语法填空考纲解读和试题分析.doc

语法填空考纲解读和试题分析

一、语法填空究竟考什么?

仔细研读《2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东（一模）卷）英语考试大纲的说明》屮的样题，从试题说明部分，您会有什么发现？

不难看出：

…是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主耍考查考定对高中英语大纲要求的基木语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。

2、命题特点：

语法填空是2007年高考广东卷的新题型，该题共10小题，每小题1・5分，满分15分，应该在10分钟Z内完成。它以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。文章长约150词（样题152词），平均设空密度约为15词一空，基本不影响对语境的把握，要求根据上下文意思填入恰当的具…定语法功能的词。与传统的完形填空题不同，传统的完形填空题侧重考查语篇能力，而语法填空侧重考查的是语境加语法，而语法乂占据了关键性的地位。词汇的考查涉及动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词、形容词等。语法项冃则包括非谓语动词、定语从句、时间状语从句、并列句、形容词、副词的比较级、系表结构等。每个空格应该以语法为单位，不一定只填一词（特别是谓语动词或非谓语动词形式），除谓语或非谓语动词及派生词给出提示词外，其他空均不设选择项、不给提示词。

二语法填空究竟考什么哪些语法项目？

（了解语法框架，做到心中有数）

《2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语考试大纲的说明》、《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》中明确了高中阶段的语法学习应该从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。根据“课标”及考试人纲的要求，|考生应掌握24个语法项冃|,

包括：

1、名词（可数名词及其单复数；不可数名词；专有名词；名词所有格）；

2、代词（人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词）；

3、数词（基数词；序数词）；

4、介词和介词短语；

5、连词；

6、形容词（比较级和最高级）；

7、副词（比较级和最高级）；

8、冠词（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）；

9、动词（动词的基本形式；系动词；及物动词和不及物动词；助动词；情态动词）;

10、时态（一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；过去将来时；

将来进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时）；

11、被动语态；

12、非谓语动词（动词不定式；动词的-ing形式；动词的-ed形式）；

13、构词法（合成法；派生法；转化法；缩写和简写）；

14、句了种类（陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句）；

15、句子成分（主语；谓语；表语；宾语；定语；状语；补语）；

16、简单句的基本句型；（五种句型）

17、主谓一致；

18、并列复合句；

19、主从复合句（宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句；主语从句；表语从句）；

20、间接引语;

21、省略;

22、倒装;

23、强调；

24、虚拟语气。

耍特别关注重点的语法项冃：现在完成进行时、将來进行时、强调、虚拟语气、动词（时态、语态、非谓语形式）、词类转换、连词、冠词、副词、从句等。

动词词类转

换比最较词词连词

点数量年份

时态语态非谓形变名变动变

语副形名

高级级名

从

定从

状

从

并

连

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1

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2012

三、

10 2 0 0

语法填空解题微技巧

0111

J

1101

考生在做语法填空题时，可以用一种“由大到小”的思路去思考答案。也就是

说，可以从“篇章、句子、词汇”三个层面去考虑。

1、通读全文、了解人意、把握特征、弄清文脉。

2、巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。

3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。

4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。

做完题后，应该静下心来，仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意贯通、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和」E确性，尤英注意动词、连词介词的搭配以及名词的形式等。

5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。

四、专题训练的基本步骤:循序渐进

1、单句专题训练：（精选改编高考题：主谓一致；连词）

2、句群专题训练

3、篇草专题训练

近几年语法填空真题解读

2013 年

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的耍求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的止确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为I&〜25的相应位置上。

One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he 16 (find)that he had run out of salt・ So Nick called to his son, "Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.^

His son looked suiprised.^I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less. 18 not save a bit of money?5

"That would be a very 19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like outs/5 Nick said.

Nick's guests. 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could・ Nick replied/9 The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money・ And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and stmggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it."

"Bin such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village：

Tn the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very

important ,and look where we have ended up today/"

2012 年

阅读下而短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用口号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16〜25的相应位置上。

Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16_ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17—(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 1& (please)，because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn^t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row・

— _20_ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong .It might have made it a little 2] (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _22—made her teel like a star.

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?^ the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head?5 'Then Fd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Fm speaking to you： The new boy looked at the teacher 23一a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do. Then he took 25 off, gave a big smile and said 'That is cool".