第九讲-重复法

As was mentioned above, in a news report, “英国 首相撒切尔夫人” is given such different names to avoid the repetition of the same name. However, in Chinese the use of many different names for the same person may seem unnatural, or even cause ambiguity. As a result, we should put great emphasis on this distinction between these two languages in English writing and E-C translation.
Examples
The monkey’s most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed. 这猴子最拿手的本领就是学会了开拖拉机 拖拉机。 这猴子 拖拉机 九岁时，这只了不起的猴子 猴子就已经学会了用 猴子 一只手驾驶拖拉机 拖拉机。 拖拉机
Categorical Analysis
Grammatical Repetition (语法性重复） Rhetorical Reduplication and Repetition （修辞性重叠和重复）
Grammatical Repetition
Grammatical repetition often results from differences in grammar and usage between the two languages. What is usually omitted or substituted in English grammatically may often be repeated in Chinese. As is all-known, clarity is more important than conciseness. If we cannot make our version both clear and brief, by all means make it clear first. Repetition can help make it clear in translation, and, at the same time remedy ambiguity.
为了明确, 为了习惯… 为了明确 为了习惯
We have to analyse and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
为了强调
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he. 我已提前完成交给我的工作，他也提前完成
Rhetorical Reduplication and Repetition
Reduplication of Chinese characters and repetition of words are favorite devices in Chinese. It is one of the peculiarities of Chinese to reduplicate characters or words in translation, which can render translations more appealing to Chinese readers because expressiveness can be heightened by reduplication of characters or words and repetition of words or expressions to achieve “结构美、均衡美、节奏美”.
Repetition
重复法
英语行文多替代 汉语行文多重复 ——吴群
Theoretical Discussion
Grammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetorical or significant repetition can also be found in English.
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships. 在长期反殖民、反霸权、反旧体制的斗争中，我们 两国建立了牢固的友谊。 Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind. 读书开拓视野；说话开拓口才；写作开拓思维。
不管是在英语还是在汉语里，句子重复使用词或词 组都是存在的。英语 英语往往是在修辞时 在修辞时才使用重复 重复， 英语 在修辞时 重复 一般情况下要避免重复。 一般情况下要避免重复 在英语里，无论是口语还是书面语，人们都不习惯 重复。他们避免的重复成分小至单词大至句子。凡 凡 是意义相同或只是部分相同的词语， 是意义相同或只是部分相同的词语，再此提起时都 省略不出现，以避免重复。 省略不出现，以避免重复。 但汉语则不仅在修辞时使用重复，而且在一般情况 在一般情况 下也大量使用重复。重复是汉语一个明显的特点 重复是汉语一个明显的特点。 下也大量使用重复 重复是汉语一个明显的特点 不过，汉语里的重复不会给人单调乏味或啰嗦之感， 相反可以增强文章的战斗力。这是英汉语的重要差 别之一。
重复法实际上是一种增词法， 重复法实际上是一种增词法，只不过增加的 词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样， 词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样， 本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词， 本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词， 但有时为了明确、强调或生动， 但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要 将一些关键性的词加以重复。 将一些关键性的词加以重复。
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Mrs Thatcher won by a clear margin, and became prime minister five days after John Major’s resignation. The Iron Lady remained MP for Finchley until 1992, but even after leaving Westminster she continued to be a formidable force in …the leader of the Conservative Party became a familiar figure internationally, striking up a famous friendship with US President Reagan and gaining the praise of Soviet leader Gorbachev. These big potatoes planned to pay an official visit to the first woman Prime Minister of the U.K.
He speaks English, and that very well. 他说一口英语，而且说得很好。 Peace-loving people can only wish that the victory in election be utilized and consolidated, and that a stable government be formed in that country. 爱好和平的人们仅能祝愿选举的胜利能被利用和巩 固，祝愿该国能组建一个稳定的政府。 John’s bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car. 约翰给自己买了一辆新福特车。他几乎住在他的福 特车里了。
They carried with them different tools, machines and iron and steel plates. 他们随身带了各种不同的工具、机器、铁板
和钢板。 和钢板。
We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure. 我们需要能耐高温高压的材料。
Bayonets flashed and were still. A success signal soared. 一道道刺刀寒光闪闪，却一动不动 一动不动。这时， 寒光闪闪， 一动不动 空中高高地划出一道成功的信号。 Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look. 他在空房里来来回回地走动着，不时地停下 来，四处摸一摸，看一看。 四处摸一摸，
交给他的工作。 交给他的工作。
为了生动
天苍苍，野茫茫… The sky is blue blue; And the steppe wide, wide;
定语从句后，有时…
We have advocate the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more… 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前…
Practice in class
Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free. 你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。 Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
To become a household word 家喻户晓 Ever changing 永恒变化 By hook or by crook 想方设法 Back and forth 翻来覆去 To and fro 来来往往 One has one’s own way 各有各的方法
Choose whichever you please 喜欢什么就挑 什么。 I’ll go; what do I have to be afraid of? 去就去。怕什么怕？ He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁就笑的最甜。 Talk much, err much 说多错多。