初中英语语法宾语从句

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语

概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.

He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

1.引导词

(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。

Eg: She said,“I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there.

(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。

Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said.

She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.

I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .

I’m not sure whether he will come or not.

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外

a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if

eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.

b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.

eg:I can’t say whether or not he will come on time

c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.

Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.

Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.

(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.

E.g. ‘What do you want?’ He asked. He asked me what I wanted.

I have no idea where he is now. I don’t know how to deal with it.

He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.

2.宾语从句时态

a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制

eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?

I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.

She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态

She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)

I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）

I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）

注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：

Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）

The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）

3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他

* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me）

Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?

*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.）

He asked if she had seen the movie.

*Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?

宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：

一，引导词

A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。

例：I told him that he was wrong.

l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。

例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)

l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。

例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)

B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。

例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.

The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.

l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导

例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。

l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.

例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.

l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.

例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.