非谓语动词语法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解

一、非谓语动词的概念

动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done

二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）

不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式完成式进行式

不定式主动to do to have done to be doing

被动to be done to have been done

ing 形式主动doing having done

被动being done having been done

过去分词被动done

四、非谓语动词的否定形式

在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing

五、非谓语动词的复合结构

不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.

动词ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)

六、非谓语动词的做题步骤

1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.

学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较

1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语

a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. The walk

B. Walking

C. To walk

D. Walk

(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B

b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.

注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：

It’s no good / use doing sth. It’s useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth.

2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较

1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：

My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)

Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. （主表语要用同一种形式）

2、分词作表语

记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，

用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)，surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move （感动），

如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.

3、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove / turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.

非谓语动词练习题精选

pretended me when I passed by.

A. not to see seeing C. to not see not seen

2. -Have you decided when -Yes, tomorrow morning.

A. to leave be leaving you leave you leaving

summer I took a course on .

to make dresses to be made dressed

dresses be made dresses to be made

warned his daughter after drinking.

never drive driving to drive drive

knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.

growing grow

was made the truck for a week as a punishment.

wash be washing

7. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .

on sat D .be sat on

is easy these questions.

be answered answering her to answer

easier than doing. talk

't forget your lawyer this weekend.

meet met

am afraid I forget you before. meet

pen is rather old, but it is all right for me to .

with written written with

doesn't know to say or not.

he will

doctor advises less and more exercise.

eat ; to take ; to take ; taking eat ;taking

are you going to do this afternoon -I'm thinking of to visit my aunt.

gone going

deer was lucky that it just missed .

be caught caught catch

should keep on English every day.

practise to speak practise speaking to speaking

student doesn't mind when he speaks English.

A. laughed laughed at be laughed at

sentence needs .

improvement