性别差异产生的原因英文版

1、 Gender differences in the biological process
Physiol ogical and social theory
2、Biological differences and gender identity
3、Biological roots of psychological differences between the sexes
一、 Physiological and social theory
Moni and others put forward the theory of biological society stressed that the physical development before birth and this physiological factors on the gender of children have a decisive significance.
• 2.Biological differences and gender identity
(1) a sense of gender identity is the core of gender formation and the key. (2) social environment and bringing up decisive about gender identity must meet certain conditions: ①, gender must be earlier in children's lives (18 months to age 3) confirmed ② parents on children's gender confirmed delay ambiguity will result in sex differentiation of imperfect (3) gender identity once it will be difficult to change. Women seem to be more likely to smooth the formation of gender identity.
三、Theory of cognitive development and theory of gender schema (Kohlberg)
Kohlberg argues that the socialization of children's gender must be based on gender identity recognition (gaining gender stability and constantness). The results showed that the higher the level of cognition, the more appropriate sex-based behavior of
1.Gender differences in the biological process
Divided into several steps: the genetic determinant of conception; the role of the gonad during embryonic development; Through the blood sex hormones to the male and female reproductive system, external reproductive system and brain differentiation. (1) gender genetic decision (2) gonads and sex hormones (3) sex hormones and brain differentiation
The reasons for the formation of gender differences
Physiological Social Theory (Moni)
Social learning theory
Theory of cognitive development and theory of gender schema (Kohlberg)
children
Gender schemata is a cognitive structure, it is nothing about observations, aesthetic 11 imitating with gender organizations such as. Gender schema theory emphasizes environmental pressures common shape gender roles and children's cognitive development.
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二、 Social learning theory 1.The Influence of Parents on the Formation of Children 's Gender Role 2.The Influence of School Education on the Socialization of Gender Sex Role 3.Partnership and the formation of gender roles
3、Biological roots of psychological differences between the sexes
(1) gender differences Psychology and heredity: biological sex by a pair of sex chromosomes, men and women similar to far more than differences. (2) gender differences in psychology and sex hormones Sex hormones have an important effect on the psychological behavior of both sexes ①aggressive behavior directly affected by male hormone levels ②understanding of the raising behavior ③female sex hormones were cyclical fluctuations ------- female variable, the feelings of fragile?
二、Social learning theory
Children are observed by direct or indirect reinforcement, forming the initial preference for sex-type toys and activities. "Observe learning" and "example" (parent, companion)
1.The Influence of Parents on the Formation of Children 's Gender Role
1. There is no doubt that teachers are gender roles for students The formation has a crucial impact. This influence promotes the differentiation of the roles of both sexes from different aspects. 2. Many studies have shown that the gender roles in the textbooks used in schools are a clear reflection of the stereotyped view of social culture on gender roles. Many societies reflect the different roles of men and women in the textbooks, so that the story of the textbook depicts the role of men and women is different.
1. The more children act in accordance with the gender roles of traditional societies, the more they will be accepted by their peers, and vice versa. As the age grows, the influence of the partnership is growing, well aware of the influence of the parents and the teacher. The individual may form a habit and love plays an important role. After it has entered puberty, adolescents are increasingly paying attention to their peers 'groups, and they are increasingly exposed to the values, customs and customs of their peers' culture.