高考英语一轮语法突破 第十一讲 定语从句

第十一讲定语从句

考点一关系代词引导的定语从句

1．(2014·武昌调研)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________________ clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(need) 洪水过后，灾区人民急需干净的饮用水和、药物和帐篷来渡过难关。

答案：who urgently needed

2．(2014·宜昌调研)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________________________.(affect)

这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角来讲述地震中发生的故事的。

答案：whose lives were affected

3．(2014·随州调研)Do you still remember the food company ____________________ ten years ago? (work)

你还记得十年前我父亲参观过的那家食品厂吗？

答案：which my father visited

考点二关系副词引导的定语从句

4．(湖北高考) The city ________________ is very hot and damp in summer.(grow) 我成长的那座城市夏季非常炎热、药物和潮湿。

答案：where/in which I grew up

5．(2014·孝感调研)It's helpful to put children in a situation ____________________________ differently.(see)

将孩子们置身于他们以不同方式看待自己的境地非常有益。

答案：where they can see themselves

6．(2014·十堰调研)The days are gone ________________________________.(look) 妇女被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。

答案：when women are looked down upon

考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

7．(2013·湖北高考)Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two ________________ me greatly.(influence)

上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。

答案：of whom influenced

8．(湖北高考)Learning strategies, to ________________________ importance, have not yet drawn enough attention to students.(attach)

老师们认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们的重视。

答案：which (the) teachers attach

考点四as, which引导的定语从句

9．(湖北高考)________________________many times, serving the people is our first policy.(mention)

正如多次提到的那样，为人民服务是我们的首要方针。

答案：As has been mentioned

10．(2014·武汉调研)Mary is much kinder to Jack than she is to the others, ________________ all the others upset.(make)

玛丽对杰克要比对别人好得多，这使得其他人感到不安。

答案：which makes

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句

①The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang.

我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。

②Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(北京高考)

很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。

③I'd like a room whose window (＝ the window of which) looks out over the sea.

我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。

(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。

(2)whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。

2．that, which引导的定语从句

①He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.

他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。

②All the people that come from the country work much harder.

所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。

③This is the best play that was written by Jack.

这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。

④That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)

那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。

(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。

(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。

(3)下列情况只用that不用which：

①先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词；

②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；

③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；

④先行词被the only, the very (正是，恰是)，the last修饰；

⑤先行词中既有人也有物；

⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

①When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)

当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。

②I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.

我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。

③The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.

我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

④Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?

这就是他在会议上解释他无礼的原因吗？

⑤They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

⑥Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.

记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。