英语词汇学第6讲
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
English Lexicology
Readings Task V Check
• Chapter 2 of A Survey of English Lexicology • Key points in the book will be discussed next week
Review of Lecture V
Verb-Noun Conversion
4. agent of V e.g. bore v. → n. a bore He is a great bore. Others: a cheat, a spy, a coach, a help, rebel
Verb-Noun Conversion
5. instrument of V e.g. cover v. → n. cover The cloth is good cover for the table. Others: cure, wrap, polish
Adjective-Verb Conversion
2. transitive verbs meaning “to cause someone or something to be, become, the quality denoted by the adjective” bare a.→ v. to bare e.g. He refused to bare his feet. Others: blunt, busy, free ,smooth, warm
Verb-Noun Conversion
3. object or result of V e.g. find v. → n. a find This little restaurant is quite a find. Others: a catch, an answer, a cough, a reject
Noun-Verb Conversion
2. to give N; to provide N e.g. shelter n.→ v. to shelter They shelter the orphans. Others: to coat, to wax, to sugar, to label, to plaster, to grease
Conversion: classification
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Noun-verb conversion Verb-noun conversion Adjective-verb conversion Adjective-noun conversion Other conversions
Adjective-Noun Conversion
Some adjectives are used as nouns when preceded by the definite article such as the poor, the wounded. Yet these converted nouns take on only some of the feature of the noun; i.e. they do not take plural and genitive inflections, nor can they be preceded by determiners like a, this, my, etc.
Conversion: definition
Conversion is the process of converting words from one part of speech to another without adding any derivative element. It is also called zero derivation. “In English every word can be verbed...”
Verb-Noun Conversion
1. state of mind or state of sensation e.g. desire v. → n. a desire He had a desire to be a scientist. Others: a doubt, a disgust, a want, surprise
Adjective-Verb Conversion
1. intransitive verbs meaning “to be, become the quality denoted by the adjective” pale a. → v. to pale e.g. What she was reading paled her. Others: slim, sour, mellow, dim, idle
Noun-Verb Conversion
1. to put sth in N The noun are usually locative nouns denoting a place, a container or a specified location. e.g. can n. → v. to can The workers canned apples. Others: to bottle, to floor, to cage, to corner, to pocket
Noun-Verb Conversion
3. to deprive sth of N; or to remove N from sth e.g. weed n.→ v. to weed Bill weeded the garden. Others: to core, to dust, to skin, to gut, to peel
Noun-Verb Conversion
7. to send/ go by N e.g. mail n.→ v. to mail Will you please mail the parcel? Others: to ship, to telegraph, to telephone, to motor, to boat, to ski, to bycycle
Lecture VI Word Building – Conversion
1. Conversion: definition 2. Conversion: classification Noun-verb conversion Verb-noun conversion Adjective-verb conversion Adjective-noun conversion Other conversions 3. Noun attributes
Verb-Noun Conversion
6. place of V e.g. divide v. → n. divide This is the divide between the two rivers. Others: turn, rise, return, dump
Verb-Noun Conversion
Shift of stress
• • • • • • • conflict abstract contrast decrease discountቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱexport rebel • • • • • • • permit progress protest transfer transplant survey torment
Noun-Verb Conversion
6. to make/change …into N e.g. cash n.→ v. to cash Please cash this check for me. Others: to cripple, to feature, to orphan, to fool, to group
Verb-Noun Conversion
2. event/ activity The converted nouns (from dynamic verbs) indicate a single instance or occasion. Such expressions are informal and colloquial. e.g. his usual morning commute to work Others: to give a cry, start, howl, laugh to have a look, swim, ride, try, drink to make a dash, dive, guess, search, an attempt to take a peep, stroll, turn
Noun-Verb Conversion
4. to…with N The meaning of the verb is “to use N as an instrument for whatever activity particularly associated with it”. e.g. finger She fingered the soft silk. Others: to elbow, to knife, to head
Noun-Verb Conversion
8. to spend the period of time denoted by N e.g. summer n.→ v. to summer We summered in Qingdao. Others: to holiday, to winter, to weekend , to vacation
1. Derivation: definition 2. English prefixes Function Classification 3. English suffixes Function Classification
Lecture VI Word Building – Conversion
Noun-Verb Conversion
ii. Verbs from animal nouns e.g. parrot n.→ v. to parrot Tom parroted what the boss had said. Others: to monkey, to dog, to wolf, to sardine
Noun-Verb Conversion
Changes of pronunciation & spelling
Noun
• • • • • • • • abuse advice house use belief grief shelf mouth • • • • • • • •
Verb
abuse advise house use believe grieve shelve mouth
Noun-Verb Conversion
iii. Verbs from inanimate nouns e.g. shadow n.→ v. to shadow The police shadowed the suspected spy. = The police followed the suspected spy closely like a shadow. Others: to balloon, to ghost, to snowball
Noun-Verb Conversion
5. to be/act as N with respect to… i. Verbs from human nouns: e.g. mother n.→ v. to mother She mothered the orphan. Others: to nurse, to boss, to pilot, to referee, to usher
Readings Task V Check
• Chapter 2 of A Survey of English Lexicology • Key points in the book will be discussed next week
Review of Lecture V
Verb-Noun Conversion
4. agent of V e.g. bore v. → n. a bore He is a great bore. Others: a cheat, a spy, a coach, a help, rebel
Verb-Noun Conversion
5. instrument of V e.g. cover v. → n. cover The cloth is good cover for the table. Others: cure, wrap, polish
Adjective-Verb Conversion
2. transitive verbs meaning “to cause someone or something to be, become, the quality denoted by the adjective” bare a.→ v. to bare e.g. He refused to bare his feet. Others: blunt, busy, free ,smooth, warm
Verb-Noun Conversion
3. object or result of V e.g. find v. → n. a find This little restaurant is quite a find. Others: a catch, an answer, a cough, a reject
Noun-Verb Conversion
2. to give N; to provide N e.g. shelter n.→ v. to shelter They shelter the orphans. Others: to coat, to wax, to sugar, to label, to plaster, to grease
Conversion: classification
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Noun-verb conversion Verb-noun conversion Adjective-verb conversion Adjective-noun conversion Other conversions
Adjective-Noun Conversion
Some adjectives are used as nouns when preceded by the definite article such as the poor, the wounded. Yet these converted nouns take on only some of the feature of the noun; i.e. they do not take plural and genitive inflections, nor can they be preceded by determiners like a, this, my, etc.
Conversion: definition
Conversion is the process of converting words from one part of speech to another without adding any derivative element. It is also called zero derivation. “In English every word can be verbed...”
Verb-Noun Conversion
1. state of mind or state of sensation e.g. desire v. → n. a desire He had a desire to be a scientist. Others: a doubt, a disgust, a want, surprise
Adjective-Verb Conversion
1. intransitive verbs meaning “to be, become the quality denoted by the adjective” pale a. → v. to pale e.g. What she was reading paled her. Others: slim, sour, mellow, dim, idle
Noun-Verb Conversion
1. to put sth in N The noun are usually locative nouns denoting a place, a container or a specified location. e.g. can n. → v. to can The workers canned apples. Others: to bottle, to floor, to cage, to corner, to pocket
Noun-Verb Conversion
3. to deprive sth of N; or to remove N from sth e.g. weed n.→ v. to weed Bill weeded the garden. Others: to core, to dust, to skin, to gut, to peel
Noun-Verb Conversion
7. to send/ go by N e.g. mail n.→ v. to mail Will you please mail the parcel? Others: to ship, to telegraph, to telephone, to motor, to boat, to ski, to bycycle
Lecture VI Word Building – Conversion
1. Conversion: definition 2. Conversion: classification Noun-verb conversion Verb-noun conversion Adjective-verb conversion Adjective-noun conversion Other conversions 3. Noun attributes
Verb-Noun Conversion
6. place of V e.g. divide v. → n. divide This is the divide between the two rivers. Others: turn, rise, return, dump
Verb-Noun Conversion
Shift of stress
• • • • • • • conflict abstract contrast decrease discountቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱexport rebel • • • • • • • permit progress protest transfer transplant survey torment
Noun-Verb Conversion
6. to make/change …into N e.g. cash n.→ v. to cash Please cash this check for me. Others: to cripple, to feature, to orphan, to fool, to group
Verb-Noun Conversion
2. event/ activity The converted nouns (from dynamic verbs) indicate a single instance or occasion. Such expressions are informal and colloquial. e.g. his usual morning commute to work Others: to give a cry, start, howl, laugh to have a look, swim, ride, try, drink to make a dash, dive, guess, search, an attempt to take a peep, stroll, turn
Noun-Verb Conversion
4. to…with N The meaning of the verb is “to use N as an instrument for whatever activity particularly associated with it”. e.g. finger She fingered the soft silk. Others: to elbow, to knife, to head
Noun-Verb Conversion
8. to spend the period of time denoted by N e.g. summer n.→ v. to summer We summered in Qingdao. Others: to holiday, to winter, to weekend , to vacation
1. Derivation: definition 2. English prefixes Function Classification 3. English suffixes Function Classification
Lecture VI Word Building – Conversion
Noun-Verb Conversion
ii. Verbs from animal nouns e.g. parrot n.→ v. to parrot Tom parroted what the boss had said. Others: to monkey, to dog, to wolf, to sardine
Noun-Verb Conversion
Changes of pronunciation & spelling
Noun
• • • • • • • • abuse advice house use belief grief shelf mouth • • • • • • • •
Verb
abuse advise house use believe grieve shelve mouth
Noun-Verb Conversion
iii. Verbs from inanimate nouns e.g. shadow n.→ v. to shadow The police shadowed the suspected spy. = The police followed the suspected spy closely like a shadow. Others: to balloon, to ghost, to snowball
Noun-Verb Conversion
5. to be/act as N with respect to… i. Verbs from human nouns: e.g. mother n.→ v. to mother She mothered the orphan. Others: to nurse, to boss, to pilot, to referee, to usher