.disintegration*n. the state of becoming weaker or less united and being gradually destroyed 解体,瓦解emulatev. try to be like someone else, because you admire them 仿效e.g. People often try to emulate their favorite pop singers or movie stars.fabricn.1) a framework or structure 组构,组织e.g. He said the fabric of society was threatened by groups of criminals involved withdrugs, violence and robbery.2) material or cloth made by weaving threads together 织物,(纺)织品e.g. My shirt is made of cotton fabric.freewayn. (AmE) a very wide road built for fast long-distance travel 高速公路,高速干道indicationn. a sign of something; something that is suggested 象征,迹象e. g. This was a clear indication that they were in financial difficulty.inevitably*adv. unavoidably 不可避免地e.g. An organization of this size inevitably has problems.ironic*adj. full of irony 讽刺的,有讽刺意味的e.g. How ironic that he should have been invited to play for the English team on the very day that he broke his leg.ladenadj. heavily loaded with something 装满的,充满的e.g. She arrived back home laden with shopping bags.oversensitive*adj. too easily influenced or offended 过分敏感的,神经过敏的siblingn. a brother or sister 兄弟(或姐妹), 同胞squeezev.1) fit by forcing, pressing or crowding挤人,挤过,塞e.g. Anne squeezed herself into the crowded elevator.2) press firmly together, especially from opposite sides 压,挤,榨e.g. She squeezed the tube hard and the last of the tooth paste came out.striden.1) an improvement in a situation or in the development of something 进展,进步e.g. We've made great strides in medical technology this century.2) a long step 大步,步幅e.g. With every stride, runners hit the ground with up to five times their body-weight.v. walk quickly with long steps 阔步行进,大踏步走e. g. He came striding along the path, with his gun over his shoulder.takeout(AmE)adj. intended to be taken from the point of sale and consumed elsewhere 供顾客带出外吃的.n. food made to be taken out 外卖的食物thoroughfaren. the main road through place such as a city or town 大街,大道Phrases and Expressionsat handnear in time or space 近在手边,附近;即将到来e.g. I picked up a book that happened to lie at hand and read a few pages.disk upput into and/ or serve in a dish as food 把(食物)装盘,盛在盘中端上(饭菜)e.g. I will dish up the first course.gather upbring together into one group, collection, or place 使聚集,收拢,集拢e.g. She watched Willie gather up the papers and stuff them carelessly in his pocket.give-and-takethe practice of making mutual concessions; willingness to compromise 互相让步,互相迁就e.g. You can't always insist on your own way—there has to be some give-and-take.help (someone) outgive help and support to someone who has problems 帮助某人(尢指摆脱困境或危难)e.g. I) I helped out with the secretarial work.II) I think her colleagues did help her out on that occasion.lecture onscold or warn, especially at some length 训斥,告诫e.g. She lectured her children on good table manners.much lesseven less likely 更谈不上e.g. Jack can hardly understand arithmetic, much less geometry.no doubtalmost certainly; very probably 肯定地,想必e.g. 1 ) You've all no doubt heard the news.II) No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.run aroundrun excitedly and randomly within a particular area 在……四处奔跑e.g. We need a large garden, where the kids can run around freely.run overmake one's way quickly over 在……上跑过,撞倒e.g. We almost ran over a fox that was crossing the road.step asidewalk to one side 走开一点,让开一点e.g. The crowd stepped aside to let the chairman pass.UNIT 3 Business StrategiesIN-CLASS READINGBusiness Lessons from the Rain ForestTakashi Kiuchi1 The environment and the emerging information economy are two issues most vital to the future of my business, and perhaps the world. To me, these topics seem intimately linked. Perhaps this is partly because I work for Mitsubishi Electric, an electronics company, and I see our impacts on the environment. But my most important lessons about the link among business, the environment, and the economy did not come from my company. I learned them in the forest.2 On my trip to Asia, I visited the Malaysian rain forest. What I learned changed my life asa corporate executive.3 I learned that saving the rain forests in fact, saving the environment is more than an environmental necessity. It is a business opportunity. In our case, it is an opportunity to pursue business opportunities that use creativity and technology to substitute for trees, for resources of any kind.4 I learned something else in the rain forest, too, something more profound. I learned how we might operate our company not just to save the rain forest, but to be more like the rain forest.5 To be agile and creative, we must structure our company so that we are a learning organization. Not top-down, but bottom-up. Not centralized, but decentralized. Not limited by rules, but motivated by objectives. Not structured like a machine which cannot learn but like a living system, which can.6 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that it was a model of the perfect learning organization, a place that excels by learning to adapt to what it doesn't have. A rain forest has almost no resources. The soil is thin. There are few nutrients. It consumes almost nothing. Wastes are food. Design is capital. So my model for Mitsubishi Electric is an organization that is like a rain forest in those respects.7 Rain forests have no productive assets, yet they are incredibly productive. They are home to millions of types of plants and animals more than two-thirds of all biodiversity in the world. Those plants and animals are so perfectly mixed that the system is more efficient, and more creative, than any business in the world.8 If we ran our companies like the rain forest, imagine how creative, how productive, how ecologically benign we could be. We can begin by operating less like a machine and more like a living system. At Mitsubishi Electric, we have begun to adopt an environmental management system founded on principles of industrial ecology. For us, this means twothings: First, we must have our eyes wide open and see the environmental costs and benefits of our business. Second, based on what we see, we must take action:See costs and reduce them. See benefits and increase them. See needs and fill them.9 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that, as business people, we have been looking at the rain forest all wrong. What is valuable about the rain forest is not the trees, which we can take out. What is valuable is the design, the relationships, from which comes the real value of the forest. When we take trees from the forest, we can ruin its design. But when we take lessons from the forest, we further its purpose. We can develop the human ecosystem into as intricate and creative a system as we find in the rain forest. We can do more with less; grow without shrinking.10 While the rain forest has many design principles, let's discuss three:11 Differentiate. Be yourself, be unique. In the rain forest, conformity leads to extinction. If two organisms have the same niche, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. 12 The same thing happens in today's economy. If two businesses have the same niche, making exactly the same product, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. Most companies today are trying to be the one that survives by cutting costs, radically downsizing, desperately seeking the lowest cost.13 It's smarter to differentiate. Create unique products, different from any others. Fill unique niches. Don't kill our competitors or be killed by them sidestep them instead. Only then is it time to reduce costs and grow more efficient.14 Cooperate. Today, many people think competitiveness is the key to business success, but such thinking is out of date. Today, as we grow different, we learn that none of us is whole. We need each other to fill in our gaps. For example, at my company, we no longer look to grow bigger simply by acquiring more and more companies as subsidiaries. Instead, we are engaging in cooperative joint ventures with many others. Each companyretains its independence, its specialty, and its core competence. Together we benefit from our diversity.15 Be a good fit. We used to say only the fittest survives; only one can be the winner. But the rain forest has many winners.16 The same can be true in our economy. In this new, diverse, rain-forest economy, it is not a question of who is most fit. It is a question of where we best fit. If we fit if we solve a social problem, fulfill a social need we will survive and excel. If we only create problems, we will not.17 I am often asked whether the needs of the corporation and the needs of the environment are in conflict. I do not believe they are. In the long run, they cannot be.18 Conventional wisdom is that the highest mission of a corporation is to maximize profits and return to shareholders. That is a myth. It has never been true. Profit is just money a medium of exchange. You always trade it for something else. So profits are not an end; they are a means to an end.19 My philosophy is this: We don't run our business to earn profits. We earn profits to run our business. Our business has meaning and purpose a reason to be here.20 People talk today about business needing to be socially responsible, as if this is something new we need to do, on top of everything else we do. But social responsibility is not something that one should do as an extra benefit of the business. The whole essence of the business should be social responsibility. It must live for a purpose. Otherwise, why should it live at all?21 What I learned from the rain forest is easy to understand. We can use less and have more. It is the only way, for the interests of business and the interests of the environment are not incompatible.(1102 words)Time taken: _______ minutesProper NamesMalaysianadj. 马来西亚的Mitsubishi Electric日本三菱电气公司Takashi Kiuchi(日本男子名)木内孝New Wordsagileadj. active, lively, think quickly 灵活的,(才思)敏捷的e.g. The agile monkey swung from branch to branch.biodiversityn. biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals 生物品种competencen. the ability and skill to do what is needed 能力,技能e.g. I'm only worried about his attitude to the job: his competence is not in question.conformity *n. agreement with established rules, customs, etc. 一致,顺从e.g. Excessive conformity is usually caused by fear of disapproval . conventionaladj. following what is traditional or considered to be normal 传统的,符合习俗的e.g. The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style.cooperatev. work with somebody else to achieve something 合作,协作,配合e.g. I ) Our company is cooperating with a Danish firm on this project. II) The art department cooperated with the editorial department to produce the book.coren.1) the central or most important part of something 核心,要点e.g. The basic lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.2) the hard center of certain fruits, containing seeds 果心,核e.g. She finished her apple and threw the core away.differentiatev.1) make or become different in the process of growth or development (使)变异e.g. The cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.2) to see or express a difference (between) 区分,区别e.g. A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world.diversity *n. the condition of being different or having differences 差异,多样性e.g. Newspapers were obliged to allow a diversity of views to be printed.downsize *v. to make a business or industry smaller 缩减,削减e.g. I ) The company will have to downsize to cut costs.II) American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.ecologically *adv. from the point of view of ecology 从生态学的观点看e.g. Ecologically, the new dam (大坝) has been a disaster.ecologyn. the pattern and balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment in that place 生态e.g. The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile (脆弱的)ecology of the coastline.ecosystem *n. all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment 生态系统electronicsn.1) electronic devices and equipment 电子器件e.g. All the electronics are housed in a waterproof box.2) a branch of physics that deals with the emission, behavior and effects of electrons and with electronic devices 电子学,电子技术e.g. The field of modern electronics has grown rapidly.extinction *n. a situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc. no longer exists 消灭;灭绝e.g. There are many animals in danger of extinction.incompatible *adj. unable to exist together in harmony 不相容的,不协调的,不相配的e.g. I ) I don't think either of them was to blame: they were just incompatible.II) His behavior has been incompatible with his role as head of the state.objectiven. an aim that you are trying to achieve 目的,目标e.g. The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment, adj. not influenced by one's own personal feelings, based only on facts 客观的,不带偏见的e.g. I ) Please try to give an objective report of what happened.。

新编大学英语第二版第五册课文翻译及课后答案

新编大学英语第二版第五册课文翻译及课后答案

新编大学英语第二版第五册第二课练习答案
Post-Reading 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
2
1) Introduction: (Para.1) A homeless man expresses thanks to a man holding the door for him Setting: a local restaurant Characters: shoppers, families and students Situation: the coming and leaving of a homeless man 2) Main Body (Para.2-11) There’s a lack of good manners in today’s world. Supporting evidence: AAt the restaurant, no one thanked the people providing the service; (Para.2) BWomen hardly show their gratefulness to people for their help while driving; (Para.4) CFewer men hold open doors for those behind them; (Para.4) DVery often parents do not apologize for what their children do; (Para.7) EChildren are not schooled in social graces; (Para.8) FRude language is so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. (Para.10) 3) Conclusion (Para.12-13) The importance of manners: In a crowded world, being polite to each other helps ease our daily stress. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) B 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B

新编英语教程5unit14Cultivatingahobby课文翻译

新编英语教程5unit14Cultivatingahobby课文翻译

新编英语教程5 unit14 Cultivating a hobby课文课文翻译是预习的重点,大家要学会理解。

下面是新编英语教程5 unit14 Cultivating a hobby课文翻译,希望对大家有帮助。

Cultivating a HobbyWinston ChurchillA gifted American psychologist has said ,“Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair ,begins.培养业余爱好温氏顿丘吉尔一位极具天赋的心理学家曾经说过,“担忧是一种情感的突发;心里死死地纠缠着一件事,总是放不开。

”在这种情况下,心理的斗争是徒劳无功的。

心里越是挣扎,越是放不开。

唯一有用的就是巧妙地利用别的事情,分散注意力。

而且,如果这个别的事情选对了,并切实伴随着另一个兴趣领域的启发,逐渐地,通常也是非常快速地,这种担忧的情绪将会得到放松,平和的心情也就开始得到恢复。

新编大学英语5课文翻译

新编大学英语5课文翻译

In-class Reading 的课文翻译Unit 1 美女还是老虎?很久以前,有一个国王,非常野蛮,想像力却非常丰富。

他出了很多点子,其中一个就是建一个大竞技场来执行裁决。

在那里,罪恶受到惩治,美德得以回报。

当臣民被指控犯罪,而且其罪行足以令国王关注时,就会发布公告,告知在某一指定的日期,被指控者的命运将在国王的竞技场上决定。

所有人都已聚集在观众席上,而在竞技场的一边,国王高高地坐在他的御座上,周围簇拥着他的皇室成员及侍臣。

当所有人就座后,国王就会发出信号,接着他下面的一扇门就会打开,受到指控的臣民从这儿出来,走入竞技场。

在竞技场的另一边,国王的正对面有一模一样的两扇门,紧紧地挨着。

受审者直接走向这两扇门,打开其中的一扇,这是他必须做的事,也是他的特殊待遇。

他愿意打开哪扇门,就打开哪扇门。

他不会得到任何提示,只有凭运气。

他可能打开一扇门,里面会出来一只凶残饥饿的老虎。

老虎立即立即扑向他,将他撕得四分五裂。

这就是对他所犯罪行的惩罚。

但是,如果受审者打开另一扇门,里面会走出一位小姐,她是国王从国内众多美女中挑选出来的,是与他的年龄和身份最般配的;他必须立即与这位小姐结婚,这是对他清白无罪的回报。

也许他已有妻小,也许他已心有所属,但这一切都不重要。

婚礼会立即在竞技场上举行。

那时,钟声敲响,观众欢呼,这位无辜的人则领着他的新娘回家。

这就是国王进行裁决的方式。

其公正性是显而易见的。

如果被告有罪,他将立即受到惩治;如果清白,则当场得到回报。

这种制度非常受欢迎。

其中的不确定因素给这种场合增添了趣味性。

国王有一个漂亮任性的女儿,是国王的掌上明珠。

他爱她胜过爱任何人。

在他的侍臣中,有一位职位较低的年轻人,由于他英俊、勇武,公主爱上了他。

他们幸福地恋爱了好几个月之后,有一天被国王碰巧发现了。

国王立即将年轻人监禁起来,并定下日期要在竞技场审判他。

这样的案子以前从未发生过;以前也从未有任何臣民胆敢爱上国王的女儿。

为了寻找最凶猛的老虎带到竞技场上去,搜遍了整个王国所有关老虎的笼子。

全新版大学英语5(第二版)UNIT 1-7课文翻译英汉对照

全新版大学英语5(第二版)UNIT 1-7课文翻译英汉对照

UNIT 1 One Writer’s Beginnings1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She’d read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She’d read to me in the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with “Cuckoo,”and at night when I’d got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading “Puss in Boots,” for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats.我从两三岁起就知道,家中随便在哪个房间里,白天无论在什么时间,都可以念书或听人念书。

新编英语教程5(第三版李观仪)unit-8课文及译文参考

新编英语教程5(第三版李观仪)unit-8课文及译文参考

Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)

新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)

新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)Unit Eight: 为何样样失灵?(为何什么都没用?)根据著名学者摩非所发明的法则,“任何东西如果有坏的可能,它就一定会坏掉。

”摩非法则的推论为劣质商品问题提供了依据:任何东西如果可能会失效,它就一定会失效;任何东西如果可能解体,它就一定会解体;任何东西如果可能停止运转,它就会停止运转。

虽然摩非定律永远不会被推翻,但是它的效应通常却是可以被延缓的。

人类生存多半想能确保物品出厂后相当一段时间内不会坏掉、解体、失效或停止运转。

要想预防摩非法则对产品产生效应需要智慧、技术和承诺。

如果这些人为的输入得到专门的质量监控仪器、机械和科学的抽样工序的辅助,那就更好了。

然而,单单是质量监控仪和抽样调查将永远不能制胜,因为这些物件也受制于摩非法则。

质检仪器需要维修;计量器也会出故障;X光和雷射光束需要调整。

无论技术如何先进,保持高质量需要智慧、活跃的思想和行动。

回忆一下史前和工业化前人类的物质文化也许有助于说明我的意思。

博物馆里展览着简单的工业化前的社会所用的手工物品,只参观一次就足于打消质量得依赖技术这种观点。

手工物品也许设计简单甚至原始,但其制作意图却是要终生耐用。

我们敬慕“手工制作”的标签并愿意多花钱购买当今数量递减的手工艺人推出的珠宝、毛衣和手袋,就是承认了这一点。

波摩印地安人的篮子编得如此紧密,以至于用它来盛开水而滴水不漏;爱斯基摩人的皮船具有一系列无与伦比的综合优点,既轻巧结实又经得起风浪。

这些东西的质量源泉是什么?仅仅因为它们是手工制作的吗?我认为并非如此。

不熟练不经意的手做出来的篮子或船只也会和机器制的篮子或船一样迅速分崩离析。

我宁可认为我们之所以敬慕“手工制作”的标签,是因为它让人联想起的不是生产者和产品之间的技术关系,而是一种生产者和消费者之间的社会关系。

贯穿史前时期,保证产品最高程度的耐用性和持久性的是这一个事实:生产者和消费者不是同一个人就是同样的个体或是近亲。

新编大学英语第五册课后翻译1

新编大学英语第五册课后翻译1

新编大学英语第五册课后翻译1UNIT1The Tell-Tale Heart泄密的心1真的!我很紧张,非常紧张。

难道我疯了?看我会如何平静地给你们讲述整个事情的经过吧。

2我无法说清楚最初我脑子里是怎么产生这个念头的,但这念头一旦产生,就日夜缠扰着我。

我爱这个老人。

他从来没有对不起我。

对他的钱,我毫无欲望。

我想是因为他的眼睛,他的一只眼睛很像秃鹫的眼睛——淡蓝色的,上面蒙着一层薄翳。

每当那只眼睛看着我时,我周身的血就变得冰冷。

因此我渐渐地下决心,要干掉这个老人,这样我就可以永远地摆脱那只眼睛。

3在干掉老人的前一周里,我对他超乎寻常地好。

每天晚上,午夜前后,我就会拧开他房门的门闩把门翻开——哦,动作是那么轻!然后,在把门开了一个刚好能把头伸进去的小缝后,我先把一盏遮得严严实实、密不透光的灯放进去,然后再把头伸进去。

当我的头完全伸进房间后,我会小心翼翼地把灯罩解开一点,刚好让一线灯光不偏不倚地照在那只像秃鹫的眼睛上。

我这样持续了七个晚上,但是我发现那只眼睛始终闭着。

因此,我无法下手,因为令我恼火的不是这个老人,而是他那只邪恶的眼睛。

每天早晨,天一亮,我就大胆地走进他的房间,勇敢地跟他说话,直呼其名套近乎,还问他夜里睡得怎样。

4第八天的晚上,我开门时比往常更加小心。

当我把头伸进去,正准备掀开灯罩时,我的拇指在镀锡的扣拴上碰了一下,老人一下子从床上坐了起来,大声喊道:“谁啊?〞5我一动不动,也没吱声。

整整一个小时,我都纹丝不动。

与此同时,我也没有听到他躺下去。

他依旧坐在床上听着。

不久,我听到了一声轻轻的呻吟,我知道这是因恐惧而呻吟。

它不是痛苦或忧伤的呻吟——不是的!——这消沉的声音发自心灵的深处。

我知道他此时的感觉,很可怜他,尽管我在心里暗自发笑。

我知道他一直都醒着,而且他的恐惧在渐渐地加剧。

他试图认为自己的恐惧是毫无理由的,但却做不到。

他一直在对自己说:“只是烟囱里的风声吧;只是耗子在地板上跑的声音吧。

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U1 美女还是老虎?很久以前,有一个国王,非常野蛮,想像力却非常丰富。

他出了很多点子,其中一个就是建一个大竞技场来执行裁决。

在那里,罪恶受到惩治,美德得以回报。

当臣民被指控犯罪,而且其罪行足以令国王关注时,就会发布公告,告知在某一指定的日期,被指控者的命运将在国王的竞技场上决定。

所有人都已聚集在观众席上,而在竞技场的一边,国王高高地坐在他的御座上,周围簇拥着他的皇室成员及侍臣。

当所有人就座后,国王就会发出信号,接着他下面的一扇门就会打开,受到指控的臣民从这儿出来,走入竞技场。

在竞技场的另一边,国王的正对面有一模一样的两扇门,紧紧地挨着。

受审者直接走向这两扇门,打开其中的一扇,这是他必须做的事,也是他的特殊待遇。

他愿意打开哪扇门,就打开哪扇门。

他不会得到任何提示,只有凭运气。

他可能打开一扇门,里面会出来一只凶残饥饿的老虎。

老虎立即立即扑向他,将他撕得四分五裂。

这就是对他所犯罪行的惩罚。

但是,如果受审者打开另一扇门,里面会走出一位小姐,她是国王从国内众多美女中挑选出来的,是与他的年龄和身份最般配的;他必须立即与这位小姐结婚,这是对他清白无罪的回报。

也许他已有妻小,也许他已心有所属,但这一切都不重要。

婚礼会立即在竞技场上举行。

那时,钟声敲响,观众欢呼,这位无辜的人则领着他的新娘回家。

这就是国王进行裁决的方式。

其公正性是显而易见的。

如果被告有罪,他将立即受到惩治;如果清白,则当场得到回报。

这种制度非常受欢迎。

其中的不确定因素给这种场合增添了趣味性。

国王有一个漂亮任性的女儿,是国王的掌上明珠。

他爱她胜过爱任何人。

在他的侍臣中,有一位职位较低的年轻人,由于他英俊、勇武,公主爱上了他。

他们幸福地恋爱了好几个月之后,有一天被国王碰巧发现了。

国王立即将年轻人监禁起来,并定下日期要在竞技场审判他。

这样的案子以前从未发生过;以前也从未有任何臣民胆敢爱上国王的女儿。

为了寻找最凶猛的老虎带到竞技场上去,搜遍了整个王国所有关老虎的笼子。

同时对年轻漂亮的少女也进行了甄选,以便为他挑选一位最合适的新娘,以备此人命不该绝。

当然,众人皆知,他确实做了他被指控的事。

他爱公主,并对此供认不讳,然而国王却以此为乐,想看看这年轻人斗胆爱上公主究竟有没有错。

审判的日子到了。

人们从四面八方赶来,挤满了竞技场的观众席。

国王和他的侍臣们也来到了竞技场,正对着那两扇一模一样的门坐了下来。

一切准备就绪,信号发出,国王一行人下面的一扇门打开了,公主的情人走进了竞技场。

他高大英俊,人群中发出了一片赞叹声。

有半数的观众不知道竟然有这么一位气度不凡的青年生活在他们中间。

难怪公主会爱上他!让他出现在这样的场合真是太可怕了!当这位青年走进竞技场时,按照惯例,他转身向国王鞠躬,然而他脑子里却根本没有这位王室人物的存在。

他的眼睛只是死死地盯着坐在她父亲右边的公主。

自从要在竞技场上决定她情人命运的命令发出的那一刻起,公主的心里就再也没想过别的事。

由于她比以往任何一位与案件有关的人都具有更大的权利和更强的决心,她发现了这两扇门的秘密。

她知道哪扇门后面是敞开着的老虎笼,哪扇门后面有一位小姐等在那儿。

她凭借黄金和决心发现了这个秘密。

公主也知道那位小姐是谁。

她是宫廷中所有小姐中最漂亮的一位,公主嫉恨她。

公主经常看见,或者想像中看见,这位美人儿向她的情人暗送秋波,公主有时候也想到她的情人会回敬这位小姐的目光,她时不时地还看到他们在一起说话。

当公主的情人朝她看、两人四目相对时,他知道她清楚哪扇门后蹲着老虎,哪扇门后站着小姐。

他早就预料到她会知道的,因为他非常了解她的秉性和决心。

此时此刻他那迅速而焦急的一瞥就是在问这样一个问题:“哪扇门?”这个(用目光表示的)问题对她来说是再明白不过了,就像他从他站着的地方向她大声提问一样明白无误。

时间一刻都不能耽误。

问题是在一刹那间提出的,答案也必须在刹那间给出。

她抬起手,朝右边作了一个不起眼而且很快的手势。

除了她的情人以外,没有人看到她的这一动作。

每个人的眼睛都盯着竞技场上的这个人。

所有人都屏声息气,所有的眼睛依然盯着他。

他毫不犹豫地朝右边那扇门走去,并将它打开。

现在,故事的关键是:从这扇门出来的是老虎还是美女?对这个问题我们考虑得越多,就越难给出答案。

它涉及到对人们内心世界的研究,这种研究必然要经历一个个迂回曲折的激情迷宫,从中我们很难找到出路。

绝望和嫉妒交织在一起,像火一样煎熬着公主的心。

她已失去了他,但是谁应该得到他呢?多少次在醒着的时候,多少次在梦中,她想像着她的情人打开那扇门的情景,等在门的另一边的是老虎凶残的利齿!而更多的时候她看到他站在另一扇门前,看到他打开有美女的那扇门时的喜悦情形!每当她想像到他冲向那位眼睛里充满胜利喜悦的小姐时,她的心就像被灼烧一样。

她还想像到,一对佳人成婚,在花雨中走出竞技场时,人群中爆发出的阵阵欢呼声。

她自己那绝望的尖叫声则被人们的呼喊声淹没了。

让他立即死去难道不更好吗?然而,那可怕的老虎,那尖叫声,那鲜血!她的决定早就在刹那间已经表明,但这是经过无数个日日夜夜痛苦思索的结果。

她早就知道他会问她的,她也早已决定怎么来回答,而且她毫不犹豫地指向了右边。

她究竟作出了什么样的决定,对这个问题的考虑是不能轻率的,我也不会想当然地把自己当作是唯一能够回答这个问题的人。

因此我将这个问题交给你们:从打开的那扇门里走出来的是美女还是老虎?U2 不再有人停下来说声“谢谢”了我坐在邻近的一家供应家常口味外卖的餐馆里。

餐馆里顾客满堂,有疲惫而快乐的购物者、周末晚上外出就餐的家庭以及考试间隙出来小憩的大学生们。

暖暖的屋子里充满了嗡嗡的谈话声。

一个大家都熟悉的本地流浪汉——穿着虽不整齐却很干净——走了进来,点了餐,付了钱,接着坐下来静静地等他的外卖。

这时,所有的谈话都停了下来。

没人朝他看,而且好几个就餐者起身离开了。

他意识到了自己的出现使大家感到不自在。

当他要的外卖端出来时,他收拢自己的那些袋子和饭菜,提上它们,沉重、压抑地走向门口,准备再回到街上去。

正当他走到门口准备腾出一只手(去开门)时,一个正朝餐馆走来、穿戴讲究的男子侧身替他开了门。

这位流浪汉停住脚步,说了声:“非常感谢。

”这件偶然的小事使我感动的并不是一位富有的人帮助了一位不幸的人,而是那位无家可归者,尽管急于要逃离这满屋子讨厌他的人,却依然停下来感谢这位富人。

毫无疑问,他还感谢过所有给过他钱买饭的人。

我在排队买饭的时候,就没见到一个人感谢过柜台后为他们盛土豆泥的年轻人。

尽管这样,如果当时我在屋子里的人中做一下民意测验的话,我敢保证那儿的每个人都会认为自己要比街上的流浪汉更懂礼貌。

然而,我们中有多少人是真正的举止得体、彬彬有礼呢?一些观察到的现象令人吃惊。

当我让某个人(的车)并入我的车道时,男人几乎总是挥挥手对我的礼让表示感谢,而女人(“彬彬有礼”的性别)几乎从来不这么做。

更多的是女人而不是男人(“有骑士风度”的性别)为后面的人拉着门;这种礼仪细节,十几岁的男孩遵守得最少。

而且我再也看不到母亲教导孩子,不管是男孩还是女孩,当后面有人走过来时,应替那些人拉着门——在我小的时候,这是要求每个男孩都要做到的事。

礼貌是一种工具,它提醒我们周围还有别人存在。

我们的行为会相互影响,我们应该彼此谦让。

但是,如果今天的年轻人能够预示什么的话,那就是我们注定要形成一个人人为己的社会。

要是我做了某些我容忍今天的年轻人所做的那些事的话,那非把我父母气死不可,尽管这听起来也许是老生常谈。

我小时候从不在公共场合乱跑,更不会在商店的人群里穿来穿去。

如果我尖叫一声的话,就会被带到汽车旁,因举止不当而被父母训斥一番。

无论何时只要我在公共场合对别人无礼,我父母都要我自己去道歉,他们不替我去道歉。

这些让人难堪的时刻并没有伤害我;相反,他们使我认识到,除了我以外,还有别的人生活在这个世界上,而且我的行为影响了他们。

有些小孩在追逐其兄弟(或姐妹)时踩了我的脚,却没有一个孩子给我道过歉,而且也只有半数的父母会为此表示歉意。

他们常常只是把孩子叫拢来,看都不看我一眼,又把他们带到商店的另一处去乱跑。

如果不让小孩学会处理小事,那将来某个时候,他们又如何去收拾严重失言、失礼的场面呢?(我们所有人说不上某个时候就会不可避免地犯这种错误。

)我注意到孩子们甚至没有得到任何社交礼貌方面的教育。

一个周日,在吃早午餐时,一个小丑在为孩子们做动物气球。

我朋友的女儿,萨拉,站在我身边排队等着。

一个接一个的孩子抓过给他们的气球,然后——是的——跑开了。

当那个小丑把气球递给萨拉时,我提示孩子“你该说什么?”我是在场的唯一这样提示孩子的成人。

小丑满面笑容地看着我们,非常感激,因为他终于得到了认可。

然而我并不责怪孩子们。

他们仿效所看到的一切。

而他们亲眼目睹的是一个只关注所得的社会——无论是得到一栋理想的房子,还是在餐馆里再要一杯饮料,还是在拥挤的高速公路上占有一车之位——人们从不停下来向给予的人致谢。

说粗话现在是那么普遍,以至于成了被认可的行为。

我并不是指书本和电影中那些显而易见的脏话,也不是谈论与别的已被认可的脏话相比“该死”这个词已经无伤大雅。

我指的是缺乏考虑的用词。

比如说,当我和一个编辑讨论某个故事的构想时,一位非常年轻的职员问我是否就是那个打电话来了解情况的“妞儿”。

我沉默不语,心里明白如果我表现出不快,那么人们会认为是我过于敏感而不是他失礼。

今天,我们已建成了一个比以往任何时候都更加平等地对待不同种族、不同性别以及不同经济阶层的社会,大多数人为此而感到自豪。

不错,在这些方面,我们确确实实已经取得了很大的进步。

但是,同样是这些人,却认为突然超过在前面缓慢行走的一对老夫妇之前,不必说一句“对不起,请让一让”,这难道不具有讽刺意味吗?(我们)没必要对家庭分裂、社会结构瘫痪、民主的代价再进行分析来解释我们这个社会究竟出了什么问题。

现在要做的事很简单,就是下一次当你需要帮助时,感谢向你伸出援助之手的人。

在一个拥挤的世界里,礼貌是极其重要的。

人们之间细微但友好的交往有助于减轻日常生活中的压力,比如说,我们不得不赶时间,不得不想方设法挤入拥挤的大道,还得一次次排队去跟某位办事员打交道,或为账单上的一个差错要一再打客户服务电话等等。

礼貌使我们意识到,我们所拥有的每样东西都是有来源的。

难道我们真的承受着那么巨大的压力以至于不能停一下来践行一点简单的礼仪吗?U3 从雨林中学到的经商之道对于我自己企业的未来,或许对世界的未来,环境和正在出现的信息经济是两个至关重要的问题。

在我看来,这两个话题像是密切相关的。

在某种程度上,这或许是因为我为三菱电气公司工作的缘故,我看到了我们对环境的影响。

但是,有关商业、环境和经济相互间关系的最重要学问我不是从自己的公司里学到的,而是从雨林中学到的。

我到亚洲旅行时,参观了马来西亚的雨林。

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