教案1(倒装结构)

教案

(试讲人：张金艳)

教学日期：教学对象：教学时间：

教学目标：掌握倒装结构及其用法；

教学重点及难点：部分倒装及其用法；

教学内容： 1.全部倒装及其用法；

2.部分倒装及其用法；

3. as, though 引导的倒装句；

4.其他部分倒装；

教学步骤：

Reviewing：

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Main content:

一、全部倒装及其用法

全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时或用于SV(A)/SVO/SV(C)三个句式结构中，常见的结构有：

1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：

1) There, at the summit, stood the castle in its medieval splendor.

(A) [A] V S

2) Then came the chairman.

(A) V S

3) Here comes the bus.

(A) V S

4) In went the sun and down came the rain.

[A] V S [A] V S

5) “Go away!” said one child; “And don’t come back!” growled another.

(O) V S (O) V S

6) Equally inexplicable was his behavior towards his son.

(C) V S

2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：

1) The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.

(A) V S

2) Ahead sat an old woman.

(A) V S

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装，这是因为代词的分量很弱，不能位于句子末尾。例如：

1) Here he comes. 他来了。

2) Away they went.他们走了。

3.拟声动词位于句首，谓语动词常用come, go. 例如：

1）Bang! Bang! came three reports of firecrackers.

2) Click-click went the old o’clock.

二、部分倒装及其用法

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1.句首为否定或半否定的词语或带有否定意义的词，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, nowhere, scarcely, barely, at no time, not only, not once, under on condition, hardly … when, no sooner …than …等。例如：

1) Never have I seen such a performance.

2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

3) Scarcely had he started speaking when heckling broke out.

4) Seldom had I seen her so upset.

5) Little did I think a few years ago that I would be so lucky to marry a pretty

girl.

6) Under no circumstances must the switch be left on.

7) By no means will I take it as feasible.

8) On no account will he accept it as reasonable.

9) Only in this way is it possible to explain their action.

注意：如果only引导的句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

10) Not a single book had he read that month.

11) In no other country do so many newspapers devote so large proportion of

their spaces.

12) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：

a) I have never seen such a performance.

b) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

13) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

14) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

15) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

注意：只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：

Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜欢音乐。

2.表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：

1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

2) If you won't go, neither will I.

3) He hasn’t met them before and nor has Mary.

注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如：

1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

2) ---It's raining hard.---So it is.

句型：A is B, so is C. 表C也是

A is B, so A is. 表确实如此

3.表示频度的副词，如thus, many a time, often等位于句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：

Thus began a journey the end of which would never come.

Many a time has Mike given me good advice.

Often did we go for walks together.

4.在比较从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，句子可作部分倒装。例如：

Oil costs less than would atomic energy.

I spent much more money than did my friends.

She was as delighted with the suggestion as were the other classmates.

三、as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。此时应注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.