被动语态的用法和主动句变被动句

主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• We often see him go for a walk by the river.
• He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.
• Make sb do sth • See sb do sth • Hear sb do sth • Watch sb do sth
主动: make sb.do sth. 被动: be made to do sth.
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• (6) It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 • 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 • “It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句” • 或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： • It is said that… 据说, • It is reported that…据报道， • It is believed that…大家相信， • It is hoped that…大家希望， • It is well known that…众所周知， • It is thought that…大家认为， • It is suggested that…据建议。 • 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. • （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
主动句变被动句
• (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 • (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) • (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数， 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决 定be的形式)。 • (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后 作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
从主动语态变为被动语态
被动语态的用法
• (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 • 例：The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） • (4) 在传递命令或要求的时候，为了缓和语气， 通常用被动语态让听者感觉此事对事不对人。 • 例： The books can’t be taken out of the reading room. （书不能被拿出阅览室。）
常见的被动结构：
• • • • • • • • • • • • （1）.be covered with 被……覆盖 （2）.be made of 由……制作（发生物理变化） be made from 由……制作（发生化学变化） be made in 在（某地）制造 be made by 被（某人）制造 3）be used for被用来…… be used as 被当作(作为)……来使用 be used to do sth．被用来做某事 （4）.It is said that… 据说…… It is reported / believed that… 据报道/据认为… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is well known that… 众所周知……
•
• •
（2）主语+谓语+ to/for+间接宾语（人）+ by + 宾语。
（原直接宾语物）（be done ）
如：give
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
be given to
My father gave me a new Sb give sb1 sth. Sb 1 be given sth by sb. book . Sth be given to sb1 by sb.
1.主语 2.谓语 3.宾语 介词by 宾语 加be,并变为过去分词 主语
The boy broke the glass.
变化： 示例
The glass was broken by the boy.
主动句变被动句
• 主动句： 主语 + 谓语 • （执行者） + 宾语。 （承受者）
• 被动句： 主语 + 谓语 + by +宾语。 • （承受者）（be+done） （执行者） • All the people laughed at him. • • He was laughed at by all the people.
练
习
[1]. The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw
主动句变被动句
• （1） We
• • • • •
must finish this work soon. This work must be finished soon. （2） Tom has locked the door. The door has been locked by Tom. （3）They clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned every day.
练
习
[9]. Children should ___. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of 固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的 介词或副词
二、常见语态转换 （一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态 1.Lucy bought some fruit. was______ bought _____ by Lucy. Some fruit _____ 2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers ___ are _______ watered ____ by Uncle Wang every day. 3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? built in 1998? ____ the bridge _____ Was 4.When did Lu Xun write these books? written ____ by Lu Xun? When _____these books _______ were 5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm. aren’t _____ grown on the farm. Apples _____ 6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday. wasn’t________ cleaned yesterday. The classroom _______ 小结： 1、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定_____ _______永不 be 形 是关键，过去分词 变。 主动时态 2、Be的时态由_______________ 确定；be的单/复数由____________ 被动主语 确定。 be 后加not. 3、问句提前__________; 否定________ be动词
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• （3）带双宾语的句子有两种改法: 一般情况下 把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.当把直接宾语 物作为主语时，要加介词to,for
• 主动语态：主语 +谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）
• 被动语态：（1）主语+谓语+ 直接宾语（物）+ by + 宾语。
• •
（原间接宾语人）（be done ）
Passive Voice (2)
By Grace Wong From Shifosi Junior High School
被动语态的用法 歌诀： • 谁做的动作不知道， • 说出谁做的没必要； • 动作承受者需强调， • 被动语态运用到。
•
被动语态的用法
• (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 • 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不 知道电脑是谁偷的) • This book was published in 1981.这本书 出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）
被动语态的用法
• (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行 者。 • 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗 户是迈克打破的。 • This book was written by Lu Xun.这 本书是鲁迅写的。 • The dinosaur eggs were found in the Gebi Desert in the 1960s. 那些恐龙蛋是20 世纪60年代在戈壁滩上被发现的。
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• （3）带双宾语的句子有两种改法: 一般情况下 把指人的间接宾语作为被动句的主语.当把指物 的直接宾语作为主语时，要加介词to,for • Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间 物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语) • -- I was given a book by Vivian. • --A book was given to me by Vivian. （直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• • • • （1）时态保持一致。 I have repaired my computer. My computer has been repaired. （2）有些相当于及物动词的短语动词，如“动 词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于 被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分 开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 • 例 All the people laughed at him. • He was laughed at by all the people.
mend…
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• （4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为 主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变 为被动句的主语，宾补形式不变，但在被动句中 称为主语补足语。 • They call him Louis. • He is called Louis. • Our teacher often asks us to be careful. • We are often asked to be careful by our teacher.
此类动词有： pass, show, send… buy be bought for
Sb buy sb1 sth. Sb 1 be bought sth by sb. Sth be bought for sb1 by sb.
My father bought me a new book .
此类动词还有：draw，make, cook,
主动句变被动句需要注意的问题
• (5)如果主动句是含复合宾语的句子，即句子结 构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补，主动语态句中动 词make, let(使sb做sth), notice, see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，后面接 的是省略to的不定式在做宾语补足语，则变成被 动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. • Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. • --He was made to wash the dishes.
be made to do sth be seen to do sth. be heard to do sth be watched to do sth
主动: see / hear sb. do sth 被动: be seen / heard to do sth 主动: see / hear sb. doing sth. 被动: be seen / heard doing sth.