跨文化交际英文版9 Cultural Diversity

A. What is Cultural Diversity?

Cultural diversity is the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.

B. Individualism vs. Collectivism
The nail that sticks up will be pounded down.
Title
Title
枪打出头鸟。
Title
The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
Gerard Hendrik Hofstede
Group Activity
Name the differences between Individualism and Collectivism and support your ideas with examples.
Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Unit 9
Cultural Diversity
In today’s class, we’ll…

understand diversity among different cultures;
distinguish individualism from collectivism; summarize dominant American cultural patterns.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty Avoidance
High-uncertaintyavoidance culture:
“What is different, is dangerous.”
Low-uncertaintyavoidance culture:
“What is different, is curious”
An individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.
Individualist and Collectivist Cultures

A collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.
Case Study 1

During the American Civil War, a very hungry young man fell down in front of a farm gate. The farmer gave him food but in return he asked the young man to move a pile of wood in his yard—in fact it was not at all necessary to move the wood. When the young man left, the farmer moved the wood back to its original place. Seeing all this, the farmer’s son was confused.






Joke appreciation for cultural diversity A young lady’s miniskirt was accidentally torn open by a young man. Please decide where they come from according to their responses to this incident. 1. Before the man saying sorry, the woman bowed down and said in a tender voice: sorry, it is all my fault. It is all the bad quality of my skirt. I am sorry for the trouble I have brought to you. Japan: Over-courtesy and male-dominated 2. Before the man saying sorry, the woman gave him a name-card and said: “This is my lawyer’s phone number. He will talk with you about your sex harassment. See you in the court.” America: A place where law talks! 3. Before the man saying sorry, the woman covered the torn part of the skirt with a newspaper in hand and shyly said: “Sir, can you send me home? It is not very far from here.” Then the young man put his coat on the girl and called a taxi to send her home. England: Gentle and conservative 4. Before the man saying sorry, the woman gurgled and put her hand on the man’s shoulder: “Sir, if you do not mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.” Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt. France: Friendly and romantic
Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium, and Japan.
Denmark, Sweden, the United States, Finland, Netherlands and Ireland.
Power Distance
Hierarchical order India, Brazil, Singapore, Greece, Venezuela, Mexico, and Philippines
High
Low
equalization Australia, Finland, Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, and Israel
Masculinity and Femininity
M
Characteristics: Men are taught to be domineering and assertive and women nurturing. Men--- provider Women---homemaker and breeder.
Hofstede’s Four Cultural Value System

Cultural Dimensions Theory
CULTURE
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Power
Masculinity
Distance
vs. Femininity
Individualism vs. Collectivism
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大家好才是真的好，好迪真好。
Poetry in motion, dancing close to me.
To me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color.
We lead. Others copy. The new digital era.
C. Dominant American Cultural Patterns

① Individualism— the interests of the individual are paramount
China
U.S.A.
Schools class groups; same no class group; courses different courses Parties a shared meal; a set of performances cocktail party; different conversation partners
F
Characteristics: Stress caring and nurturing behaviors. Promotes sexual equality. Interdependence and androgynous behavior are the ideal.
Representative nations: Ireland, the Philippines, Greece, South Africa, Australia, Japan, Italy, and Mexico.
பைடு நூலகம்
individualism
Independence Self-reliance Self-esteem egalitarianism

Case Study 2

An American couple came to Beijing to work as foreign teachers for the first time in their lives. They had a three-year-old son. Since both of them worked, they hired a Chinese housemaid, who was in her late 40s. One of her jobs was to take their son to a kindergarten in the morning and pick him up and bring him home again in the afternoon. She found this the most difficult among all her tasks. Every day when it was time to take the boy to kindergarten there was bound to be a fight with the boy because she insisted on carrying the boy in her arms or at least holding his hand; but the boy never liked it. He preferred to walk by himself. After a few days, she quit the job.
Representative nations: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands.
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualist and Collectivist Cultures