英语语法精讲之非谓语动词
英语语法精讲（非谓语动词）
顾名思义，非谓语动词即是没有在英语语句中作为谓语使用的动词及动词短语，包括不定式，现在分词，过去分词及动名词四种类型。
?不定式
不定式的形式有一般式to do,一般式的被动形式to be done;进行式 to be doing;完成式to have done以及完成式的被动形式to have been done.
A.不定式的功能：
在英语语句中作主语，例句：
It is necessary for us to set a goal in life and get ourselves motivated by it all the time.
To accomplish such a heavy load of work in the given time is rather beyond his ability,indeed.
To be or not to be is a question.
作宾语，例句：
We did not expect to be greeted with such warmth at our arrival.
He decided to face the punishment rather than attempt to escape.
作表语，例句：
Our duty is to fulfill our personal value and make contributions to our nation’s grow in the meantime.
His job with the company is to plan for campaigns to promote their products in market.
特别提示：如果主语是不定代词或者疑问代词时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略，例句： Faced with such a severely doubtful outcome,all we can do is (to) keep mute. What can been done with the present matter is make a quick move to stop the spread of the disease.
作定语，例句：
The invited guest to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony has arrived ahead of schedule.
The letter to be posted lies on the manager’s desk.
特别提示：作定语的不定式在主动式to和被动式to be done之间的选用原则是看句中是否有不定式动词的逻辑主语，如果有，使用to do 作定语，否则就要使用to be done。请注意以上两个例句不定式主动式和被动式的选用。
作状语,通常为目的状语，例句：
We’ll have to start out some ten minutes to arrive on schedule in case of a traffic jam.
He actually did not mean to speak out those words to hurt you anyway.
作同位语解释前边它所修饰的名词，例句：
Our duty,to keep the passengers safe,is sometimes rather challenging while traveling across those African countries.
作主语补足语和宾语补足语，例句,
We feel rather embarrassed if we are caught to be cheating in exams.
It is a bitter thing when teachers and parents or on frequent occasions, life itself make us devote ourselves into our studies.
特别提示：使役动词make,let,have，及感官动词see,watch,feel look at,observe,hear 等，的宾语后的宾语补足语的不定式符号to要强行省掉。
?现在分词，基本形式doing, 被动式 being done
作定语，例句：
Kids going to school far away from their home may enjoy some sort of better educational resources,but suffer greater losses in their close relation to their parents meanwhile.
The man winning the first prize of the huge some of cash will be kept anonymous. （注意，现在分词作定语时，和被修饰的对象之间一定是逻辑的主谓关系。一般单独的一个现在分词作定语是前置定语，现在分词短语定语一般后置。）
作谓语动词的伴随状语，例句：
Friends are those who usually make their presence when they are needed,coming to your help or offering you comforts.
Failing again the driving license test,he decided to give in.
作主语补足语和宾语补足语，例句：
Anyone caught committing any crime in the tiny country receives severe punishment, most times capital punishment indeed.
（caught committing any crime 是个过去分词短语作定语，而其中的committing any crime 作主补。）
Shortage of income gets many people working longer hours these days.
?过去分词，唯一的形式：done
作状语，例句：
Beaten in the final game,our team once again narrowly missed the championship. They were arrested on the scene,found performing commercial cheats.
作定语，例句：
The newly built villa at the foot of the mountain disturbs the natural surroundings,which used to be source of income as a tourist attraction.
The employees blamed for the loss are concerned about the risk of be fired. 特别提示：过去分词作定语要分清及物动词和不及物动词来理解并掌握。及物动词的过去分
词作定语，和被修饰对象之间一定是逻辑的动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，和被修饰之间是逻辑的主谓关系，表动作完成。例句：
Crops grown here in the field are expecting a good harvest in autumn.
Crops grown in autumn are demanding harvest in time,before the rain season destroys them.
作主语补足语和宾语补足语，例句：
The Covid-19 disease, if left untreated,causes high rate of loss of life.
The police will not leave the victims stuck in the broken car.
补充独立自主结构：
(中学期间不要求掌握这个语法知识，但还是有可能在阅读中出现，能够学通这一语法难点更好。)
先看例句：
Water heated,we see vapor come out of it.
Weather permitting,the picnicking camp will be held as scheduled.
通常情况下，无论是现在分词还是过去分词做状语，分词动词和句子都有逻辑关系。如果是逻辑的主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语；如果是逻辑的动宾关系，则使用过去分词作状语。而上边的两个例句却不是这种语境表述。分词动词heat（加热）和句子主语we之间没有逻辑关系，或者没有讲话人需要突出阐明的逻辑关系。heat和讲话人要讲述的对象water，有着逻辑关系，那么water以主格的形式置于heat之前，由于它们之间是逻辑的动宾关系，所以使用过去分词heated,便构成了water heated这样的过去分词的独立主格结构，作状语。
第二个例句里，主语the picnicking camp和permit之间没有逻辑关系，而讲话人需要阐述weather的一些信息，且它和permit 之间有逻辑的主谓关系，permitting紧随weather 以主格形式之后，构成weather permitting这样的现在分词独立主格结构。
由于普通名词的主格和宾格形式是一样的，容易忽略它需要以主格形式使用。如果是代词，就一定要小心，如下：
They found trapped in the traffic jam,the police are fighting to clear a way for them to move ahead.
She shocked by the sudden news,some disturbing voice are sounded within herself.
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)
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高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 打印版
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初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法知识—非谓语动词的知识点
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
北京学位英语语法精讲：名词性从句
北京学位英语试题精讲：名词性从句 1._____ you don’t know the rule won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure. A. It is B. That C. Because D. What 【答案】B此题考查的是that引导的主语从句。这句话的意思是：你不知道规则，这不是解释你失利的充分理由。其他选项都不能引导。 2.___ was unimportant. A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner C. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner 【答案】A。本句为主语从句，意思是“他是否喜欢我们的饭不重要。”只有A最符合题意。 3.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good. A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does 【答案】D。每天游泳对我们有好处。从句作主语谓语动词用单数。 4. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 【答案】C。什么控制着二氧化碳的在大气中的进入和输出。 5. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C: 'Whatever D. Whichever 【答案】D。不论哪一队赢。 6. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ________ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 【答案】A.他一回来我就告诉他你什么时候来看他。 7. John has a new car. I wonder__________ it. A. he got B. when did he get C. why he is getting D. when he got 【答案】D.约翰买了一辆新车，我想知道他什么时候买的。 8. We don’t know how ____in the park. A. the little boy got lost B. did the little boy get lost C. was the little boy lost D. tin- little boy lost 【答案】A.我们不知道这个小孩在公园里迷路了。 9. I can't remember __to come here and get my bad teeth fixed. A. I have how many times B. how many times have I C. how many times will I have D. how many times I have 【答案】D.我都记不清多少次来这里安牙了。 10. ——Is that your watch? ——No, I can't tell _____.
初中英语语法精讲全(教师版)
初中英语语法 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足 语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他 给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接 宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法知识精讲精练动词
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高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】
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8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
(完整版)六年级英语语法知识点汇总
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非谓语动词用法归纳语法
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
北京学位英语语法精讲：倒装句
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成人学位英语语法 反意疑问句
学位英语试题精讲：反意疑问句 1. The little boy dare not go to church, ______ A. dare he B. daren't he C. does he D. doesn't he 【答案】A 小男孩不敢去教堂，是吗？dare在这里是情态动词。 2. I wish to shake hands with you, ______ A. shall I B. may I C. do I D. will I 【答案】B 我想和你握手，可以吗？ 3. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______ A. should he B. shouldn't he C. would he D. wouldn't he 【答案】B 他应该乘飞机去Kwangchow，是吧？ 4. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______ A. mustn't they B. haven't they C. didn't they D. hadn't they 【答案】C 他们昨晚一定是呆在宾馆里了，是吧？ 5. We never dared to ask him a question, ______ A. did we B. didn't we C. dared we D. daren't we 【答案】A 我们从不敢问他问题，是吧？ 6. Don't forget to post the letter for me, ? A. do you B. will you C. are you D. can you 【答案】B 凡是do not 引领得祈使句，反意疑问句用will you 来反问 7. Please let us have more time, ___. A. shall we B. will you C. won’t D. Don’t you 【答案】B 本题考查的是反意疑问句的用法。以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问用will you。再给我们一些时间，好吗？ 8. Let’s start working on the project, _____? A. shall we B. will we C. don’t we D. aren’t we 【答案】A 前面的句子用let’s后面就用shall we,反意疑问句的特例，需记住。 9. Let John finish the work all by himself,___________? A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. do we
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湖南成人教育学位英语【语法】重点详细解析(一)
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