欧洲文化入门笔记

欧洲文化入门笔记

1、There are many elements constituting组成European Culture.

2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element andJudeo-Christian element.

3、The richness丰富性of European Culture was created byGreco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.

第一章

1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.

2、The economy of Athens rested on依赖an immense无限的amountof slave labour.

3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896当代奥运会

4、Ancient Greece古希腊…s epics was created by Homer.

5、They events of Homer…s own time. 错They are not about events of Homer…s own time，probably in theperiod 1200-1100 B.C.

6、The Homer…s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.

7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad.

8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.

9、Odyssey对其作品产生影响—→James Joyoe…s Ulysses描述一天的生活。In the 20th century.

10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.

11、三大悲剧大师

①Aeschylus 《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》

②Sophocles之首《Oedipus the King》—→ Freud…s “the Oedipus complex” 恋母情结—→David Herbert Lawrence‟s《Sons and lovers》劳伦斯447 页

③Euripides A.《Trojan Women》B.He is the first writer of “problem plays”社会问题剧在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物 C.Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”一个纯粹的人D.Realism can be traced back追溯到to the Ancient Greece. To be specific具体来说，Euripides.

12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18 页Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派The lakers华兹华兹新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法

13、History Historical writing史学创作※“Father of History”—→Herodotus —→ warbetween Greeks andPersians This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒，3 只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。※“The greatest historian that ever lived.”有史以来最伟大的历史学家—→ Thucydides —→ war Sparta，Athens and Syracuse

14、The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars.

15、受希腊文化影响的传教士St. Paul. Democritus Materialism

16、希腊文化中的哲学被基督教所吸收

17、①Euclid…s Elements 解析几何It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20thcentury. 历史地位②Archimedes His work not only in geometry

几何学，but also in arithmetic 算术，machanics 机械，and hydrostatics.流体静力学选择：Give me a place to stand，and I will move the world.谁的理论Archimedes

18、Architecture 古希腊建筑三大风格temple—→Parthenon 帕特农神庙

①The Doric style is also called masculine style. 宏伟的but the Doric style is monotonous and unadorned 单调is sturdy 坚强的，powerful，severelooking 庄严肃穆and showing agood sense of proportions and numbers.

②The Ionic style is also called the feminine style. 阴柔的is graceful 优雅的and elegant 优美的。The Ionic style often shows a wealth of ornament. 装饰性

③The Corinthian style is known for its ornamental luxury. 奢侈

19、The famous temples：The Acrpolis at Athens and the Parthenon.

20、The burning of Corinth in 146 B.C. Marked Roman conquest ofGreece.

21、The melting between Roman Culture and Greek Culture. 罗马征服希腊的标志

22、From 146 B.C.，Latin was the language of the western half of theRoman Empire. Greek that of the eastern half.

23、Both Latin and Greek belong to Indo-European language.

24、The Roman writer Horace said “captive Greece took her rudeconqueror captive”。

25、The dividing range分水岭in the Roman history refers to 27 B.C.

26、The year 27 B.C. Divided the Roman history into two periods：republic and empire.

27、The idea of Republic can be traced back to Plato…s republic.

28、The land area of Roman empire reached its climax in 2 to 3century.

29、north：Scotland east：Armenia and Mesopotamia

30、In the Roman history ，there came two hundred years of peacefultime，which was guaranteed保证by the Roman legions罗马军团

31、In the Roman history，there came two hundred years of peacefultime，which was known as Pax Romana.神圣罗马帝国

32、名解In the Roman history ，there came two hundred years ofpeaceful time，which was guaranteed保证by the Roman legions，it wasknown as Pax Romana

33、The Roman Law protected保护the rights of plebeians 平民。

34、The important contribution made by the Romans to the Europeanculture was the Roman Law.

35、the After 395，empire was divided into East the Byzantine Empireand West.

36、Cicero 西赛罗he legal and political speeches are models of Latindiction 拉丁语用词described as Ciceronian.西赛罗式的an enormous influence巨大影响on the development of Europeanprose.散文

37、Julius Caesar commentaries 批评论“I came，I saw，I conquered.”

38、Virgil Aeneid 阿尼德

39、The pantheon was built in 27 B.C. The world…s first vast interior space.世界上第一所最大的室内场所

40、The Colosseum大理石像it…s an enormous.露天的环形影剧院

41、Sculpture雕塑She-wolf母狼

42、The representation form of Greek Democracy is citizen-assembly.古希腊民主的表现形式