中考英语被动语态导学提纲

中考英语被动语态

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：_____语态和_____语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的_____者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的_____者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。

例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

1、被动语态由“_____＋及物动词的______”构成。此时人称、数和时态的变化是通过____的变化表现出来的。一般疑问句直接将_____提前，否定句在______后加not.

2、含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。一般疑问句直接将_____提前，否定句在______后加not. 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，

例如：We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.

被动语态有各种时态的变化。

一般现在时：___／___／____＋________ 一般过去时：_____／_______＋_________ 一般将来时：_____／__________＋_______ 现在进行时：___／___／____ ______＋_____ 过去进行时：_____／_____ _____＋_______ 现在完成时：_____／____ _____＋_____ 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)_______或_____________动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗(不知道电脑是谁偷的) (2)强调动作的_______，而不强调动作的_______。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的_____变为被动语态的_____。(2)把_____变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的_____放在介词_____之后作_____，将___格改为___格。若为产地则用介词_____例如：All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、注意

1、一个句子能否改被动语态取决于谓语动词是否为_______动词；

2、被动语态的人称和时态均对______ 进行变化，结构中动词均用_____分词；

3、改写时句子_____ 和_______ 均保持不变；

4、特殊句子改写：一般疑问句，双宾语和特殊疑问句

疑问句改写，可先改为_______,再将改后的_______变为_____语态，再将_____语态还原为原来的句子种类。

双宾语（____宾语指人，______指物）：切记只能改其中的____个宾语，通常改______宾语，若改_____宾语，需加介词____或_____

5、一感（_____）二听（_____ _______）三使役（______ ______ ______ ）四看（____ ______ _______ -________）半帮助（_____）后接______做宾补时，主动___to 被动______ to.

6、by短语的省略：若主语为泛指性的，则可以省，若主语不是人，省略后会产生歧义通常则不省略

一. 被动语态专项练习：

选择填空。

1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980.

A. have been taken place

B. took place

C. have taken place

D. were taken place

3. －Do you like the skirt ?

－It _______ soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

4. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.

A. is given

B. will be given

C. would have given

D. would be given

5. Water ______ into ice.

A. will changed

B. must be changed

C. should change

D. can be changed

6. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please.

A. Has …finished

B. Has …being finished

C. Is …finish

D. Has …been finished

7. He made his sons ____ all the afternoon, they have been made _____ for three hours already

A. to run; run

B. run; run

C. run; to run

D. to run; to run

二. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空

1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ （send）up into space ?

2. Last year vegetables ______ （grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______（sell）them himself.

3. How many magazines ______ （can borrow）in your library every week ?

4. John ______ （hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.

5. －Who ______ （save）her father ? －He ______ （save）by that policeman.

四. 填空（完成被动语态填空）

1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）

Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.

2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）

A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .

3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）

English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.

4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）

English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.

5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上）

These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.

6、Has Tom finished the work yet?(同上)

____ the work ______ ________ by Tom yet?

7. My uncle gave me a computer(变被动语态)

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________