非谓语动词在写作上的运用

动名词

①admit，appreciate，give up，imagine，put off，resist，can’t stand(无法忍受)等后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。

②forget，mean，regret，remember，等可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

⑤在短语devote to，object to，thank for，be busy，look forward to，there is no use/good/need 等动词词组后也必须用动名词形式。

⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一次具体行为。

⑦.allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.

⑧. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。

The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.

⑨动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。

We are interested in playing chess.

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.

He likes being helped.

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

．分词的时态和语态

(1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books.

Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well.

(2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。

The question being discussed is important.

Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking.

(3)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.

如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。

We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

(4)作状语

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。

The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students.

表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。

While unfinished，the painting looked ugly.

分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。

(5).当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。

Time permitting，I’ll finish another lesson.

二、转换复合句为非谓语动词

1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment.

→There used to be a large factor y _________________. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, ____________the environment. (现在分词作状语)

2．当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late.

→When we got to the school gate it was eight. ____________, we had to say sorry for our being late. (现在分词作状语)

3．我们认为中学生学习一门外语是必要的。同时我们也认为，中学生掌握一门外语是可能的。

We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.

→We think ____________ that middle school students should learn a foreign language and (we think it) possible for them ____________ as well.(it的用法和不定式作真正宾语)

4．由于老师的帮助，我英语进步了。因为我英语进步了，我相信我能考上更好的大学。Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.

→ _____________________, my English has greatly improved, ___________(关联词) makes me sure I will go to a better university.(with复合结构作状语)

5．为了赶上同班同学，李东不遗余力地学习。为了好好学习，他从不玩电脑游戏。

Li Dong spares no effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games so that he can learn better.

→Li Dong spares no effort to study ____________ his classmates and ____________better he never plays computer games .(不定式作状语)

三. 运用非谓语动词转换简单句

1．We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard.

_______________________________________________

2．I didn't receive her letter. I had to write again.

_______________________________________________

3．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.

________________________________________________

4．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.

_________________________________________________

5．I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.

_________________________________________________

6.① It is high time we took part in some activities. ② We want to make ourselves more healthy.

_________________________________________________

7.① A girl climbed so hard that she lost her temper. ② She complained about the long walk.

_________________________________________________

8. ① The monitor has set a good example for us .

② Therefore, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .

_________________________________________________

四、改错

1. Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful .

2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing.

3. —Which team is good at cooking? —A team called itself the supper cook.

五、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达)

广州市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对广州市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。

一般表达：

1. There are a large number of taxi drivers in Guangzhou. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Guangzhou.

2. They make some money. They work from dawn till night.

3. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry so I left my cellphone in the taxi I took.

4. After I got in touch with the driver , he drove to my home and gave it back to me.

5.